CN100378349C - Method for influencing rheological properties of liquid by means of oscillations - Google Patents
Method for influencing rheological properties of liquid by means of oscillations Download PDFInfo
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- CN100378349C CN100378349C CNB02813365XA CN02813365A CN100378349C CN 100378349 C CN100378349 C CN 100378349C CN B02813365X A CNB02813365X A CN B02813365XA CN 02813365 A CN02813365 A CN 02813365A CN 100378349 C CN100378349 C CN 100378349C
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- fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for influencing the rheological properties of a liquid interacting with at least one contact surface associated with an installation or machine part. At least one part of the liquid elements forming the liquid is subjected to oscillations, and the at least one contact surface of the installation or machine part is used as a source of mechanical oscillations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used to influence the rheological equationm of state of fluid, more particularly, relate to a kind of method that the rheological equationm of state of interactional fluid takes place with at least one interface of machine part that is used to influence.
Background technique
In food and non-food industry, in the course of working of many products, particularly during machining operation, the rheological equationm of state of product is to the quality decisive role of obtainable final products.
Can not only exert one's influence to ' rheological equationm of state ' such as the bulk article of viscous fluid by shearing, elongation or fluidisation to fluidisation batch material (bulk materials), and can also exert one's influence ' rheological equationm of state ' of the bulk article of viscoelasticity paste or elastomer blends.
Usually, these products often are the uniform homogeneous blends of homophase (for example suspension, emulsion) not.Therefore, particularly importantly to control bulk article stream aspect this.In this regard, in fluid stream, usually can produce some problems with some special positions that the major component of streaming flow has a segment fluid flow place of different behaviors.For example, be noticeable position at the fluid and the interface between machine or the inner surface of pipeline of flowing, the speed that very strong friction and/or product stream usually can take place in these positions reduces greatly.The negative results that is caused is like this, for example the residence time scope is wide, layering, about peak value of temperature of time and position etc.
In a large amount of application, some vibrations are incorporated in the fluid.
For example, GB2139734A, US4,516,747 or DE13703766C1 relate to formed boundary layer on the body that how to influence in fluid motion or be arranged in fluid stream.For this reason, the mechanical vibration that utilize the vibration source that is arranged on the described body surface will have the certain vibration frequency are incorporated in the boundary layer, or produce a ripple of propagating along described body surface.Can reduce like this to act on active force on the described body, thereby reduce flow resistance by fluid stream.
At US5, a kind of method that the turbulent flow of fluid stream (especially in the zone in the boundary layer on described wall) that wall is arranged is controlled of being used for has been described in 797,414.For reaching this purpose, according to sound wave being introduced with fluid flow direction mode at angle.Protrude into some projections in the fluid or be dispersed in the ancillary method that some plug-in units the whole flow region are described for influencing turbulent flow from described wall.
At US4, a kind of method has been described in 271,007, wherein,, on the inwall of described reactor, form sediments so that prevent by some the mechanical pressure pulses of introducing in fluid stream of a tubular reactor., the frequency and the amplitude of described pressure pulse are selected, so that in described reactor, can produce turbulent flow for this reason.
WO94/08732A1 pursues similar goal of the invention.In the document, sound wave is incorporated in the fluid slot that is soaked with a body, so that the surface deposits and the impurity of described body is washed.
A kind of impulse jet nozzle that supplies fluid to pass through has been described in WO93/08365A1.This nozzle is designed to and can vibrating by producing in the fluid of this nozzle.The self-excitation of this streaming flow is to produce by influencing each other in the formation of the eddy current on the inward flange of nozzle and between stopping.
At US4, a kind of vibromixer has been described in 832,500, it is made up of a cylindrical shell, and in this vibromixer, fluent material is static or by described housing motion.The internal surface of described housing comprises some obstacles that have sharp edges.In addition, utilize a reciprocating piston that one low-frequency vibration is applied on the described fluent material.Can obtain strong mixed effect in this way.
Yet in view of the microstructure of fluid, in these documents of being quoted, the rheological equationm of state of convection cell does not produce special influence.
In addition, under the situation that some particular fluid are handled, given machine usually reaches its performance and the stable limit.So common remedial measure is to make machine firmer or more firm, thereby just cause machine expensive more.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to overcome these defectives and deficiency that the method and apparatus that is used for the processing flowable products in the prior art exists, especially making improvements aspect the rheological equationm of state of these products is exerted one's influence.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of method that the rheological equationm of state (or flow characteristic) of interactional fluid takes place with at least one interface of machine part that is used to influence, described fluid is at least one gas phase, the mixture of one liquid phase or a solid phase, each is by facies unit particle for example, foam or condensation product are formed, wherein at least a portion to the element of fluid that forms described fluid excites, thereby produce vibration, wherein, by reduce the influence of internal flow friction and external fluid friction realization at fluid/machine interface place to the rheological equationm of state, select the vibrational excitation of frequency or frequency range and selected amplitude or amplitude range by at least one mechanical vibration source, the different facies units of fluid are optionally excited, thereby produce vibration, this mechanical vibration source is at least one interface of this machine.
Excite by at least a portion, can cause specific influence the rheological equationm of state of segment fluid flow at least to the element of fluid that forms fluid.Especially, can reduce internal flow friction and external fluid friction at fluid/machine interface place.So just can reduce to be input to the energy in the fluid, thereby, can make the significant prolongation in working life of machine on the one hand, on the other hand, the bigger machine of size be can produce, and the power/performance that machine provides and the limit of mechanical stability against short circuit can not reached.In other words, under the situation of same capability, can increase yielding capacity.
Excited vibrational represents that also convection cell exerts one's influence, and can make the actual rheological equationm of state be transformed into the effective rheological equationm of state with this.Be not go all sidedly as possible at control one real fluid the complicated rheological equationm of state, proved that favourable way is, by some element of fluids that form fluid are applied vibration, make the actual rheological equationm of state be transformed into the effective rheological equationm of state, the wherein said effective rheological equationm of state is than the actual easier processing of the rheological equationm of state, and the described effective rheological equationm of state is based on the rheological equationm of state of described reality.In other words, utilize vibration to change fluid " manually ", make that the fluid under this state through changing is easier to be controlled at least.
Preferably, the convection cell unit excites in very specific fluid mass, thereby produces vibration.For example,, can reduce the residence time of fluid, also can reduce the friction of (especially in the pipeline of conveyance fluid) on wall/fluid boundary in cavity and dead band by controlled excited vibrational.Residence time scope that so just can reduce in pipeline, to be transferred or processed fluid in machine, and cause saving material and energy consumption.
Fluid can be the mixture that at least one gas phase, a liquid phase or a solid phase are formed, and each is made up of different facies unit (finite element).Particularly, these facies units can be particle, foam or condensation product, thereby described fluid is suspension, emulsion, fluidized powder or mixture of powders, foam or foam mixture or colloid or colloid admixture.Particularly, fluid can also be polymer or polymeric blends.In all these fluids, above the preferred embodiment mentioned can impact partly or fully by convection cell.
Suitable is that optionally dissimilar unit excites in the convection cell, thereby produces vibration.In this case can also be partly and/or handle some problem areas fully.Described these problem areas comprise for example nozzle or dead band.For example, under the situation of nozzle, utilize untreated fluid will cause very high pressure gradient with actual flow change nature (promptly not being transformed into effective rheological equationm of state) by vibration.The fluid that utilization has the effective rheological equationm of state that is transformed into by vibration can significantly reduce this pressure gradient.As another example, the influence by controlled vibration can activate some dead bands in the processed fluid.
Preferably, carry out optionally excited vibrational at a whole group unit or at some groups of unit.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, described excited vibrational is to realize by at least one mechanical vibration source that acts on fluid.So just can be incorporated into different vibrations in the fluid with various amplitude and different frequency.In this way, just can be by realizing the very large vibration of amplitude in the fluid that is superimposed upon selection area of difference vibration.
In this case, can be partly by pneumatic and/or partly produce described vibration by hydraulic pressure installation.Advantageously, excite by bump (collision), especially the bump by plurality of continuous excites and produces mechanical vibration.Unexpected bump excites the stack that is equal to the vibration that has different vibration frequencies in a large number, thereby excite by bump in a very big frequency range and produce resonance, wherein said these vibrations can keep by clashing into continuously to excite in a time period that prolongs.
If mechanical vibration source is made up of at least one interface of equipment or machine part, that will be particularly advantageous.In this way, the parts that needs are less, and can influence described fluid in a controlled manner simultaneously.
Preferably, described at least one vibration interface has the oscillating component that at least one is arranged in the tangent plane of wall/fluid boundary.
In this way, can reduce or control the friction of fluid/wall by producing specific aim slip/adhesion effect very strong or that have a very strong purpose.This just makes may be that necessary any variation becomes unnecessary originally, also need not to adopt the wall surface material that is adapted to special fluid.The substitute is,, just can between wall and fluid, form a controllable friction factor by selecting the frequency and/or the amplitude of tangential vibrations component.
In addition, especially suitably be that described at least one interface has an oscillating component perpendicular to the tangent plane of wall/fluid boundary.Utilize this vertical component of interface vibration, can in fluid, introduce a king-sized vibrational energy.In this way, particularly, the specific vibrational energy that tangential vibrations component that can be by wall/fluid boundary and specific aim of combination results of vertical vibration component are extremely strong also is input in the fluid.
In another advantageous embodiments of the method according to this invention, vibrational excitation is to realize by at least one electromagnetic wave source that acts on the fluid.Vibration by electromagnetic wave excites, can on fluid, apply the influence of a milder, if they comprise interim or permanent doublet for example water molecule or surfactant molecule, vibrational excitation mainly produces on molecular level or little condensation product level so.When using several electromagnetic wave sources, also can utilize several frequencies or frequency range, and in fluid, can ad hoc excite, so that produce whirling vibration to variable grain with dipole characteristics.
Can be made of the tube wall that is used for conveyance fluid with the interface of the contacted fluid/wall of fluid, also the surface of the processing element of the machine that can be handled by convection cell constitutes.
Especially, the interface of fluid/wall can be made of the interface that can not carry out other motion except oscillating movement.For example, promptly be like this for static mixer.
Yet except oscillating movement, at least a other motion, for example translation and/or rotation also can be carried out in the interface.In this case, because the vibration at interface also can reduce the friction of wall.This is especially favourable for the pipeline of Handling Viscous Medium or dynamic mixer.
Method of the present invention can be used to different fluid stream.For example, this fluid stream combination that can be entrained flow, pressure flow, entrained flow and pressure flow, dilatant flow, shear flow and air pocket stream.
It is particularly advantageous adopting the combination of dilatant flow and vibration.Vibration by condensation product/agglomerated thing can strengthen the deaggregation that is caused by dilatant flow itself.In the vibrating trough stirrer, can utilize this synergy by the stack of expanding and vibrate highly beneficially.Utilizing shear flow to carry out under the situation of disaggregation, it is very useful that the vibration of this stack is proved to be, this is because this vibration has been resisted in the back mixing cooperation usefulness of laminar flow zone along the disaggregation particle of different fluid layers, thereby has just prevented that also powder particle from reassembling.
In another advantageous embodiments of the method according to this invention, vibrational excitation occurs in some selected frequencies or frequency range, especially combines with the vibrational excitation with selected amplitude or amplitude range.In this way, just can for example particle, foam, condensation product etc. apply the very strong optionally influence of specific aim to different facies units according to the size of facies unit, type, composition, form etc.Especially, can also in other words, be adjusted to the state of relevant facies unit to the selected frequency that excites and amplitude adjusted processing horizontal to related fluid.Therefore, for example under the situation of the deaggregation that increases particle, the granule that can utilize the frequency continuous agitation of rising to increase gradually.
Especially, in this case, it also is particularly advantageous utilizing continuous bump to produce vibrational excitation, and this is because one wide frequency spectrum can be introduced in the described fluid by these bumps.
Preferably, carry out the continuous bump in the time lag that has constant length each other.In this way, can guarantee after the facies unit vibration that is caused by bump is once failed these facies units repeatedly to be carried out identical excited vibrational, these excited vibrationals have big initial amplitude.
Preferably, in each case, these continuous bumps are separated by time lag of a random-length each other.In this way, can prevent to force periodic behavior from the outside to fluid.The substitute is, can prevent that by these vibrational excitations that continuous bump caused of being separated by the random time lag fluid stream from presenting state of rest.This is particularly conducive to and prevents that layering or back mixing from closing.The time lag that can adopt length to be normal distribution clashes into these continuously and separates, thereby replaces the time lag of random-length.In this way, can and have between time lag of pure random-length in the process in the time lag and realize a kind of compromise proposal with constant length.
The most suitably be that the frequency of selected vibrational excitation or frequency range are the natural frequency of facies unit under the certain vibration pattern of particular type.As previously mentioned, can exert one's influence to the facies unit of particular type, size, composition or shape by this way.
As a kind of supportive measure, in the method according to the invention, can also in fluid, add at least a surface active substance.In this way, can for example stablize deaggregation by the facies unit that vibrational excitation caused.Verified, it is particularly advantageous adding at least a surface active substance that is used for the different facies unit of fluid in fluid.Along with the carrying out of processing procedure, regulate different vibrational excitations and different surface active substances according to time and position, can be optimized diverse ways or process.
Claims (38)
1. one kind is used to influence the method that the rheological equationm of state of interactional fluid takes place with at least one interface of machine part, described fluid is at least one gas phase, the mixture of one liquid phase or a solid phase, each is made up of facies unit, wherein at least a portion to the facies unit that forms described fluid excites, thereby produce vibration, it is characterized in that, by reduce the influence of internal flow friction and external fluid friction realization at fluid/machine interface place to the rheological equationm of state, select the vibrational excitation of frequency or frequency range and selected amplitude or amplitude range by at least one mechanical vibration source, the different facies units of fluid are optionally excited, thereby produce vibration, this mechanical vibration source is at least one interface of this machine.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in some locations of described fluid the facies unit of described fluid is vibrated.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described facies unit is made up of at least a unit that is selected from particle, foam, the condensation product unit.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fluid is a suspension.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fluid is an emulsion.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fluid is fluidized powder or mixture of powders.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fluid is foam or foam mixture.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fluid is colloid or colloid admixture.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fluid is polymer or polymeric blends.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, one or more groups facies unit is vibrated.
11. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, utilizes at least one mechanical vibration source that acts on the fluid to produce described vibration.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described vibration produces by pneumatic mode at least in part.
13. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described vibration produces by hydraulic way at least in part.
14. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described mechanical vibration excite generation by bump.
15. method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, the bump that plurality of continuous takes place excites.
16. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described at least one vibration interface has the oscillating component in the tangent plane at least one interface that is arranged in wall/fluid.
17. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described at least one interface has an oscillating component perpendicular to the tangent plane at the interface of described wall/fluid.
18. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, produces described vibrational excitation by at least one electromagnetic wave source that acts on the described fluid.
19. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, with the contacted interface of described fluid be the tube wall that is used to carry described fluid.
20. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, with the contacted interface of described fluid be wall and/or the surface that is used for processing element that described fluid is handled.
21. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, other motion is not carried out in described interface except carrying out vibration.
22. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, at least a other motion is also carried out in described interface except carrying out vibration.
23. method according to claim 22 is characterized in that, at least a other motion at described interface comprises translation.
24. method according to claim 22 is characterized in that, at least a other motion at described interface comprises rotation.
25. method according to claim 22 is characterized in that, translation and rotational motion are also carried out in described interface except the vibration of carrying out this interface.
26. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, makes described fluid become a viscous flow.
27. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, makes described fluid become a pressure flow.
28. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, makes described fluid become the combination of viscous flow and pressure flow.
29. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, makes described fluid become a rotating flow.
30. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, makes described fluid become a shear flow.
31. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, makes described fluid become air pocket stream.
32. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, produces described vibrational excitation by continuous bump.
33. method according to claim 32 is characterized in that, described continuous bump is separated by time lag of constant length.
34. method according to claim 32 is characterized in that, described continuous bump is separated by time lag of random-length.
35. method according to claim 32 is characterized in that, described continuous bump is separated by time lag of the length that is normal distribution.
36. method according to claim 32 is characterized in that, the natural frequency that the facies unit that described selected frequency is a particular type is had under the certain vibration pattern.
37. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adds at least one surface active agent in described fluid.
38. method according to claim 29 is characterized in that, for the different facies units of described fluid add at least one specific surface active agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2001132069 DE10132069A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2001-07-05 | Method for influencing the rheological properties of a fluid |
| DE10132069.8 | 2001-07-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1531631A CN1531631A (en) | 2004-09-22 |
| CN100378349C true CN100378349C (en) | 2008-04-02 |
Family
ID=7690364
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB02813365XA Expired - Fee Related CN100378349C (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-02-22 | Method for influencing rheological properties of liquid by means of oscillations |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1404979A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100378349C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10132069A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03011880A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2301916C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003004882A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2552896A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-08-04 | Jean-Pierre Ibar | Process for dispersing a thermally sensitive additive into a melt |
| US20050159548A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-21 | Jean-Pierre Ibar | Miscible blends of normally immiscible polymers |
| US8918540B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-12-23 | The Boeing Company | Unmanned air vehicle interoperability agent |
| US7762903B2 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2010-07-27 | Bernhardt David A | Removable insert for a bowling ball |
| US8371294B2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-02-12 | Microdose Therapeutx, Inc. | Method and apparatus for driving a transducer of an inhalation device |
| US8313051B2 (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2012-11-20 | Sealed Air Corporation (Us) | Process and apparatus for mixing a polymer composition and composite polymers resulting therefrom |
| WO2018194543A1 (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-10-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Vibrators in cells for footwear |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2139734A (en) * | 1983-05-05 | 1984-11-14 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Method of and apparatus for influencing the boundary layer of a body experiencing predominantly stochastic flow fluctuations |
| CN87102863A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1988-11-02 | 古成新 | Fluid-medium wave high-density energy generation device |
| WO1994008732A1 (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1994-04-28 | Sofima Ag | Process and device for acoustically irradiating and transferring vibrations to an acoustic irradiation fluid containing particles |
| DE19703766C1 (en) * | 1997-02-01 | 1998-03-26 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Airbus | Boundary layer influencing method for aircraft wings |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2046167B (en) * | 1979-03-14 | 1983-11-30 | Ibar J P | Method for transforming the physical characteristics of a material |
| CA1123578A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1982-05-18 | Frank Souhrada | Process and apparatus for the prevention of solids deposits in a tubular reactor |
| DE3228939C1 (en) * | 1982-08-03 | 1983-11-24 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Method and device for influencing the boundary layer of flowed bodies |
| GB8516344D0 (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1985-07-31 | Brunold C R | Mixing apparatus & processes |
| DE3913061A1 (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-23 | Deutsche Automobilgesellsch | Process for vibration filling of electrode matrices having a foamed or fibrous structure for galvanic cells, and corresponding active mass paste |
| DE4004148C1 (en) * | 1990-02-10 | 1991-09-19 | Fan Engineering Gmbh, 4740 Oelde, De | |
| WO1993008365A1 (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1993-04-29 | Pulse (Ireland) | Pulsation nozzle, for self-excited oscillation of a drilling fluid jet stream |
| CA2169230A1 (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1996-08-14 | Lawrence Sirovich | Method of and apparatus for controlling turbulence in boundary layer and other wall-bounded fluid flow fields |
-
2001
- 2001-07-05 DE DE2001132069 patent/DE10132069A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-02-22 EP EP02711732A patent/EP1404979A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-22 WO PCT/CH2002/000103 patent/WO2003004882A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-22 MX MXPA03011880A patent/MXPA03011880A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-22 CN CNB02813365XA patent/CN100378349C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-22 RU RU2004103186/06A patent/RU2301916C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2139734A (en) * | 1983-05-05 | 1984-11-14 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Method of and apparatus for influencing the boundary layer of a body experiencing predominantly stochastic flow fluctuations |
| CN87102863A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1988-11-02 | 古成新 | Fluid-medium wave high-density energy generation device |
| WO1994008732A1 (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1994-04-28 | Sofima Ag | Process and device for acoustically irradiating and transferring vibrations to an acoustic irradiation fluid containing particles |
| DE19703766C1 (en) * | 1997-02-01 | 1998-03-26 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Airbus | Boundary layer influencing method for aircraft wings |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 低频振动场中聚合物熔体的流变行为. 秦玉廷，申开智，严正，张杰，宋大勇.塑料工业，第28卷第5期. 2000 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10132069A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
| RU2004103186A (en) | 2005-05-20 |
| RU2301916C2 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| EP1404979A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
| WO2003004882A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
| CN1531631A (en) | 2004-09-22 |
| MXPA03011880A (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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