RU2675554C2 - Method for processing granular materials and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction materials.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a device and method for processing granular materials and can be used in the production of building materials, glass, foundry and chemical industries. Device for processing granular materials includes a loading device and a pipe with a working chamber. Working chamber is made in the form of a vibration load-carrying body supported by dampers and is a pipe made up of two halves interconnected by means of elastic elements. Vibrators are installed on the walls of each of the pipe halves, causing plane-parallel oscillations of the walls relative to each other. Elastic elements are made with rigidity and structural dimensions, providing the magnitude of their deformation in the period of relative convergence of the walls is not less than the magnitude of the working stroke of the walls of the material pipeline chamber.EFFECT: technical result achieved when using a group of inventions is to reduce energy intensity and increase the efficiency of the processing of granular materials.8 cl, 10 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of processing of granular materials by enrichment methods and can be used in the production of building materials, glass, foundry and in the chemical industry.

There are methods for processing granular materials by enriching them, based on the selection of harmful inclusions of materials of excellent material properties from the processed mass using methods of selective grinding of weak differences grains and classification of the processed material by grain size and density, as well as separation of various contaminants from the grain surface of the material with the aim of increase the reactivity of the surface of the grains and enhance the separation characteristics of their mineral components, including x include attrition surface of solid materials the grain to remove fine particles and oxide films and the mechanical activation grain material by mechanical disruption of the continuity of the medium on the surface of a solid grain or the grains by crushing. In this case, mechanical activation can be carried out by grinding with the destruction of the integrity of the grain, i.e. its crushing with cracking of grain into individual particles, and without it, for example, the destruction of the integrity of the exclusively micro- or nanosurface layer of grain by abrasion. In addition, processing, including the enrichment of granular materials in order to give them new qualitative properties, is also carried out by mixing the grains of the material in order to obtain a homogeneous fractional composition of the material [1], dewatering the materials [2], applying liquid or hard coatings to the surface of the grain of the material [ 3].

Known devices [4, 5, 6, 7] that process granular materials and are based on grinding material grains by abrasion of their surface in a vibrating layer of material located in a vibrating grinding chamber, with or without grinding bodies.

The common disadvantages of the above methods and devices for processing granular materials include low intensity and, as a consequence, the efficiency of the process due to the low energy transfer to the treated grain surface from the grains and apparatus working in contact with it due to the fact that the processed material layer is in a loosened state unstressed state.

Note that a positive factor in these methods of processing granular materials is that, along with their grinding, mechanical activation and grinding, the processes of mixing and homogenization of materials are effectively carried out at the same time.

Other methods and devices for processing materials are known, for example, by mixing them, combined with the transportation process, by the peristaltic method [8, 9], in which the mixing and transportation of the material layer is carried out by periodically squeezing the walls of the flexible hose. A feature of this method is that during the period of volume compression of the layer by the mentioned walls of the hose, compressive stresses arise in the layer, causing mutual movement of grains in it, which intensifies the process of mixing particles in the layer.

Significant disadvantages of this method is the high energy intensity of the process of mixing and transportation of the material layer and significant wear of the walls of the material pipe channel due to the significant friction of the material being moved against its walls.

It is known that the most efficient material transportation is carried out by vibrational methods [10].

One of the known methods of vibrational transportation of bulk materials is given in the description of the invention of a vibration conveyor [11], which is a vibro-elevator, in which, as in the peristaltic method, the material is transported by applying periodic compressive forces to the material layer while removing and drawing together vibrating walls interconnected by means of elastic elements two halves of the material pipe providing transportation steeply inclined up to rtikali layer material within the tube channel.

This method of transportation is carried out by feeding material under pressure from the loading device into the material pipe channel formed by two vibrating walls of the conveyor pipe of the vibro conveyor, and serves to transport the material at large angles of inclination of the conveyor up to the vertical.

The disadvantages of the aforementioned method of vibrotransporting the material and the device that implements it are the limited scope of the method - exclusively for the transportation process without taking into account the features of its operation modes for the possibility of combining the transportation process with any technological processes of material processing. Moreover, the process of transporting material can be carried out only steeply inclined up or vertically without the possibility of transporting it in the horizontal direction, or at an inclination down or with a slight inclination of the conveyor pipe of the vibro conveyor up, in addition, the operation of such a vibrator is possible only with the supply of material to the channel of the conveyor pipe of the vibro conveyor under pressure, which not only limits the scope, but also complicates the implementation of this method and increases the energy intensity of Process for transporting material.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention adopted as a prototype is a method of processing non-metallic materials of different strengths [12], which includes loading by feeding the source material into the material pipe channel and processing it during transportation by compressing forces from the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel by compressing forces from the walls of the material chamber, providing periodic compaction and decompression of the material during its processing in order to ensure selective grinding due to the possibility of p zrusheniya differences weak material and discharging the material from the conveyor line.

Essentially, this method is a peristaltic method of grinding granular material, in which the process of destruction of weak grains of material occurs during the volumetric compression of a layer of material by the walls of a flexible channel that brings the layer into a stress state, as a result of which it moves, mixes the material and destroys weak grains more strong grains in the process of abrasion and crushing.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the high energy intensity of the material processing process and the complexity of implementing the method associated with the use of a peristaltic device for acting on the material layer with compressive forces from the walls of the flexible material pipe channel and transporting the material along the material pipe channel, causing increased wear of its walls.

The closest technical solution to the proposed device for the processing of granular materials is the aforementioned device for transporting material upward vertically or steeply [11], containing a vibrating conveyor with a load-carrying member, which is a vertically or steeply inclined pipe, which is essentially a working chamber of the material pipe made up of two halves interconnected by means of elastic elements and mounted on the walls of each of the halves shafts of vibrators acting in the vertical direction in phase with each other and causing oscillations of the halves of the pipe walls relative to each other in the horizontal direction in opposite phases, i.e. essentially antiphase, and a loading device that feeds material under pressure into said vibratory conveyor pipe, the lower end of which is supported through said shock absorbers on said loading device.

As previously noted, the disadvantages of the given vibration conveyor are the limited scope of its application, the mode of operation and design of which do not provide for the combination of the transportation process with any technological processes of material processing. In addition, the device, which is a vibro-lifter, carries out vibrotransport of material only steeply inclined up or vertically without the possibility of transporting the material in the horizontal direction, or tilted down or with a slight inclination of the conveying pipe of the vibro-conveyor up, and the operation of such a vibro-lifter is possible only with the supply of material to the conveying channel vibratory conveyor pipes under pressure, which not only limits the scope, but also complicates the implementation tion of the proposed method of processing granular materials and increases the energy intensity of the process of transportation.

The main task, the solution of which the invention is directed, is to reduce the energy intensity of the process, expand the functionality and scope of the method and device for the effective implementation of the process of processing granular materials.

The problem is achieved using the method, which, like the prototype, consists in the fact that during the processing during transportation of granular materials, the material is loaded, essentially the feed material is fed into the material pipe channel and the material layer is subjected to compressive forces from the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, providing periodic compaction and decompression of the material layer, and unloading of the material from the material pipeline.

In contrast to the prototype, in the proposed method, the processes of transportation and processing of granular materials are carried out by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel in a gaseous or liquid medium with the possibility of processing materials not only by selective grinding of different strength materials, but also by rubbing, mechanical activation, grinding, mixing, coating the surface of grains of fine particles or in the form of a liquid film, classification by grain size materials with the removal of fine particles through the working chamber perforated wall of the device, including the flow of gaseous or liquid medium, as well as materials and other dehydration methods of their processing, based on a method of force action on the layer of material and the air or gas environment. In the proposed method, the process of force acting on the material layer is carried out by periodic volumetric compression by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, which alternately brings the material layer into a stressed and loosened state and causes pulsation of the gas or liquid medium.

This is done by periodically volumetric compression of the specified medium and the granular material layer by the said walls, which perform plane-parallel oscillations relative to each other for any direction of movement along the closed paths of each wall with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions , causing a period of relative convergence of the walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel, compressive stresses in the material layer when it is compacted with a value sufficient to the existence of mixing processes, and / or abrasion of the surface of the grains of the material, and / or destruction by crushing, and during the period of relative removal of the mentioned walls of the material pipe from each other, causing a softening of the layer of material and mixing of its grains, while the removal of the walls should at least be sufficient in order to achieve rearrangement of material grains inside the layer during layer decompression with respect to the state of packing of grains in the layer at the end of the previous period of convergence of the working walls EASURES channel conveyor line, wherein the processing of the material can be carried out not only continuously but in cycles.

Besides:

- the processing of granular materials is carried out with a multiple ratio of the frequency of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber of the channel material pipe;

- the processing of granular materials is carried out with the ability to control the parameters of the process of periodic volumetric compression of a gaseous or liquid medium and a layer of granular material by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, as well as the pressure of the supply pressure of the said medium.

The task is achieved using the proposed device, which, like the device adopted for the prototype [11], contains a loading device and a material pipe, made in the form of a vibration-bearing body resting on shock absorbers, which is essentially a working chamber with a material representing a pipe made up of interconnected by means of elastic elements of two halves and mounted on the walls of each of the halves of the pipe vibrators, causing vibrations of the walls relative to each other.

In contrast to the prototype in the proposed device for implementing the method of processing granular materials with the aim of the possibility of processing granular materials cyclically or continuously, as well as feeding material into the channel of the working chamber of the material pipe from the loading device, not only with pressure, but also by gravity without pressure of the wall of the working chamber of the material pipe channel located horizontally or with an inclination up or down with the possibility of adjusting the angle of their inclination, while the elastic elements are made with rigidity and structural with sizes that ensure the magnitude of their deformation during the period of relative convergence of the mentioned walls, oscillating along closed paths for any direction of movement with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the material pipe channel, not less than the stroke walls of said chamber of the material pipeline, at least equal to the size of compression deformation of the layer of granular material and liquid or gaseous medium corresponding to the beginning of the rearrangement of mother grains Ala in the layer when it is compressed, and during the period of relative removal of the walls from each other, not less than the working stroke of the walls, at least equal to the deformation of the decompression of the material layer and the medium, corresponding to the beginning of the rearrangement of the material grains inside the layer with respect to the state of packing of grains in the layer at the end of the previous period of convergence of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel.

Besides:

- vibrators mounted on the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, made with the excitation of their vibrations with a multiple frequency ratio;

- the walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel and the elastic elements connecting them are made in the form of a closed-loop elastic shell in the cross section of the said channel;

- the design of the material pipe channel is made with a decreasing cross-sectional area in the direction of unloading the material from the material pipe, including with the possibility of adjusting said channel cross-sectional area;

- the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel are installed at an angle in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the material pipe channel, while the walls of the working chamber can be perforated.

The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the scope of the method and device for processing granular materials is expanded, carried out cyclically or continuously in a gaseous or liquid medium by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel by periodically volumetric compression of this medium and a layer of granular material by the said walls, making each other plane-parallel oscillations relative to another for any directions of motion along the closed paths of each of the walls with by a phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, causing compressive stresses in the material layer during compaction of the walls of the working chamber of the material channel of the pipeline when it is compacted with a value sufficient to effect mixing processes and / or surface abrasion grains of material, and / or destruction by crushing, and during the period of relative removal of the mentioned walls of the material pipe from each other, causing a softening of the layer of material and mixing of its grains, p and this value of removal walls must at least be sufficient to achieve at the decompression layer reassembly grains within the layer of material with respect to the packing of the grains in the bed at the end of the preceding period of convergence of the working chamber channel walls conveyor line.

The proposed technical solution allows it to be widely used for the effective implementation of technological processes of processing granular materials by grinding methods, including the selective grinding of multi-strength materials, their grinding, mechanical activation, mixing, coating on the surface of grains of fine particles or in the form of a liquid film, classification by size of granular materials with the removal of small particles through the perforated walls of the working chamber of the device, including the flow of gas heat or liquid medium, as well as dehydration of materials and other methods of their processing, based on the proposed method of force acting on the material layer and the air or gas medium by periodically compressing them with vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, which alternately brings the material layer into a stressed and loosened state and causing a pulsation of the gas or liquid medium, allowing to effectively carry out the process of mixing the material in the processed layer, which is ne of the essential conditions for the implementation of the said granular material processing techniques.

The energy intensity is reduced and the efficiency of the method and device for processing granular materials is improved by intensifying the processing process by applying vibrational effects on the material being processed by the oscillating walls of the working chamber, which perform plane-parallel vibrations relative to each other for any direction along the closed paths of each wall with a relative phase shift in a range from 0 to 2π in both longitudinal and transverse directions. It should be noted that during the oscillations of the walls of the working chamber with their relative phase displacement of magnitude greater than 0 and less than 2π, during their relative approach in the channel of the working chamber of the material pipeline, in addition to normal stresses in a liquid or gaseous medium and in the layer of material, shear stresses arise which significantly activate shear deformations in the layer of processed materials, which allows us to significantly intensify and increase the efficiency of interaction of surfaces on harvested grains.

In the period of relative removal of the mentioned walls of the material pipeline from each other, the layer of granular material is decompressed, accompanied by mixing with the rearrangement of grains in the layer and a change in their contacting surfaces with respect to their state in the previous period of layer compaction in order to prepare the unprocessed surface of each grain for force interaction with other grains at the stage of compression of the layer by the converging walls. This ensures the intensification and improvement of the efficiency of the process of interaction of the contacting surfaces of the processed grains at the stage of its force compression. Also, the active penetration of a gas or liquid medium caused by a change in pressure in the material channel from the action of the vibrating walls of its working chamber has a significant positive effect on increasing the efficiency of the mixing process and rearrangement of grains in the layer during the period of relative removal of the walls of the material pipe channel. This intensifies and increases the efficiency not only of the process of rearrangement of the material grains in the layer, but also of the process of interaction of the contacting surface of the material grains with the gaseous or liquid medium contained in the working chamber.

Ultimately, for the full period of wall oscillations, an intensification of the process of interaction of grains with each other and with a gaseous or liquid medium is ensured, which improves the efficiency of the proposed method of processing materials.

Also, increasing the efficiency of the process of processing granular materials is achieved through the use of a mode of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel with a multiple ratio of their frequencies. This mode of oscillation of the said walls makes it possible to intensify the process of interaction of the grains with each other and with the gaseous or liquid medium surrounding them both during the compaction of the material layer and during its decompression.

The noted factors, intensifying the process of interaction of the oscillating walls with a layer of granular material, provide a significant reduction in the time of the process of processing granular materials, and as a result, a decrease in the energy intensity of the process of processing granular materials by the proposed method and device for its implementation.

Also, reducing the energy consumption of the method and device for its application is achieved due to the possibility of carrying out the technological process of processing granular materials when they are vibrotransported in the horizontal direction, or under an inclination down or under a slight inclination up, which allows the process of loading materials into a working chamber from a loading device by gravity the need to use a special device for pumping material into the channel of the material pipe and special elastic Op connecting conveyor line with its design, and as a consequence, eliminates the extra energy costs for forced injection of the material.

The functionality of the application of the proposed method and device for implementing various technological processes of processing granular materials based on mixing, grinding by grinding or crushing, dehydration, classification, coating on the grain surface of the material and other methods of processing is expanded.

This is achieved by the fact that depending on the purpose of the process of processing granular materials, a certain value of compressive stresses in the material layer is selected when it is compressed by choosing the mode of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, which is provided by adjusting the parameters of the process of periodic volumetric compression of a gaseous or liquid medium and vibrating layer of granular material the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, and also, if necessary, by adjusting the pressure of the supply pressure chilled environment. In addition, to achieve the required modes of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel and providing parameters for their regulation, the stiffness and structural dimensions of the elastic elements of the device connecting the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel provide for the possibility of providing longitudinal and transverse deformation to achieve the working stroke of the walls of the material pipe chamber at least sufficient to achieve a predetermined change in the volume of the material layer during compaction and decompression both during the period of relative convergence of the said walls and during the period of their relative removal in the transverse direction of the material pipe channel in order to achieve rearrangement of the material grains inside the layer with respect to the state of packing of the grains in the layer at the end of the previous period of the wall movement.

In addition, the specified value of the deformation of the said elastic elements ensures the achievement of the necessary relative displacement of the walls in the longitudinal direction of the channel of the material pipe to contribute to the occurrence of shear deformations in the layer of processed materials.

It should be noted that during the continuous process of processing granular materials, the proposed method and device provides for the transportation of the layer of the processed material steeply upward up to the vertical with loading of the material into the working chamber of the material pipe channel under pressure, and horizontally or at a slight angle of inclination up or down when loading material into the working chamber by gravity with the ability to adjust this angle, which also extends the functionality of the proposed method and equipment for its implementation.

The application of the proposed set of essential features in the method of processing granular materials and the device for its implementation allows to obtain a new technical result, which consists in increasing efficiency, reducing energy intensity, expanding the functionality and scope of the method and device for processing granular materials during technological processes of their processing by grinding including selective grinding of various strength materials, their rubbing, mechanoactive mixing, coating, coating the surface of grains from fine particles or in the form of a liquid film, grading by size of granular materials with the removal of small particles through the perforated walls of the working chamber of the device, including the flow of a gaseous or liquid medium, as well as dehydration of materials and other methods their processing, based on the proposed method of force acting on the material layer and the air or gas medium by periodic volumetric compression by vibrating walls whose chamber is the channel of the material pipeline, which alternately brings the material layer into a stressed and loosened state and causes pulsation of the gas or liquid medium, which allows efficiently mixing the material in the processed layer, which is one of the essential conditions for the implementation of the above-mentioned methods of processing granular materials.

This is achieved by the fact that cyclic or continuous processing of granular materials is carried out in a gaseous or liquid medium by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel by periodically volumetric compression of this medium and a layer of granular material by the said walls, which perform plane-parallel oscillations relative to each other for any direction of movement along closed trajectories of each of walls with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π in both longitudinal and transverse directions, during the period of relative convergence of the walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel, compressive stresses in the material layer when it is compacted by a value sufficient to carry out mixing processes and / or abrasion of the grain surface of the material and / or destruction by crushing them, and during the period of relative removal of the mentioned material pipe walls away from each other, causing the layer of material to soften and mix its grains, while the amount of wall removal should at least be sufficient so that when nenii achieve reassembly layer of grains within the layer of material with respect to the packing of the grains in the bed at the end of the preceding period of convergence of the working chamber channel walls conveyor line.

With this method of influencing the material layer by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel during the compaction period of the layer, the shear deformation of the granular material layer is also activated and the gas or liquid medium penetrates inside it, caused by a change in pressure in the material pipe channel from the action of the vibrating walls during the layer softening period, which provides a significant intensification of the mixing process and enhancing the interaction of the contacting grains with each other and with gaseous sludge and liquid medium, which increases the efficiency of processing granular materials.

In addition, the intensification and increasing the efficiency of the process of processing granular materials is achieved by using the mode of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel with a multiple ratio of their frequencies, activating the process of interaction of the grain surface with each other and with a gaseous or liquid medium surrounding them. Also, the intensification and efficiency of the material processing process is positively affected by the use of plane-parallel oscillations of each of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel with different directions of their movement along closed paths with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

The noted factors that intensify the process of interaction of the surface of the grains of the material with each other also provide a significant reduction in the energy intensity of the process of processing granular materials.

Reducing the energy intensity of the proposed method and device for its implementation is also achieved due to the possibility of carrying out the technological process of processing granular materials when they are vibrotransported in the horizontal direction, either under an inclination down or under a slight inclination up, which allows the process of loading materials into a working chamber from a loading device by gravity without additional energy costs for its forced injection. The latter also provides a simplification of the design of the device for implementing the proposed method without the need for a special device for pumping the material into the material pipe channel and special elastic supports connecting it to the material pipe structure.

The expansion of the functionality of the method and device for processing granular materials is provided by the ability to control the parameters of the process of periodic volumetric compression of a gaseous or liquid medium and a layer of granular material by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, as well as the pressure of the supply pressure of the medium, which allows the use of the aforementioned method and device for various technological processes. In addition, with the continuous process of processing granular materials in the method, it is possible to transport a layer of the processed material in any direction with the possibility of its regulation, which also expands its functionality and the scope of the device for implementing the proposed method.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- in FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a device for processing granular materials, which shows a working chamber of a material pipe channel mounted on a fixed base and connected to a loading device for feeding materials into said channel;

- in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device (the section is taken along the line A-A), which shows one of the possible designs of the cross section of the working chamber of the material pipe channel with concave walls connected by flexible inserts;

- in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device (the section is taken along line A-A), which shows one of the possible designs of the cross section of the working chamber of the material pipe channel with walls, one of which is flat and the other is grooved;

- in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the device (the section is taken along the line A-A), which shows one of the possible designs of the cross section of the working chamber of the material pipe channel in the form of a closed-loop elastic shell enclosed between the two walls of the working chamber;

- in FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of connecting to a working chamber a material pipe channel of a loading device for feeding materials into it through a wall of a working chamber and a pipe for introducing into it a gaseous or liquid medium through an end wall of the working chamber;

- in FIG. 6 is an example of working chambers connected to each other by a flexible insert, forming a single channel of a material pipeline;

- in FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a working chamber of a material pipe channel, the walls of which are made with holes and provided with a discharge neck for removing liquid, gases, or granular materials from the working chamber;

- in FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the device (the section is taken along the line A-A), which shows one of the possible designs of the cross section of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, providing direction of compressive forces at an angle in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the material pipe channel;

- in FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section through interconnected working chambers forming a single material pipe channel, and a material pipe with examples of working chamber structures whose channels are made with a decreasing cross-sectional area in the direction of unloading the material from the material pipe channel;

- in FIG. 10 - the position of the walls of the working chamber of the channel of the material pipeline in the modes of their plane-parallel synchronous vibrations with different relative phase shifts and directions of motion of these walls along closed paths.

A device for processing granular materials in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, consists of a working chamber 1, forming a channel of the material pipeline and consisting of two walls 2 and 3, interconnected by elastic elements 4 and a flexible insert 5, which prevents spilling of material from the working chamber. The working chamber 1 through elastic shock absorbers 6 is connected to a fixed base. In an alternative design, the working chamber 1 can be suspended on elastic shock absorbers from a fixed frame. Walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 can be located both horizontally and with a slope or slope at an angle α to the horizontal. The elastic elements 4 can be made in the form of cylindrical springs, pneumatic, rubber or polyurethane shock absorbers or other elastic devices having rigidity and structural dimensions that allow them to deform in the longitudinal and transverse directions to ensure that each wall of the working chamber oscillates in closed paths for any their direction of movement with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the material pipe channel with reaching emoy stroke value of said walls transversely conveyor line camera channel as in their relative convergence, and at their relative distance.

One or two unbalanced vibrators 7 and 8 can be mounted on the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber, as shown in FIG. 1. In an alternative design, the design of the vibrators may be of a different type, for example, eccentric, pneumatic, etc.

Walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 are connected through a flexible insert 9 with a loading device 10 for supplying source material to the working chamber channel in the design shown in FIG. 1. Also, the loading device 10 can be connected through a flexible insert 9 with only one wall 2 of the working chamber 1, as shown in FIG. 5. In the present description of the apparatus for processing granular materials in FIG. 5, as in all other figures, the structural elements of the working chambers of a similar functional purpose are denoted by the same positions.

The boot device 10, as shown in FIG. 1 and 5, may be equipped with an adjustment device 11 for changing the feed rate of the source material. In another embodiment (Fig. 6), the loading device 10 can be rigidly fixed to the wall 2 of the working chamber 12 and in this case can oscillate together with the said wall.

To the wall 2 and / or 3 of the working chamber in any convenient place, for example as shown in FIG. 1 and 5, a nozzle 13 can be connected for introducing gaseous or liquid or medium into the channel of the working chamber of the material pipeline. The nozzle 13 may be equipped with an adjusting device 14 for changing the rate of supply of gaseous or liquid medium to the working chamber 1. Also, a device 15 can be connected to the working chamber 1 at any convenient place to remove the spent gaseous or liquid medium from it, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 and 7.

In the material pipeline both in the area of material unloading from it, for example, through the outlet pipe 16 (Fig. 1), and in any other place along the length of the material pipe, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, a device 17 can be installed to control the cross-sectional area of the material pipe channel to provide a change in the rate of movement of the material in said channel. The design of the device 17 may be different, for example in FIG. 1 and 7, the device 17 is made in the form of a shutter. Also, in order to provide an increase in the compressive forces transmitted by the walls 2 and 3 to the material layer, the channel shape of the working chamber can be made with a decrease in its cross-sectional area, for example, as shown for working chambers 18 and 19 in FIG. 9. In this case, the working chamber 18 (Fig. 9) can perform the function of a loading device with forced feeding of material into the working chamber 19 of the material pipe channel, and can also simultaneously process, for example, grinding, granular material. Note that the oscillations of the walls of the working chamber 18 can be carried out in the direction of convergence of the said walls as strictly in the vertical direction in the plane of the figure of FIG. 9, and in any other direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the material pipe channel. Such oscillations are achieved, for example, by choosing the corresponding relative phase shift of the oscillations of the walls of the working chamber excited by the vibrators, similar to how this is done when choosing the modes of vibration of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel shown in FIG. 10, the description of which is given below.

The walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber can have a different design, for example, they can be made flat, concave, as shown in FIG. 2, 3, 4 or have a different shape.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows an example of the construction of the cross section of the working chamber channel formed by walls 2 and 3 of a concave configuration, mounted relative to each other with a gap δ, which excludes the contact of the said walls during their relative vibrations. Walls 2 and 3 are interconnected by elastic elements 4, which serve to ensure the magnitude of the stroke when the walls oscillate with respect to each other. Also, the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber are interconnected by flexible inserts 5, designed to prevent spillage of the processed granular material through the gap δ from the channel channel of the material pipe.

An alternative embodiment of the cross section of the working chamber channel is shown in FIG. 3, where the wall 3 is made in the form of a gutter, and a flat wall 2 is installed between its walls with a gap δ. Wall 2 in cross section may have a convex, concave, or other shape. Partitions 20 with flexible inserts 21 can be installed on the wall 3 of the working chamber, preventing emissions of the processed material into the environment. Walls 2 and 3 are interconnected by elastic elements 4, which serve to ensure the magnitude of the stroke when the walls oscillate with respect to each other.

Another construction of the cross section of the working chamber channel is shown in FIG. 4, which is made in the form of an elastic shell 22 having a closed loop in the cross section of the material pipe channel and having flexibility in its longitudinal and transverse directions. In the above design of the working chamber, the function of the working walls is performed by the elastic shell 22. To the elastic shell 22 can be attached vibrators 7 and 8; for example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, an elastic shell 22 is placed between two walls 2 and 3, to which vibrators 7 and 8 are attached. Such a design of the working chamber allows the elastic shell 22, together with the elastic elements 4 connecting the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber, to perform a function to ensure a given vibration mode of the said walls relative to each other. With a certain rigidity of the elastic shell 22 both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the channel of the working chamber of the material pipe, the elastic elements 4 connecting the walls of the working chamber can be eliminated. The elastic shell 22 can be made of any elastic material, for example, polyurethane, rubber, etc.

In contrast to the designs of the working chambers, the sections of which are shown in FIG. 2, 3 and 4, the working chamber shown in FIG. 8, has a cross section of the channel formed by the walls 2 and 3 located at an angle β to the horizontal, which can have different values in the range from 0 to 90 °, which makes it possible to ensure the direction of compressive forces at an angle to the horizontal in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the channel pipeline material.

The material pipe channel can be composed of several interconnected working chambers, the wall vibration parameters of which can vary, which makes it possible to carry out several different processes for processing granular materials in one material pipe channel. As an example of the design of a single channel of a material pipe formed by two working chambers, the structures shown in FIG. 9, which shows two working chambers 18 and 19, interconnected by a flexible insert 9, and FIG. 6, where working chambers 12 and 23 connected by a flexible insert 9 are shown.

In FIG. 7 shows a design variant of the working chamber, the walls 2 and 3 of which are made with perforation 24 for the possibility of removing moisture or gases from the processed material or for carrying out the classification process by the size of the material. This working chamber can be equipped with a discharge neck 25 with a device 14 for removing gaseous or liquid medium from it, as well as a pipe 13 equipped with an adjustment device 14 for changing the rate of supply of gaseous or liquid medium to the working chamber 1.

The design of the material pipeline, its working chambers and the elastic elements connecting the walls of the said chambers are not limited to the options described above, which are given here in order to emphasize that the elastic elements have rigidity and structural dimensions that provide the value of their deformation, which allows to achieve the required the magnitude of the working stroke of the walls of the aforementioned chamber during periods of their relative approach and removal in the process of oscillation of the walls along closed paths in any direction movements with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the material pipe channel, as well as the fact that the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel are horizontal or inclined up or down with the possibility of adjusting their angle of inclination.

The implementation of the claimed method and the operation of the device for the continuous processing of granular materials is as follows.

The source granular material, together with gaseous or liquid medium or without them, is fed into the working chamber 1 of the channel material pipe from the loading device 10 (Fig. 1 and 5).

In this case, the supply of granular material and the mentioned media can be carried out both by gravity (under the action of gravitational forces), and with forced pressure. At the same time, the rate of supply of materials by gravity or forced pressure is controlled by using the adjusting device 11. As the granular material and the mentioned media enter the loading zone of the channel space limited by walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1, this space zone is filled with material, and under the influence of the vibrations of walls 2 and 3, gravitational and inertial forces of the material, the process of vibrotransporting the material layer along the mother channel is carried out loprovoda. Note that a separate input of a gaseous or liquid medium into the working chamber 1 can be carried out through a pipe 13, if necessary equipped with an adjustment device 14 for regulating the pressure head of the supply of these media, simultaneously with the feed from the loading device 10 of the original granular material into the said chamber 1.

The vibrotransportation process is carried out by exposing the material to be processed by the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 (Fig. 1), which perform plane-parallel vibrations relative to each other along closed paths with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions and such oscillations can be carried out both in the pre-resonance and in the resonance modes. With such fluctuations, walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber during the period of their relative rapprochement compress the layer of granular material located in the space between them and then during the period of their relative removal from each other by the said walls, a micro-roll of the layer is carried out along the channel of the material pipeline. The sequential alternation of the described periods of exposure of the oscillating walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 to the material layer leads to its continuous vibrotransport along the material pipe channel with subsequent unloading of the material from the said channel through the pipe 16. Such a process of vibrotransport of the material layer can be carried out both in the horizontal direction and under tilting up or down, depending on the location of walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1. When transporting a layer of material downhill for this process c affects not only the vibration parameters of walls 1 and 2 of the working chamber, but also gravitational forces that increase the rate of movement of the material layer along the channel of the material pipeline.

The degree of filling of the space of the working chamber 1 and the material pipeline as a whole and the rate of transportation of the material layer is determined by the vibration parameters of the walls 2 and 3 of the said working chamber, the angle of inclination of the working chamber to the horizontal and the size of the passage section of the material pipe channel, which can be adjusted, for example, by device 17. Also, device 17 allows you to adjust the speed of the outflow of material from the working chamber 1 and, accordingly, change the time of the material processing process. Adjusting the vibration parameters of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber, the angle of inclination of the working chamber and the size of the passage section of the material pipe channel allows you to control the frequency and magnitude of the periodic volumetric compression of a gaseous or liquid medium and a layer of granular material by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, and ultimately control qualitative characteristics of the process of processing granular materials.

During the continuous process, the processing of the granular material and its transportation are carried out by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel by periodically volumetric compression of this medium and the granular material layer by the said walls, which perform plane-parallel vibrations relative to each other for any direction along the closed paths of each wall with a relative phase shift in in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions, causing during the period of relative convergence The walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel compressive stresses in the material layer when it is compacted by a value sufficient to carry out mixing processes and / or abrasion of the grain surface of the material and / or their destruction by crushing, and during the period of relative removal of the said material pipe walls from each other, causing decompression layer of material and mixing of its grains, while the amount of removal of the walls should at least be sufficient so that during decompression of the layer to achieve recomposition and grains within the layer of material with respect to the packing of the grains in the bed at the end of the preceding period of convergence of the walls of the working chamber channel conveyor line.

Features of the oscillation parameters of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 will be given by the example of the use of unbalanced vibrators 7 and 8, shown in FIG. 10, where vibration modes of horizontally located walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel are shown, which perform plane-parallel synchronous oscillations along closed paths with different directions of motion along them with a relative phase shift ε = 0, ± π, -π / 2, -π / 4. The oscillations of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 are transmitted from the unbalanced vibrators 7 and 8 installed on each of them, and each of the walls of the working chamber moves in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the material pipe channel in phase with a disturbing force transmitted to it by the vibrator. The direction of rotation of the unbalances 26 and 27 is indicated by the value of σ _i , taking the value +1 when the unbalance of the vibrator mounted on the i-th wall of the working chamber rotates clockwise, and -1 when the unbalance is rotated counterclockwise (i = 1 corresponds to the top, and i = 2 - bottom wall of the working chamber). Oscillation modes of the walls of the working chamber of a material pipe channel with the same phase shift ε differ significantly only if they have opposite signs of the product σ ₁ ⋅ σ ₂ . Otherwise, they differ from each other only in the direction of transportation of the layer of processed material.

In the general case, the options for the positions of the unbalances relative to each other and the direction of their rotation, and as a result, the relative motion of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 relative to each other can be an infinite number. Therefore, here, in order to explain the essence of the possible movements of the mentioned walls 2 and 3 and their practical significance for the intensification of the processing of granular materials by the proposed method, we restrict ourselves to considering the simplest eight modes of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber, shown in FIG. 10. Moreover, for the selected eight modes of wall vibrations, we will consider the position of the unbalance of the vibrators only at regular intervals during one period of oscillation of the walls.

,

и

отображающие соответственно работу деформации при сжатии слоя в вертикальном направлении, работу деформации при осуществлении сдвиговой деформации слоя и скорость транспортирования слоя материала, характеризующая транспортную производительность устройства:To estimate the parameters of processing a layer of granular material for each of these modes, we introduce dimensionless quantities

,

and

respectively showing the work of deformation during compression of the layer in the vertical direction, the work of deformation during shear deformation of the layer and the speed of transportation of the material layer, which characterizes the transport performance of the device:

- безразмерные сжимающие напряжения в слое,

- безразмерный коэффициент трения скольжения слоя материала о поверхности нижнего и верхнего рабочих органов;

,

- безразмерные координаты i-й стенки рабочей камеры,

,

- безразмерные амплитуды колебаний упомянутых стенок в проекциях на оси x и y (i=1, 2), α₁=σ₁ωt, α₂=σ₂(ωt+ε) - угловые координаты дебалансов вибраторов; ω - частота вращения дебалансов, t - время;

,

- безразмерные относительные перемещения стенок рабочей камеры; t₁, t₂ - моменты начала и окончания процесса сжатия слоя, который соответствует условию

и действует в течение одного периода колебании стенок рабочей камеры. При вычислении скорости транспортирования по формуле (3) для упрощения пояснения принято, что слой материала в период его сжатия не проскальзывает относительно рабочих органов.Where

- dimensionless compressive stresses in the layer,

- dimensionless coefficient of sliding friction of the material layer on the surface of the lower and upper working bodies;

,

- dimensionless coordinates of the i-th wall of the working chamber,

,

- dimensionless vibration amplitudes of the walls in the projections on the x and y axis (i = 1, 2), α ₁ = σ ₁ ωt, α ₂ = σ ₂ (ωt + ε) are the angular coordinates of the vibrators unbalances; ω is the unbalance rotation frequency, t is time;

,

- dimensionless relative displacement of the walls of the working chamber; t ₁ , t ₂ - the moments of the beginning and end of the process of compression of the layer, which corresponds to the condition

and acts for one period of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber. When calculating the transportation speed by the formula (3), to simplify the explanation, it is assumed that the layer of material during its compression does not slip relative to the working bodies.

In the table. 1 shows the results of calculations of the indicated values for each of the vibration modes of the walls of the working chamber shown in FIG. 10.

Mode 1, corresponding to the antiphase vibrations of the material pipe channel walls in the transverse and in-phase in the longitudinal directions, is characterized by the most intensive compression of the material and the highest rate of its transportation, as well as the practically no shear deformation of the material layer compared to modes 2-8.

Mode 2, corresponding to the antiphase vibrations of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel in the transverse and longitudinal directions, is characterized by the most intensive compression and shear deformation of the material layer compared to modes 2-8, however, its transportation with a horizontal arrangement of the walls of the working chamber is not provided. To carry out the transportation of the material layer in this mode, it is necessary to position the working chamber of the material pipe channel with an inclination up or down, in which the material will move under the action of gravity towards the lowest located part of the working chamber. The horizontal location of the working chamber of the material pipe channel allows you to use this mode for the cyclic processing of granular materials, and the inclined mode for their continuous processing.

In the FIGS. 10 modes 3 and 5, corresponding to the relative phase shifts of the oscillations of the channel walls of the material pipe ε = -π / 2 and ε = -π / 4, at the same time compression, shear deformation and transportation of the material layer to the left side are carried out.

In modes 4 and 6, as in mode 2, compression and shear deformation of the material layer without its transportation are carried out, however, the intensity of the layer deformation processes is lower.

In modes 7 and 8, both walls of the working chamber move as one solid body; therefore, the processing of a layer of material by compression or shear, as well as its transportation when indicated in FIG. 10 horizontal arrangement of the walls of the working chamber is missing.

As noted, modes 1-8 shown in FIG. 10 do not exhaust all possible types of synchronous oscillations of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, which can be carried out with any other values of the relative phase shift ε in the range from 0 to 2π.

Thus, by assigning the corresponding relative phase shift of synchronous oscillations of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel in the range from 0 to 2π, both longitudinal and transverse directions provide effective processing parameters for granular materials. In addition, fluctuations in the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel can be carried out with a multiple ratio of their frequencies in order to further intensify the process of processing granular materials, and as a result, increase its efficiency.

Note that when using only one vibrator 7 or 8 installed on one of the walls 2 or 3 of the working chamber 1 of the material pipe channel, processing and transportation of the material can be carried out only with strictly in-phase or antiphase synchronous vibrations of the mentioned walls in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The above allows to simplify the design of the device for processing granular materials, but at the same time limits its scope.

Based on the above modes of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber, material processing is achieved based on periodic volumetric compression with compaction of a layer of granular material and a gaseous or liquid medium contained in the channel of the working chamber of the material pipeline and decompression of a layer of granular material in which mixing, abrasion and destruction of grains of material by crushing.

Mixing of granular materials, including with a gaseous or liquid medium, is carried out by creating, during a period of relative convergence of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1, the channel of the material pipeline of compressive stresses in the layer of the processed material when it is compacted by a value sufficient to rearrange the grains of the material inside the compressible material layer. In this period, the movement of grains relative to each other occurs, accompanied by a change in the points of their contacts with each other, as well as the displacement of a gaseous or liquid medium from the volume of the material layer. In the period of relative removal of the said walls, the material layer is decompressed, accompanied by its loosening and a decrease in the number of grain contacts with each other until they completely disappear under certain vibration modes of the said walls, which provides even more active mixing of the grains in the material layer in a gradually increasing volume of the working channel cameras. In addition, with the relative distance of the walls from each other, a rarefaction of a gaseous or liquid medium occurs in the volume of the material pipe channel, causing this medium to move both along the channel and across, including the passage of this medium through the layer of granular material, which intensifies the process of moving grains inside the layer , and therefore its mixing. During periods of approach and removal, the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber also move relative to each other in the longitudinal direction, causing the occurrence of shear deformations of the gaseous or liquid medium and the layer of the processed material, intensifying the process of mixing its grains. The process of alternating the described periods of exposure of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 to the material layer, which is realized, for example, in the mode 2 of oscillation of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1, shown in FIG. 10, leads to the active mixing of grains in the layer of material with the formation of a homogeneous mixture of mixed components.

The process of abrasion of the grain surface of the processed materials is carried out simultaneously with the previously described process of mixing the grain of the material in the layer, but for effective abrasion of the grain surface, a more intense vibration mode of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 of the material pipe channel should be established, during which during the relative approach of the walls of the working chamber the channel of the material pipeline, compressive stresses in the layer are achieved when it is compacted with a value sufficient to abrade the surface of the grains material when moving relative to each other. From those shown in FIG. 10 modes of oscillation of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber of the material pipeline are the most effective that provide the layer with the highest level of shear stresses in it, leading to more intense abrasion of the surface of the grain of the material from the action of the contacting grains in the volume of the material layer with each other and from the action on the grains of the material of the surfaces of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipeline. In particular, the preferred mode of vibration of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe for carrying out the abrasion process is the vibration mode 2 shown in FIG. 10.

The described process of processing granular materials by abrasion of the surface of its grains by periodically volumetric compression and loosening of a layer of granular material by the vibrating walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber can also be effectively used to carry out enrichment processes by grinding the surface of grains from contaminants and their mechanical activation.

The process of destruction of grains of processed materials by crushing, essentially crushing, is carried out simultaneously with the previously described processes of mixing and abrasion of grains of material in the layer, but in comparison with the vibration modes of walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 of the material pipe used for the two indicated processes, for effective crushing of grains a more intense mode of oscillation of the said walls should be established, in which, during the period of their relative rapprochement, volume compression of the material layer occurs and the occurrence of compressive stresses in it during its compaction with a value sufficient for fracture by crushing the integrity of the grains of the crushed material.

In the mentioned period of approach, the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber can also move relative to each other in the longitudinal direction and thereby cause the action of shear stresses in the layer of granular material. Such an effect of the oscillating walls on the material layer makes it possible to cause a complex stress state in it, which further contributes to the destruction of its grains by crushing.

In particular, the preferred mode of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe for the implementation of the process of crushing grains of material is the mode of oscillation 2, shown in FIG. 10. This mode is especially effective when it is used for grinding different strength materials, in which the process of destruction of weak grains of material occurs during the relative approximation of the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, accompanied by the occurrence of compressive stresses in the material layer when it is compacted with a value sufficient for grinding grains of weak differences of material. As a result of this effect, the destruction of weak grains by stronger grains in the process of their abrasion and crushing is carried out in the material layer.

Also, the proposed method of processing granular materials in a gaseous or liquid medium by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel by periodically volumetric compression of this medium and a layer of granular material by the said walls, performing plane-parallel vibrations relative to each other for any direction along the closed paths of each wall with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions, can be effectively used for processes of processing granular materials, for example, such as dehydration, applying hard or liquid coatings to the surface of grains, mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic classification of granular materials and other processes based on the application of the proposed method for influencing the material layer to be treated.

The application of the proposed method of processing granular materials for coating the surface of grains of the processed material is carried out simultaneously with the previously described process of mixing grains in a layer of material.

The coating process in the form of a liquid film on the surface of the processed grains is effected by the vibrating walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1, in which, during the period of relative removal, the said walls 2 and 3 provide a softening of the layer of the processed material, causing the liquid to be applied to it in the volume of the material pipe channel, under the influence of which the mentioned liquid penetrates into the material layer and wetting the grains of the processed material with it.

The process of applying a solid substance to the grain surface of the material, for example in the form of a granular medium, preferably with softer grains relative to the grains of the processed material, is carried out by the action of the vibrating walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1, causing a volume compression of the layer located in the working chamber 1 during the period of relative approach granular material and the medium applied to it, providing the occurrence of compressive stresses in them with a value sufficient to form strong adhesive bonds between overhnostyami grains of material to be processed and applied to these substances.

The loading of a substance applied to the surface of the material to be processed in the form of liquid or granular medium into the working chamber can be carried out through the nozzle 13 separately from the processed granular material coming from the loading device 10. At the same time, the rate of supply of liquid into the said working chamber can be adjusted using the adjusting device 14 or loose medium.

A practical application of the method of applying hard coatings to the grains of the processed material, for example, can be the process of obtaining high-quality dry construction mixtures, based on the fact that cement is introduced into the layer when quartz sand is loaded into the working chamber, which is mixed with sand grains under the influence of the aforementioned vibrating walls and, therefore, lower hardness of its particles is rubbed on the surface of solid sand grains. Note that this method of coating quartz sand grains with cement in the production of dry building mixtures is more efficiently carried out with a more intense action of the vibrating walls on the cement layer with sand, during which some grinding by grinding of cement grains occurs, accompanied by applying it to the surface of the sand grains, i.e. . At the same time, processes of selective grinding, mechanical activation of cement grains and its application to the surface of sand grains are carried out.

The application of the proposed method of processing granular materials for the dehydration or washing of granular material is carried out similarly to the previously described process of mixing the grains of material in the layer by creating compressive stresses in the material layer located in the space between the walls 2 and 3 of the working chamber 1 of the material conduit channel , when it is compacted with a value sufficient to squeeze out excess moisture from the material layer with its subsequent removal from the working chamber the material pipeline through perforation 24 in the said walls (Fig. 7) or by removing moisture by draining it from the channel of the material pipeline transporting the granular material at an angle α upward, inclined upward at an angle α, as shown in FIG. 5.

The application of the proposed method for the processing of granular materials for the process of their classification by size is carried out similarly to the processes described above. At the same time, the process of grading granular materials by size is carried out in the working chamber 1 of the material pipe channel (Fig. 7), similar to the well-known process of screening granular materials on vibrating screens, carried out by passing fine fractions contained in the starting material through sieve openings with a particle size smaller than the size of the sieve openings . In the working chamber 1 (Fig. 7), the function of the vibrating screen is performed by the perforated vibrating wall 3, which together with the wall 2 periodically brings the layer of material from the dense to the loosened state, and under the influence of gravitational forces, small particles passing through the loosened layer fall out through the holes of the perforated wall 3 from said chamber 1. Note, however, that this classification process of granular material can be intensified by the additional action of a liquid or gaseous medium on said fine particles. particles of granular material for more intensive removal of these particles from the layer and the working chamber 1. The flow of liquid or gaseous medium into the working chamber 1 (Fig. 7) and the passage of this medium through the layer of granular material can be carried out, for example, through a perforated wall 2 or through a perforated wall 3, and accordingly, the removal of this stream of small particles from the chamber 1 will occur through the perforation of the wall 2 or 3. Supply to the working chamber 1 (Fig. 7) and the removal from it of a stream of liquid or gaseous medium can be carried out through the pipe 13 or device 15.

In a cyclic method of processing granular materials, the process is carried out without transporting the processed material, in which the steps of loading a portion of the source material and, if necessary, a gaseous or liquid medium into the working chamber of the material pipe channel, sequentially processing them by the oscillating walls of the working chamber for the required time and unloading the processed servings of material and media mentioned. After unloading the material from the working chamber, the next cycle of material processing is performed in the same sequence. Preferred modes of oscillation of the walls of the working chamber during cyclic processing of granular materials can be modes 2 or 6, shown in FIG. 10.

The processes described above that illustrate the application of the proposed method for the processing of granular materials and devices for its implementation do not exhaust the possibility of practical application of the method for other processes not specified here, which can be carried out on the basis of the use of essential features of the proposed formula of the present invention, which mainly include the impact on the processed material by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the channel material pipe, making plane-parallel oscillations relative to each other for any direction of movement along the closed paths of each wall with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the creation of compressive stresses in the material layer during the period of the relative approach of the walls of the working chamber at its compaction with a value sufficient to carry out a specific process of processing granular materials, and providing a value for the removal of said walls during the period of their relative removal d from each other, sufficient to achieve the rearrangement of the grains of the material inside the layer when it is uncompressed with respect to the state of packing of grains in the layer at the end of the previous period of convergence of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. USSR, copyright certificate No. 1586764: IPC B01F 13/02, decl. 03.24.1986, publ. 08/23/1990.

2. USSR, copyright certificate No. 806072: IPC B01D 43/00, decl. 07/23/1976, publ. 02/23/1981.

3. EA, patent EA008054 (B1): IPC C04B 20/12, C04B 41/48, C09D 5/28, claimed. 08/25/2006; publ. 02/27/2007.

4. RF patent №2501608: IPC В02С 19/00, decl. 02/06/2012, publ. 12/20/2013.

5. RF patent No2053856: IPC В02С 19/16, decl. 03/17/1993, publ. 02/10/1996.

6. RF patent №2319547: IPC В02С 19/00, decl. 06/08/2006, publ. 03/20/2008.

7. USSR, copyright certificate No. 1243818: IPC V02C 19/16, decl. 06/28/1983, publ. 07/15/1986.

8. USSR, copyright certificate No. 76162: IPC F04B 45/08, E04G 21/02, decl. 07/09/1948, publ. 01/01/1949.

9. RF patent No. 201633: IPC F04B 43/12, declared 06/26/1992, publ. 07/15/1994.

10. Vibrations in technology: a reference book in 6 volumes. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1978. T. 1. Vibration processes and machines. 509 p.

11. USSR, copyright certificate No. 146235: IPC B65G 27/26, decl. 07/08/1961, publ. 01/01/1962. - prototype device.

12. USSR, copyright certificate No. 1715414: IPC V02C 19/00, decl. 05/18/1988, publ. 02/28/1992. - a prototype of the method.

Claims (8)

1. A method of processing granular materials, including loading by feeding the source material into the material pipe channel, exposing the material layer to compressive forces from the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, providing periodic compaction and decompression of the material during processing, and unloading the material from the material pipe, characterized in that cyclic or continuous processing of granular materials is carried out in a gaseous or liquid medium by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the channel of the mat rial pipeline by periodic volumetric compression of this medium and a layer of granular material by the said walls, which perform relative parallel to each other plane-parallel vibrations for any direction of movement along the closed paths of each wall with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, causing, during the period of relative approach of the walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel, compressive stresses in the material layer when it is compacted with a value sufficient to processes of mixing, and / or abrasion of the surface of the grains of the material, and / or destruction by crushing, and during the period of relative removal of the mentioned walls of the material pipe from each other, causing a softening of the layer of material and mixing of its grains, while the amount of removal of the walls should at least be sufficient in order to achieve rearrangement of the grains of material inside the layer during decompression of the layer with respect to the state of packing of grains in the layer at the end of the previous period of convergence of the walls of the working chamber of the channel pipeline material. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the processing of granular materials is carried out with a multiple ratio of vibration frequencies of the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel. 3. The method according to PP. 1 or 2, characterized in that the processing of granular materials is carried out with the ability to control the parameters of the process of periodic volumetric compression of a gaseous or liquid medium and a layer of granular material by the vibrating walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel, as well as the pressure of the supply pressure of the said medium. 4. A device for processing granular materials, including a loading device and a material pipe with a working chamber, made in the form of a vibrating load-bearing body resting on shock absorbers and representing a pipe made up of two halves connected by elastic elements and mounted on the walls of each of the pipe halves of the vibrators which cause plane-parallel vibrations of the walls relative to each other, characterized in that the walls of the working chamber are horizontal or tilting up or down with the possibility of adjusting the angle of their inclination, while the elastic elements are made with rigidity and structural dimensions, providing the magnitude of their deformation during the relative approach of the said walls, oscillating along closed paths in any direction of movement with a relative phase shift in the range from 0 up to 2π both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the material pipe channel, not less than the magnitude of the working stroke of the walls of the material pipe chamber, at least equal to the cause of the compression deformation of the layer of granular material and a liquid or gaseous medium corresponding to the beginning of the rearrangement of the grains of the material in the layer when it is compressed, and during the period of relative removal of the walls from each other, not less than the magnitude of the working stroke of the walls, at least equal to the deformation of the decompression of the material layer and the above medium, corresponding to the beginning of the rearrangement of the grains of material inside the layer with respect to the state of packing of grains in the layer at the end of the previous period of convergence of the walls of the working chamber Nala material pipeline. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the vibrators mounted on the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel are made with excitation of their vibrations with a multiple frequency ratio. 6. The device according to paragraphs. 4 or 5, characterized in that the walls of the working chamber of the material channel channel and the elastic elements connecting them are made in the form of a closed-loop elastic shell in the cross section of the said channel. 7. The device according to one of paragraphs. 4-6, characterized in that the construction of the material pipe channel is made with a decreasing cross-sectional area in the direction of unloading the material from the material pipe, including with the possibility of adjusting said channel cross-sectional area. 8. The device according to one of paragraphs. 4-7, characterized in that the walls of the working chamber of the material pipe channel are installed at an angle in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the material pipe channel, while the walls of the working chamber can be perforated.

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