RU2683129C1 - Circular antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering, in particular to circular orientation antenna, and can be used in antenna-feeder devices for basic radio station, operator's, dispatching antenna, stationary and for operation as part of receiving-transmitting systems operating at frequencies of 425–445 MHz. Antenna of circular orientation comprises cylindrical housing 1 with cover 12, base 2, high-frequency connector 3, sleeve 4, central conductor 5 installed in high-frequency connector 3, metal rod 6, resonant circuit, inductance coil 12 and bracket 13. Plug with a cable from the receiving-transmitting device is connected to metal rod 6 threaded joint. Antenna is additionally equipped with two spring-loaded metal plates 8 and 9, adjusting screw 7 and insulator 11, on bushing 4 base 2, high-frequency connector 3, the first metal spring plate 8 and bracket 13 are fixed. Metal rod 6 in the lower part is curled into the inductance coil and fixed to central conductor 5, the second metal spring plate 9 is connected to metal rod 6 in the lower part. Resonant circuit is formed by first and second metal spring plates 8, 9 and inductance coil. Plates form together variable capacitance with possibility of adjustment by adjusting screw 7, which is installed in cylindrical housing 1 on outer side.EFFECT: technical result consists in simplification of design and adjustment of antenna in required frequency range during manufacture, reduction of windage and improvement of stability of main parameters.1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, in particular, to a circular antenna and can be used in antenna-feeder devices for a base radio station, namely for a base, operator, dispatch antenna, stationary and for the construction of medium-range repeaters (repeaters), for operation as part of transceiver systems operating at frequencies of 425-445 MHz.

State of the art

A transmission device for wireless telegraphy is known, in which one or several antennas tuned to the fundamental frequency or harmonic frequency are connected in the same way to the voltage antinode point of the oscillatory circuit of a radio frequency generator, which is known in a manner related to a similar resonant circuit, and the device consists of an oscillatory circuit of a high frequency generator Oh, to which another resonant circuit Z is connected, connected by one of the methods known for communication (inductive ohm, capacitive, galvanic coupling), and at the point of antinode voltage of the intermediate circuit Z, an antenna is connected that absorbs (absorbs) energy from the intermediate circuit and radiates it if the natural oscillations of the antenna or its harmonic coincide with the frequency of the intermediate circuit Z and the high-frequency generator O, while the antenna is excited purely by voltage, and the antenna described above does not have a counterweight or ground (see Austrian Pat. No. 110357, class 21 a, “Transmission device for wireless telegraphy”, publ. . 08/10/1928).

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of tuning the antenna in the desired frequency range during manufacture.

Known log-periodic resonance antenna, consisting of a linear array of slot emitters cut in the walls of the resonators, each resonator made in the form of a truncated cone with a sector cut-out with an angle, the cut edges are connected to flat metal surfaces, the truncated cones are made of a full cone, the axis of which are aligned with a common edge of the surfaces, and the resonators are excited by a supply line to which pathogens are connected through tubular conductors (see Pat. RU No. 2096871, IPC H01Q 11/10, published on November 20, 1997).

The disadvantages of this log-periodic resonant antenna is its low gain.

Known transmitting antenna containing emitters mounted on a carrier screen-reflector, power amplifiers, exciter-driver of the interfering signal, while the reflector screen is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe mounted on its surface in one plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical pipe, emitters on an equal distance from the axis of the cylindrical pipe, providing the possibility of forming a circular radiation pattern when applying simultaneously to all emitters of interference signals from one what initial phase of the oscillation of the carrier frequency and the formation of the directional direction in the azimuthal plane of the radiation sector when applying to the emitters interference signals with predetermined ratios of the assigned initial voltages and phases of the carrier frequency, the power amplifiers are connected to a signal delay switching unit, in which: the first digital delay line high-speed microwave keys at the output connected to the first input of the power amplifier, and at the input connected to the output of the pathogen - shaper of the interfering signal ; the second digital delay line on the high-speed microwave keys at the output is connected to the second input of the power amplifier, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter - imaging signal shaper; the third digital delay line on the high-speed microwave keys at the output is connected to the third input of the power amplifier, and at the input it is connected to the output of the pathogen - shaper of the interfering signal; the fourth digital delay line on the high-speed microwave keys at the output is connected to the fourth input of the power amplifier, and at the input it is connected to the output of the pathogen - shaper of the interfering signal (see US Pat. RU No. 2532724, IPC H01Q 3/00, publ. 10.11.2014, Bulletin No. 31).

The disadvantages of this transmitting antenna is the design complexity, low reliability.

A slotted cylindrical antenna is known, comprising a conductive cylindrical body with a longitudinal slot with first and second edges and a feeder, while it further comprises a first conductive clamp, a second conductive clamp and a matching cable length, the first clamp being located to form a galvanic contact on the first edge of the slot , the second clamp is located with the formation of galvanic contact on the second edge of the gap, the feeder on the surface of the cylinder is laid along a straight line diametrically opposite to the longitudinal axis slit, with a bend in the vicinity of the point of excitation of the slit, is laid through the first clamp with the formation of an external conductor of the feeder galvanic contact with the first clamp, the matching cable section is laid through the second clamp, the central conductor of the feeder is galvanically connected to the central conductor of the matching cable segment (see US Pat. No. 2574172, IPC H01Q 13/12, publ. 02/10/2016, bull. No. 4).

The disadvantages of this slotted cylindrical antenna is that the antenna has a large longitudinal wavelength in free space, which complicates it as a radiating element of the antenna array, forming a radiation pattern of a special kind in the plane of the vector N.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the author for the prototype is a circular antenna containing a cylindrical body with a cover, a base, a high-frequency connector, a sleeve, a central conductor installed in a high-frequency connector, a metal rod, a resonant circuit, an inductor and an arm at the same time, a plug with a cable from the transceiver is connected to the threaded connection of the metal rod (see Kocherzhevsky G.N. Antenna feeder s device / GN Kocherzhevsky -. M .: Radio and Communications, 1981 /).

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of tuning the antenna in the desired frequency range during manufacture.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a circular antenna with a simplification of the design and tuning of the antenna in the desired frequency range during manufacture, reducing windage and improving the stability of the main parameters.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the invention is to simplify the design and tuning of the antenna in the desired frequency range during manufacture, reduce windage and improve the stability of the main parameters.

The technical result is achieved using a circular antenna containing a cylindrical body with a cover, a base, a high-frequency connector, a sleeve, a central conductor installed in a high-frequency connector, a metal rod, a resonant circuit, an inductor and an arm for fixing to a bearing surface, while to a threaded the connection of the metal rod, the plug is connected with a cable from the transceiver, while it is additionally equipped with two spring metal p astins, adjusting screw and insulator, moreover, the base, the high-frequency connector, the first metal spring plate and the bracket are fixed together on the sleeve, and the metal rod in the lower part is curled into the inductor and fixed to the central conductor, while the second metal spring plate is connected to the metal the rod in the lower part, and the resonant circuit, consisting of additionally installed first and second metal spring plates and inductors, form ovmestno variable capacitance, with the possibility of adjustment to the adjusting screw which is mounted in the upper part in the cylindrical body from the outside with the possibility of touching the inside of the first metal spring plate, followed by cutting from the outside, wherein the insulator is installed in the middle portion inside the housing.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

In FIG. 1 shows an antenna of circular orientation, a General view in section;

In FIG. 2, the same testimony, KCB in the operating frequency range;

In FIG. 3, the same, the testimony, the gain antenna dBi, in the band of 20 MHz;

In FIG. 4, the same input impedance, Ohm.

In FIG. 5, the same, circular antenna test results, table.

The implementation of the invention

The circular antenna consists of a cylindrical body 1, a base 2 made of durable dielectric material, a high-frequency connector 3, for example, UHF type, a sleeve 4, for example, aluminum, a central conductor 5 mounted in a high-frequency connector 3, and to the central conductor 5, a metal rod 6 is fixed, and a plug (not shown) is connected to the threaded connection of the latter with a cable (not shown), from the transceiver (not shown), also the antenna consists of leveling screw 7, a resonant circuit, consisting of additionally installed first and second metal spring plates 8 and 9, respectively, an inductor 10, an insulator 11, a cover 12 of a cylindrical body 1 and a metal bracket 13, while the cylindrical body 1 is made of weather-resistant material , which is rigidly installed in the base 2, made of a durable dielectric material, for example, caprolon, with the ability to bear the load of the antenna assembly, and protect its most important components from atmospheres phenomena, for example, wind, precipitation, icing, ultraviolet radiation, etc., high-frequency connector 3, use, for example, UHF brand, sleeve 4 made of aluminum, on which the base 2, high-frequency connector 3, the first metal spring plate are fixed 8 and a metal bracket 13, while a metal rod 6 is fixed to the central conductor 5 by soldering, and a second metal spring plate 9 is connected to the metal rod 6 in the lower part, while the lead 6 is connected to the threaded connection n plug with a cable from the transceiver, the resonant circuit consisting of additionally installed first and second metal spring plates 8 and 9, forming together a variable capacitance, which is adjusted by the adjusting screw 7 installed in the upper part, in a cylindrical housing 1 s the outer side with the possibility of touching inside the first metal spring plate 8 and the inductor 10 made of curled in the lower part of the metal rod 6 into the inductor 10, while the core 11 is made of dielectric material and is installed in the middle inner part of the cylindrical body 1, with the possibility of a linear arrangement of the metal rod 6, the cover 12 is installed hermetically in the upper part of the cylindrical body 1, and the metal bracket 13 is rigidly mounted to the bearing surface, to fix the circular antenna directionality.

The circular antenna is operated as follows.

Complete assembly of the circular antenna is carried out, a cylindrical body 1 made of weatherproof material is taken and rigidly installed in the base 2, for example, by gluing, while the base 2 is made of durable dielectric material, for example, caprolon, with the possibility of bearing the antenna load in collection and protection of its most important components from atmospheric phenomena, for example, wind, precipitation, icing, ultraviolet radiation, etc., high-frequency connector 3, use, for example, the UHF brand, while on the sleeve 4, made oh, aluminum, they fix together the base 2, the high-frequency connector 3, UHF brand, the first metal spring plate 8 and the metal bracket 13, fix the metal rod 6 to the central conductor 5 by soldering, and the plug with the cable from the receiver is connected to the threaded connection of the latter a transmission device, the resonant circuit consisting of additionally installed first and second metal spring plates 8 and 9, forming together a variable capacitance and inductors 10, adjust with an adjusting screw 7, while the insulator 11 made of dielectric material is installed in the inner middle part of the cylindrical body 1, with the possibility of eliminating the movement of the metal rod 6, the cover 12 in the cylindrical body 1 is installed in the upper part, hermetically, and rigidly with a metal bracket 13 they fix the circular antenna to the bearing surface, and at the final stage of antenna assembly, the resonance circuit, consisting of the first and second metal spring plates 8 and 9, which together form a variable capacitance and inductor 10 10, since when the slightest physical impact, for example, during the assembly, on the details of the resonant circuit, the effects lead to a change in the inductance and variable capacitance of the resonant circuit, which in turn, it will lead to a shift in the resonant frequency of the circular antenna and, as a result, to a deviation from the theoretically calculated and declared characteristics, which, in turn, will lead to a decrease radius, unstable operation of transceivers and failure, as well as the design characteristics of the antenna are influenced by many factors, for example, uneven cross-section of the rod; heterogeneity of the materials of the rod, sleeve, dielectrics; an error in the diameter, length and number of inductance turns and so on, but all these errors are controlled by the final tuning of the resonant circuit, then after the assemblies and drying of the structural elements glues are completely assembled, the antenna is connected to a KCB meter, a device that measures the value of the standing wave coefficient (KCB) and output the KCB meter and impedance readings with the adjusting screw 7 to the required readings, then cut the adjusting screw 7 and seal it tightly, then write the readings to the verification log and transfer them to the pass ort product thus obtained omnidirectional antenna corresponds exactly to the stated characteristics, the KCB - is the ratio of the largest value of the amplitude of the electric or magnetic field of the standing wave in the transmission line to the smallest, KCB the better, the closer to unity. KCB is determined by the quality of matching the load, for example, of an antenna with a transmission line (feeder), while the KCB in the transmission line does not depend on the internal resistance of the electromagnetic wave source - generator (not shown in Fig.) And in the case of a linear load on the generator power. The KCB value in a homogeneous transmission line without loss is constant over the entire length of the transmission line and does not depend on its length. KCB affects: Efficiency of the transmission line - load system; maximum value of power transmitted over the line; generator operating mode.

A prototype circular antenna according to the invention was manufactured and tested, as a part of transceiver systems operating at frequencies of 425-445 MHz using the principle of supplying a half-wave emitter from one of its ends, which, as is known, has a sufficiently high input impedance comparable to a high characteristic resistance of a parallel oscillatory circuit (not indicated in FIG.) (see FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5).

The purpose of the test is: to evaluate the operability of a circular antenna, as part of transceiver systems operating at frequencies of 425-445 MHz, cable assembly (connecting antenna cable) N - type (M) / SMA, 5 m, cable RG58.

Test program: checking the operability of the CE 831C1.03 radio modem, which is tuned to the operating frequency of 434,000 MHz in conjunction with the circular antenna of the proposed invention 433-435 MHz. A comparative analysis of the operation of the CE 831C1.03 radio modem is carried out in comparison with the Polaris antenna manufactured by Bester LLC in Voronezh and Polaris 450-6, 433-435 MHz in Yekaterinburg.

Equipment used during the test: A laptop with installed technological software Modem Tools v.1. 4a, the CE 831C1.03 radio modem (serial number 2013 No. 010802071000283), the circular antenna according to the invention 433-435 MHz with cable assembly.

A stand with four counters was installed in the office building: CE 208 C 2 849 JPRQZ (mass address: 371130124547): CE 208 C 2 849 JPRQZ (mass address: 371130123617), CE 303 S34 745 - JR1Q2VZ (mass address: 040227), CE 303 S34 745 - JR1Q2VZ (mass address: 49997), CE 308 C36 746 OPR1.QYVF RP03 (mass address: 100134).

Test conditions. Weather conditions: cloudless, temperature about +10 degrees, stand with counters installed at the window in the office, height above ground level about 15 m.

- the office has a stand with four counters, as described above;

- on the site, the distance to the stand is about 40 m;

- on the site, the distance to the stand is about 150 m;

- on the site, the distance to the stand is about 320 m;

- on the site, the distance to the stand is about 520 m, direct visibility;

- on the site, the distance to the stand is about 600 m, natural disturbances are trees without foliage.

Date and time of testing: 10/25/2017 from 14.15 to 17.00 hours.

CE831C1.03 radio modem serial number: 2013 No. 010802071000283, operating frequency 434.000 MHz, 115200 baud rate. (see Fig. 5, table).

Testing the prototype showed the following technical and mechanical characteristics under operating conditions: increased air humidity of 93% and a temperature not exceeding + 60 ° C; exposure to atmospheric condensed precipitation (hoarfrost and dew); impact of precipitation (rain, snow); exposure to dust.

Technical characteristics of the circular antenna:

Operating frequency range, MHz 425-445 DBi antenna gain, in the 20 MHz band 6.5 Polarization vertical KCB in the operating frequency range, no more 1,5 Input impedance, Ohm fifty Maximum allowable power, W one hundred

Mechanical characteristics of a circular antenna:

In FIG. 2 is given by KCB in the operating frequency range, not more than 1.5; in FIG. 3 gives the gain of the dBi antenna, in the 20 MHz band - 6.5; in FIG. 4 given input impedance, Ohm - 50; in FIG. 5 shows the results of tests of a circular antenna, table.

Thus, the circular antenna has a non-separable design and does not require additional configuration during installation.

Conclusions from the test results:

- the tested circular antenna showed good results in the point-to-point (direct visibility) mode compared to the Polaris antenna manufactured by Bester LLC in Voronezh and Polaris 450-6, 433-435 MHz in Yekaterinburg;

- the tested circular antenna with a frequency of 434.000 MHz with the CE831C1.03 radio modem - showed good results in a radius of 500-600 m relative to the counters, provides stable radio communication at a frequency of 434.000 MHz;

- antennas Polaris, manufactured by Bester LLC, Voronezh and Polaris 450-6, Ekaterinburg, are inferior in technical characteristics to the tested antenna according to the invention. The gain of this antenna is greater than 6 dBi;

- the standing wave coefficient (KCB) was checked by the CAA-500 COMET ANTENNA device at a frequency of 434.007 MHz and is 1.35, which is also a satisfactory parameter, since for antenna-feeder devices this value should be in the range of 1.0-1, 5 units;

- the indicated type of antenna can be used to organize communication over the radio channel at a frequency of 434,000 MHz, for example, when implementing ASKUE projects;

- the antenna presented for testing has optimal overall dimensions, with a working antenna length of 39 cm and an outer shell diameter of 23 mm. The design provides for mounting the antenna to a metal pipe with a diameter of up to 40 mm, as well as to metal surfaces with two holes for the M8 bolt, and the proposed antenna significantly reduces windage during wind loads compared to analogues with an average length of 100.5 cm.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- simplification of the design;

- reduction of windage;

- improving the stability of the main parameters.

Claims (1)

A circular antenna comprising a cylindrical body with a cover, a base, a high-frequency connector, a bush, a central conductor installed in a high-frequency connector, a metal rod, a resonant circuit, an inductor and an arm for fixing to a bearing surface, while a plug is connected to the threaded connection of the metal rod with cable from the transceiver, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with two spring metal plates, an adjusting screw and an insulator, while the base, the high-frequency connector, the first metal spring plate and the bracket are fixed together, and the metal rod at the bottom is curled into the inductor and fixed to the center conductor, while the second metal spring plate is connected to the metal rod at the bottom moreover, the resonant circuit, consisting of additionally installed first and second metal spring plates and inductors, together forms a variable capacitance, with the ability to adjust the adjusting screw, which is installed in the upper part, in the cylindrical case from the outside with the possibility of touching inside the first metal spring plate, followed by trimming from the outside, while the insulator is installed in the middle part inside the case.

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