RU2689684C1 - Method for harvesting of non-grain part of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Method for harvesting of non-grain part of crops includes mowing, threshing of bread mass in body of thresher of combine harvester with separation of straw and chaff with seeds of weeds. Bales of straw and chaff with weeds are pressed. Bales are immersed in trailer or left in field.

EFFECT: proposed method allows to avoid weeds clogging the field.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used when harvesting crops.

There is a known method of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop of crops, a combine without a stacker throws straw into a swath, pouring chaff on top of it, then picking up the balers and pressing into rolls, and the rolls are loaded into trailers and taken to the place of stacking. (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural Machines. - Moscow: Koloss, 2003. - p. 353-354).

The disadvantage of the known method of harvesting the non-cereal part of the harvest lies in the fact that harvesting straw and chaff from the roll requires the use of additional brands of machines, and this entails an increase in metal consumption for operations, labor costs, also reduces the quality of the harvested product and increases the loss, also in the non-cereal part of the crop there are seeds weeds that, when released into the soil, begin to germinate; such fields require herbicide treatment or mechanical treatment.

There is a method of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop, in which chopped straw is harvested by combines equipped with a chopper. It is collected in trailed trucks, transported to the place of storage and laid in ricks with a height of at least 4 m. (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: Koloss, 2003. - p. 353-354) .

The disadvantages of the known method of harvesting the non-cereal part of the harvest are that harvesting straw and chaff into the cart in a crumbly form increases the complexity of the operation, and also requires additional units to be used, which leads to an increase in metal consumption for the operation, operating costs, reduced quality of the product being harvested and losses increase .

There is a method of harvesting crops, including cutting or picking grain rolls, leguminous, oilseeds and forage crops in full ripeness, threshing, separation of the mass into straw and an unbilled heap, collecting the latter in a bunker, transporting, cleaning on a stationary unit and supplying the treatment products to the sites warehousing, also simultaneously with the harvest, they press straw, cultivate the soil, and sow seeds at the hospital (patent RU 2519855 С2, cl. A01D 91/04, A01D 41/41/00, A01D 43/12, published 20.06.2014. Bull No. 17 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known method of harvesting agricultural crops are that this technological scheme allows for the loss of an unbelievable pile in the straw and the potential clogging of the field with weed seeds with the release of straw, the selection of straw from the roll lying on the field also reduces its quality, increasing the humidity and contamination by soil particles In this case, the straw should not be immediately pressed into a roll. It must be dried, while simultaneously processing the soil, weeds up the seeds of weeds that have spilled through the swath of straw on the field, bespechivaya their further growth.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of straw, productivity when harvesting the non-grain part of the crop and reducing operating costs.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop of crops, including mowing, threshing of the grain mass, the selection of the unbelted heap and straw from which, in the pressed bales, according to the invention, the unbelted heap is divided into grain, chaff and weed seeds and after the threshing grain the masses in the threshing body of a combine harvester from selected straw and chaff with weed seeds press bales, then they are immersed in a trailer or left on the field.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that in the process of harvesting grain crops, rolls of chaff with weed seeds and straw are formed directly after threshing in the harvesting machine and loading the rolls into the trailer or left on the field, which allows to get high-quality straw, to avoid littering the field weed and reduce operating costs.

The essence of the method is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a device for implementing a method for harvesting a non-grain part of a crop of crops.

To implement the method, use is made of a device consisting of a combine harvester 1 with a thresher housing 2 in which the straw walker 3 keys are placed and the straw 4 extension 5 which comes down from the straw walker 3 keys and together with the sex 6 comes into the pressing chamber 7, where a roll 8 is formed. In this case, the bottom 9 of the bale chamber 7 is made in the form of a curved surface that follows the shape of a roll and is connected to a telescopic unloading device 10 fixed through the hinge 11 with the thresher body 2, which has in its rear part an unloading hole 12 with a movable rear wall 13 through which the formed roll 8 is fed by a telescopic discharge device 10 to the trailer 14.

The method of harvesting the non-grain crop of crops is as follows.

Combine harvester produces mowing, threshing and separation into streams of non-grain parts of chaff, weed seeds and straw after separation from the last grain, these streams combine 2 combine harvesters directly into the thresher housing. Then the flow of chaff, weed seeds and straw enters the press chamber 7, where it begins to perform a circular motion clockwise or counterclockwise, which ensures the formation of a roll 8 oriented with its axis of rotation parallel or perpendicular to the field, depending on the design. When the forming process is completed the roll is sent to the trailer 14 or remains on the field.

The proposed method is compared with the known, has several advantages: reduced operating costs; preservation of straw quality; increase the efficiency of the cleaning unit and performance.

Claims (1)

The method of harvesting the non-grain part of the crop of crops, including mowing, threshing of the grain mass, the release of unbelievable heap and straw, from which bales are pressed, characterized in that the unbelievable heap is divided into grain, chaff and weed seeds and after threshing of the grain mass in the thresher of the combine harvester from selected straw and chaff with weed seeds, bales are pressed, then they are immersed in a trailer or left on the field.

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