RU2532724C1 - Transmitting antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electronic equipment, particularly a transmitting antenna structure for radio jamming receiving devices of electronic communication means, data transmission means, electronic and navigation equipment of consumers of network-based medium-altitude satellite navigation systems. The transmitting antenna has a reflecting shield in form of a cylindrical pipe with radiators mounted on its surface at equal distances from the axis of the cylindrical pipe in one plane, perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical pipe, which enable to form a circular beam pattern when interfering signals are transmitted to all radiators at the same time, said interfering signals having the same initial phase of oscillation of the carrier frequency, and forming a sector directed towards the position in the azimuth plane of the beam pattern, said sector having a high energy potential of radiation when interfering signals with given ratios of initial voltages and phases of the carrier frequency are transmitted to the radiators. The cylindrical pipe is involved in both formation of the required beam pattern of the transmitting antenna and providing rejection of the negative effect on beam formation of power cables of the radiating elements.

EFFECT: forming, in the azimuth plane depending on the situation, a beam pattern either maximally close to circular with uniform distribution of energy potential or with a high energy potential in a given sector of radiation of radio frequency interference.

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Description

The invention relates to electronic equipment, in particular, to the design of a transmitting antenna for creating radio interference to receiving devices of electronic communication means, data transmission, electronic and navigation equipment of consumers of network mid-orbit satellite radio navigation systems.

A known station of active interference to ground and airborne communication lines of aviation [1], consisting of a jamming signal transmitter and two interchangeable antennas having different radiation patterns in the horizontal plane. In the absence of a priori information about the direction to the alleged objects of radio suppression, an omnidirectional antenna in the horizontal plane is connected to the interference transmitter. With a known direction to the object of radio suppression, an antenna with a sector radiation pattern is connected to the output of the interference transmitter, which, due to the concentration of radiated power in a given sector, can significantly increase the energy potential of the station and thereby increase the range and efficiency of radio suppression.

The disadvantage of this principle of constructing an interference station, when two different types of antennas are used, is the significant weight and size characteristics of the antenna system and the difficulties associated with installing the antenna system on the antenna mast device of the interference station, as well as the time required to complete the procedure of orienting the antenna to the radio suppression object with sectoral pattern in the interests of creating increased energy radio interference.

Known transmitting antenna [2], consisting of emitters mounted on a bearing flat screen-reflector, power amplifiers, phase shifters and the pathogen.

This transmitting antenna allows the addition in space of the power of coherent electromagnetic waves generated by individual channels of formation - amplification - radiation of radio interference.

The disadvantage of this transmitting antenna is that it has a bearing flat reflector screen and is a directional transmitting antenna, and when the phase ratio on the phase shifters changes, it is able to change the direction angle of the main lobe of the radiation pattern within the bounding angular sector.

A known method of forming a radiation pattern of transmitting devices [3], based on the spatial summation of the radiated power of four transmitting devices, the antenna of which is a phased array (PAR), the transmitters have a common exciter and phase-shifting elements in the lines connecting the exciter with power amplifiers. When placing transmitting antennas at the vertices of a square with a diagonal equal to λ / 2 (λ is the wavelength of the emitted signal) in the absence of phase shifts in the phase-shifting elements, the system has a close to circular radiation pattern. When the phase shifts of the signals of transmitters of the form 0, π / 2, π, 3π / 2 are distributed, the system emits in sectors directed along the diagonals of a square with angular directions tending to the circular shape of the radiation maxima 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °. When the phase shifts of the signals of transmitters of the form 0, π / 2, π / 2, 0 are distributed, the system emits in sectors with angular directions of radiation maxima 45 °, 135 °, 225 °, 315 °.

A significant drawback of the above method of forming the radiation pattern of a given transmitting antenna is that all transmitting elements (masts, power cables, mounting fasteners) falling into the interaction zone of the emitted signals are limited along the perimeter by the sides of the square at the vertices of which the antennas are placed, and in height - their vertical dimensions, distort the antenna patterns and change the balance of the supplied supply currents and induced currents due to radiation from other antennas system.

Antennas with asymmetric power supply (turnstile, pin, collinear) belong to the class of antennas for which there is no need to place any structural elements in the working area of the formation of the emitted field. But all these antennas have a significant drawback - the difficulty of ensuring the stability of the direction of the main radiation lobe in the vertical plane, especially in a wide frequency band.

Symmetrical power antennas (half-wave vibrators, log-periodic antennas with flat and cylindrical reflectors) are preferable from the point of view of stability of characteristics, convenience of power supply and mounting. Such antennas, on the one hand, form a symmetric electromagnetic field concentrated in the area where the vibrators are located, have a higher gain due to the presence of a reflector and are convenient from the point of view of simplifying the design (emitters are mounted directly on the reflector, the antenna power cables are removed from the core beyond reflector screen).

The basis of the invention is the task of eliminating the above disadvantages and creating a transmitting antenna with fast (almost instantaneous) formation and change of the radiation pattern, ensuring operation in the following modes:

- non-directional radiation mode with a circular radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane;

- sector radiation mode with increased energy potential and orientation of the radiation maximum of the sector radiation pattern in one of the specified directions - 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, 315 °.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the reflector screen is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe with emitters fixed on its surface at equal distances from the axis of the cylindrical pipe in one plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical pipe, providing the possibility of forming a circular radiation pattern when applying simultaneously to all emitters interfering signals with the same initial phase of the carrier frequency oscillation and the formation of directional along the position in the azimuthal plane of the diagram torus with increased radiation energy potential when applied to the emitters of jamming signals with a predetermined ratio of the initial voltage and the carrier frequency phase, the cylindrical tube is involved in the formation of a desired diagram of the transmitting antenna, and provides parry negative influence on the formation pattern of the power cables of the radiating elements.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the transmitting antenna, figure 2 shows the radiation pattern during the common-mode power supply of the antenna from four amplifiers, figure 3 shows the radiation pattern of the formation of the radiation lobe in the direction of 0 degrees, figure 4 shows the radiation pattern of the formation of the lobe radiation in the direction of 45 degrees, Fig. 5 shows a table of relations of initial voltages and phases of the carrier frequency of the interfering signal when implementing the procedure for automated control of the radiation pattern Nia, Figure 6 shows a block diagram of the transmitting antenna, realizing initial stress ratio and the carrier frequency phase noise signal in the implementation of automated procedures for managing radiation pattern.

The transmitting antenna consists of a reflector screen in the form of a cylindrical tube 5, emitters 1, 2, 3, 4, power amplifiers 6, 7, 8, 9, a signal delay switching unit 10, containing digital delay lines on high-speed microwave keys 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4 [4], the exciter-driver of the interfering signal 11, the control device 12.

The emitters 1, 2, 3, 4 are mounted on the surface of the reflector screen in the form of a cylindrical pipe 5 in the same plane perpendicular to its axis, at an equal distance from each other, forming a square with diagonals 0.5λ _cp , where λ _cp is the average wavelength of the working range, through the center of which passes the axis of the reflector screen. The diameter of the reflector screen in the form of a cylindrical pipe 5, at which the irregularity of the circular radiation pattern does not exceed 0.25 dB, is equal to 0.2λ _cp , and the distance from the reflector screen in the form of a cylindrical pipe 5 to the emitter 1, 2, 3, 4 is 0.15λ _cp , which corresponds to the recommendations [5] for setting the distance between the emitter and reflector for an antenna with a reflector.

The emitter 1 is connected to a power amplifier 8, the emitter 2 is connected to a power amplifier 7, the emitter 3 is connected to a power amplifier 6, the emitter 4 is connected to a power amplifier 5.

Power amplifiers 6, 7, 8, 9 are connected to a signal delay switching unit 10, in which: a digital delay line on high-speed microwave keys 10-1 at the output is connected to the input of the power amplifier 9, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter-driver of the interfering signal eleven; a digital delay line on high-speed microwave keys 10-2 at the output is connected to the input of the power amplifier 8, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter-driver of the interfering signal 11; a digital delay line on high-speed microwave keys 10-3 at the output is connected to the input of the power amplifier 7, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter-driver of the interfering signal 11; the digital delay line on high-speed microwave keys 10-4 at the output is connected to the input of the power amplifier 6, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter-driver of the interfering signal 11.

The causative driver of the interfering signal 11 is connected to the control unit 12.

The control unit 12 is a microcomputer made on the basis of a modern microcontroller, which is connected by data lines with a target designation source and with all executive devices that provide functions for the implementation of a given radiation mode of the transmitting antenna.

The procedure for forming the radiation pattern is as follows. All power amplifiers 6, 7, 8, 9 are excited by one exciter-driver of the interfering signal 11. The signals emitted by all channels of the transmitting antenna are coherent, and when digital delay lines are connected on high-speed microwave keys 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 , 10-4 and zero delays are in phase. So, to form a circular radiation pattern, the control unit gives the command to turn on all power amplifiers 6, 7, 8, 9 and turns on the same zero delay in all channels. The quality of the formation of a circular radiation pattern depends on the phase in phase and on the specific type of radiation patterns of the individual channels of the transmitting antenna, since radiation in any direction is the sum of the radiation vectors of all channels of the transmitting antenna.

The formation of sector radiation in the 0 ° direction is done by turning off the power amplifier 6. In this case, the system of radiators 1, 2, 3, 4 can be considered as a flat phased antenna array (PAR), consisting of radiators 1, 2, 4 with an offset radiator 1. For the formation of a plane wave in the 0 ° direction, it is necessary to align the phases of the emitters in this direction, that is, to delay the wave emitted by the vibrator 1 by a time equal to the travel time of the wave segment T _ass1 , which can be determined by the formula:

$$T_{s\mathrm{but}d\mathrm{one}}=\frac{0.25\lambda cp}{C}$$

where C is the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in the environment surrounding the vibrators.

The formation of sector radiation in the direction of 45 ° is carried out by turning off the power amplifier 6. In this case, the system of radiators 1, 2, 3, 4 can be considered as a flat phased antenna array (PAR) consisting of radiators 1, 2, 4 with offset radiators 1 and 2. For the formation of a plane wave in the direction of 45 °, it is necessary to align the phases of the emitters in this direction, that is, to hold the wave emitted by the vibrators 1 and 2 for a time equal to the travel time of the wave segment T _ass2 , which can be determined by the formula:

$$T_{s\mathrm{but}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="00000004.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}2}=\frac{0.25\lambda cp\times 1.41}{C}$$

The ratio of the initial voltages and phases of the carrier frequency of the interfering signal for each of the four channels for amplifying the radiation of the interfering signal when implementing the automated radiation pattern control procedure is characterized by Table 1 in FIG. 5.

This technical solution allows you to generate in the azimuthal plane, depending on the situation, the radiation pattern, either as close as possible to a circular one with a uniform distribution of energy potential, or with an increased energy potential in a given sector of radio noise emission.

Literature

1. Russia's Arms and Technologies [Text]: Encyclopedia of the XXI Century / Ed. Ed. S. Ivanova. - M.: Publ. Arms and Technologies House, 20 - T. 13: Control, communications and electronic warfare systems. - 2006 .-- 695 p.: Ill. -Ukaz: p. 690-695.

2. Vendik O.G. Antennas with non-mechanical beam motion: Introduction to theory. M .: Sov. Radio, 1965.360 s.

3. Patent for invention No. 2100879, RU, Method for generating radiation patterns (options), IPC ⁶ H01Q 21/00, published on December 27, 1997.

4. Goncharov I.V. Antennas KB and VHF. Part 1. Computer simulation. MMANA. - M.: RadioSoft IE, Radio Magazine. 2004 - 128 s: ill.

5. Soros Educational Journal, 1997, No. 2.

Claims (1)

A transmitting antenna comprising emitters mounted on a carrier reflector screen, power amplifiers, an exciter-driver of an interfering signal, characterized in that the reflector screen is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe with radiators mounted on its surface in one plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical pipe equal distance from the axis of the cylindrical pipe, providing the possibility of forming a circular radiation pattern when applying simultaneously to all emitters of interference signals with the same initial phase of the oscillation of the carrier frequency and the formation of the directional direction of the radiation sector in the azimuthal plane when the interference signals are fed to the emitters with given ratios of the assigned initial voltages and phases of the carrier frequency, the power amplifiers are connected to a signal delay switching unit, in which: the first digital delay line high-speed microwave keys at the output connected to the first input of the power amplifier, and at the input connected to the output of the pathogen-driver of the interfering signal ala; the second digital delay line on high-speed microwave keys at the output is connected to the second input of the power amplifier, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter-driver of the interfering signal; the third digital delay line on high-speed microwave keys at the output is connected to the third input of the power amplifier, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter-driver of the interfering signal; the fourth digital delay line on high-speed microwave keys at the output is connected to the fourth input of the power amplifier, and at the input it is connected to the output of the exciter-driver of the interfering signal.

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