RU2691455C1 - Internal combustion engine for diesel, gas-diesel or gas motor fuel with spark ignition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: motors and pumps.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engine for diesel, gas-diesel or gas motor fuel with spark ignition comprises one cylinder with piston in it, kinematically connected to crankshaft, cylinder head with installed in it inlet and outlet valves, combustion chamber on piston bottom, made in form of recess from rotation body, swirlers of charge in the form of end projections with tangential channels are located around combustion chamber on piston bottom and adjoin cylindrical recess in cylinder head and enter it at piston position in upper dead point, valves are located on grooves in cylinder head, depth of which corresponds to depth of cylinder head recess and height of end projections, wherein vortex charge movement at inlet into cylinder coincides in direction with direction of tangential channels on piston bottom, and ignition source installed in recess of cylinder head, at that engines for diesel, or gas-diesel, or gas motor fuel with spark ignition have unified head of cylinder with same depth of cylindrical recess in cylinder head, and depth of recess for valve corresponds to depth of head recess and height of end ledges on piston bottom, and unified aluminum pistons with same cylinder diameter on piston bottom for pressing inserts with end projections with interference, inserts have disk belt with outer diameter corresponding to piston diameter, and are made of high-alloy, corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel, for example, 10H18N9TL.EFFECT: invention provides higher power, torque and reduced fuel consumption.6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to internal combustion engines with both forced ignition and compression ignition.

Known internal combustion engine, which contains at least one cylinder with a piston placed in it, kinematically connected with the crankshaft, cylinder head with intake and exhaust valves installed in it, a combustion chamber on the bottom of the piston, made in the form of a recess from the body of rotation, axis which coincides with the axis of the cylinder or is located near it, charge swirlers in the form of end protrusions with tangential channels are located around the combustion chamber on the bottom of the piston and are adjacent to the cylindrical recess in cylinder head and enter it when the piston is in the TDC, the valves are located on the grooves in the cylinder head, the depth of which corresponds to the depth of the cylinder head notch and approximately the height of the end lugs, the vortex motion of the charge at the inlet into the cylinder coincides with the direction of the tangential channels on the bottom of the piston and an ignition source mounted in a recess of the cylinder head (RU 2537668, 2015, 13c.).

The objective of the invention is to convert diesel into a gas-diesel engine or engine for liquefied or compressed motor fuel by spark ignition and maximum unification of parts of these engines and engines with different compression ratios for using current molding equipment and automatic parts machining lines in production, as well as upgrading them for a significant improvement in consumer parameters and characteristics: increased power and torque (performance); reduced fuel consumption; resource increase; improving environmental performance; reliability; starting properties; profitability of production.

The task is achieved by the fact that the engines for diesel, or gas-diesel, or gas engine fuel with spark ignition have a unified cylinder head with the same depth of the cylindrical recess in the cylinder head, and the depth of the recess under the valve corresponds to the depth of the recess in the cylinder head and approximately the height of the end lugs on piston bottom, and standardized aluminum pistons with the same diameter of the cylinder on the piston bottom for pressing in inserts with end protrusions with sufficient pressure, inserts and eyut belt disc with an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the piston in the bottom zone and made of high-alloy, corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel, for example, 10H18N9TL, with different degrees of compression engines for various types of fuel is determined only by varying the depth of the recess in the steel insert. Piston inserts for high-speed spark-ignition engines for gas engine fuel can be made of aluminum alloy

The organization of the vortex motion of air or charge at the entrance to the engine cylinder, which coincides in direction with the tangential channels on the bottom of the piston, provides effective cooling in each cycle of the end protrusions and the bottom of the piston by microvortexes formed by bending around the vortex flow at the inlet of the end projections on the bottom of the piston.

In one of the cases, the cylinder on the bottom of the piston for pressing in the insert is performed through.

To ensure high-speed combustion, it is required to generate microvortexes in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke, while the outflow of charge or air from the displacement zone into the combustion chamber should occur at a high speed of about 40 ÷ 60 m / s at the rated power revolutions, this speed ensures high-quality combustion all engine operating modes. The height of the end protrusions, the number of tangential channels and their width are determined from the condition for ensuring this speed.

Considering the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum alloy and steel, the steel insert can additionally be fixed with a pin mounted on the side wall of the insert, or other technologies can be used to securely fasten the steel insert in the aluminum piston.

In one of the cases, the end protrusions on the bottom of the piston, adjacent to the valve plates, are made of a lower height in order to prevent them from contacting at the position at TDC (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4)

The engine may contain one intake and one exhaust valve per cylinder, while the ignition source is located at the bottom of the recess in the cylinder head.

The engine may contain one exhaust valve and two intake valves, the ignition source is located at the bottom of the recess in the cylinder head.

The engine may contain two intake and two exhaust valves, the ignition source is located at the bottom of the recess in the cylinder head.

All types of inserts on the bottom of the engine pistons have a spherical bulge of radius OR at the bottom of the insert and radius r of the side surface transition to the bottom of the insert, bulge of radius OR and radius r are performed to ensure rigidity of the inserts and uniform distribution of fuel in the combustion chamber when it is injected into the engine cylinder.

The graph shows the internal combustion engine for diesel, gas diesel and gaseous motor fuel, where FIG. 1 is a cross section of the engine

FIG. 2 - view of the cylinder head from the side of the piston with one intake and one exhaust valve,

FIG. 3 shows a piston section with an aluminum or steel insert having a spherical bulge OR and radius r.

FIG. 4 - view of the piston from the side of the cylinder head.

The internal combustion engine for diesel, gas diesel or gaseous motor fuel contains at least one cylinder 1 with a piston 2 placed in it, kinematically connected with a crankshaft (not shown in the figures), cylinder head 3 with inlet 4 installed in it and exhaust 5 valves , the combustion chamber 6 in the form of a notch 7 on the cylinder head 3 and a notch 8 on the bottom 9 of the piston 2, a notch 7 on the cylinder head mates with a notch 8 on the piston bottom when the piston is in the top dead center.

On the recess 8 on the bottom 9 of the piston is pressed into the insert 10 with a disk belt 11. The charge swirlers are made in the form of end protrusions 12 on the insert 10 and form tangential channels 13.

The inlet valve 4 and the exhaust valve 5 are located notches 14 and 15 on the cylinder head, the depth of the notches 14 and 15 corresponds to the depth of the notch 7 on the cylinder head and approximately the height of the end projections 12 on the insert 10.

The bottom of the insert 10 is provided with a spherical bulge 16 of radius OR and the side surface of the insert mates with the bottom of the insert with a radius of r 17. The radii 16 and 17 provide rigidity of the insert and serve to evenly distribute the fuel when it is injected into the engine cylinder.

Considering the different thermal expansion coefficients of aluminum alloy and steel, the steel insert 10 can additionally be fixed with a pin 18, pressed into the side surface of the insert and into the housing of the aluminum piston 2, or other technologies can be used to securely attach the steel insert to the aluminum piston.

For high-speed engines with spark ignition, the insert 19 is made of aluminum alloy.

In some cases, insertion of both steel and aluminum can be performed with end protrusions of different heights h and h1 - a smaller height in the area of the valves (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).

On the recess 7 of the cylinder head 3 there is an ignition source 20. For a diesel engine, the ignition source is a nozzle, for an engine with a gas engine fuel a spark plug.

The engine works as follows. During the compression stroke when the piston approaches the TDC, the end protrusions 12 on the insert 10 or 19 cut off the charge located in the displacement zone from the combustion chamber. As the piston continues to move, the charge is displaced into the combustion chamber at high speed, and microvortexes are generated at the edges of the insert's protrusions. Microvortex significantly accelerates the rate of combustion of the charge and the completeness of combustion. When the piston moves downward, the burning mixture of charge and combustion products are re-subjected to microturbulization. Increasing the rate of heat generation increases the pressure at the beginning of the movement of the piston on the expansion line, which significantly increases the work of expanding the combustion products.

The increase in the work of expanding the products of combustion of the charge provides a significant decrease in the temperature of exhaust gases (by 150 ° ÷ 200 ° C). In this way, the reliability and service life of the engine for gas diesel and gaseous motor fuels increases (gas fuel burns much slower, which leads to an increase in the temperature of exhaust gases, which means that the temperature of parts in conventional internal combustion engines). In a diesel engine, an increase in the speed and completeness of combustion reduces the release of solid particles (carbon black — unburned carbon), which provides a significant reduction in wear of the piston, piston rings, cylinder liners and other parts.

Thus, the generation of microvortexes in the combustion chamber leads to an increase in efficiency (increased torque and reduced fuel consumption in all modes), reliability and engine life for all types of fuel. In addition, the emission of CO, CH, NOx and particulate matter during combustion at high speed is reduced and the engine start is improved.

Thus, converting diesel into gas-diesel or gas motor fuel with the modernization of these engines according to the invention will improve all the basic consumer qualities of engines using foundry equipment and automatic production lines for the piston and cylinder head. Provides a significant increase in the profitability of existing production and the competitiveness of engines for all types of fuel.

In addition, the proposed invention allows to reduce the time to manufacture the piston, because readjustment of casting equipment and large automatic piston processing lines takes a lot of time, and making inserts with different volumes of the combustion chamber on the bottom of the piston is less laborious for different engines - diesel with turbocharging and without turbocharging, for gas-diesel with turbocharging and without turbocharging, for ICE with spark ignition for gas engine fuel. Thus, it is possible to avoid repeated readjustment of foundry equipment, a large line of fur. piston machining. At the same time, the invention allows preserving or reducing the mass of a piston with a steel insert compared with an aluminum piston manufactured without taking this invention into account.

The introduction of the invention allows to significantly increase the profitability of the production of diesel and gas diesel, because The working process according to patent RU 2537668 and the proposed invention enhances all the basic consumer qualities of a diesel engine and gas diesel engine when using cheaper conventional domestic fuel equipment without the use of expensive high-pressure injection with electronic control for both diesel engine and gas diesel engine.

Claims (5)

1. The internal combustion engine for diesel, gas diesel or gas engine fuel with spark ignition contains at least one cylinder with a piston placed in it, kinematically connected with a crankshaft, a cylinder head with inlet and exhaust valves installed in it, a combustion chamber on the bottom piston, made in the form of a notch from the body of rotation, charge swirlers in the form of end protrusions with tangential channels are located around the combustion chamber on the bottom of the piston and are adjacent to the cylindrical recess in cylinder head and enter it when the piston is in the TDC, the valves are located on the grooves in the cylinder head, the depth of which corresponds to the depth of the cylinder head notch and the height of the end lugs, and the vortex charge movement at the inlet into the cylinder coincides in direction with the direction of the tangential channels on the bottom of the piston and an ignition source installed in the recess of the cylinder head, characterized in that the engines for diesel, or gas-diesel, or gas engine fuel with spark ignition have uniforms the cylinder head with the same depth of the cylindrical recess in the cylinder head, and the depth of the recess for the valve corresponds to the depth of the recess in the cylinder head and the height of the end lugs on the bottom of the piston, and unified aluminum pistons with the same diameter of the cylinder on the bottom of the piston for pressing in inserts with end protrusions with tightness , inserts have a disk belt with an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of the piston, and are made of high-alloyed, corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel, for example 10X18H9TL, or aluminum mini alloy 2. The engine under item 1, characterized in that the cylinder at the bottom of the piston for pressing the insert is performed through. 3. The engine under item 1, characterized in that the height of the end protrusions, the number of tangential channels and their width are determined from the rate of discharge of charge or air from the displacement zone into the combustion chamber at a speed of about 40-60 m / s on the revolutions of the rated power. 4. The engine under item 1, characterized in that all types of inserts have a spherical bulge of radius OR at the bottom of the inserts and radius r of the transition of the side surface to the bottom of the insert. 5. The engine under item 1, characterized in that the steel insert is additionally fixed by a pin, pressed into the side wall of the insert and the housing of the aluminum piston.

Images