RU2672078C1 - Method for forming contour charges from emulsion explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to the technique of blasting operations, and can be used for special blasting operations, for example, for blasting. Method of forming the contour charges of emulsion explosives, including the gas generation of the mixture, its filling in the shell and cooling. Loading of the shell of the required length is carried out through a nozzle, in the longitudinal channels of which a detonating cord and a carrying rope are placed. As the shell is loaded along its length, ties are made. As the formation of the contour charge is formed, it is wound onto a reel, on which the upper end of the shell and the supporting rope are pre-fixed on a removable carrier bar. After the end of the loading of the shell, the contour charge on the coil is transferred to the installation site and lowered into the well by unwinding the contour charge from the coil, with the loop charge suspended on the carrier bar. Plastic guide cone is attached to the lower end of the contour charge before lowering. Reel is equipped with carrying handles. Cooling is performed in the well after descent. Additive gas-generating additives in the mixture produced through a static mixer when applying the emulsion explosives in the shell.

EFFECT: invention allows to reduce the complexity of the descent charge into the well, to simplify the design of the charge and to increase the safety of blasting.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, and in particular to blasting techniques and can be used in special blasting operations, for example, during contour blasting.

Known are the designs of contour borehole charges (certificate of autonomy No. 1508699 and No. 1417577) with a central arrangement along the axis of the bore of charges from cartridge explosives placed in the form of a solid or dispersed column of a charge like a garland. The space between the cartridges and the walls of the well is filled with an inert mass - fine-grained materials for crushing rocks or an air gap is left. The lower cartridge is in contact with the bottom of the well or is separated by an air or inert gap. The main, upper stemming above the charge column is filled with inert materials.

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity, time loss and increased marginal destruction of the array.

Known downhole contour charge (RF patent No. 2150672, publ. 10.06.2000). The inventive charge consists of cartridges of explosive (BB), which are flank mounted on a wooden liner, adjacent to the walls of the borehole and are oriented along the axis of the contour series of charges, while a porous stemming of organic origin is used as the internal jamming between the explosive cartridges and above the contour charge and in the bottom of the well there is a damper stemming consisting of inert and porous parts.

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity and increased marginal destruction of the array.

A known method of forming a hose loop charges of water-containing explosives (RF patent No. 2097680, publ. 07.27.1997). The inventive method includes mixing a thickened aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent with a solid sensitizer - granulotol and a cross-linking agent with a change in the percentage of granulotol at a solution temperature below the melting point of granuolotol granules, filling the sleeve of polyethylene with a diameter corresponding to the charge mass per 1 m of wells placed in the well or formed on the surface of the ledge with its subsequent placement in a contour well.

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of contour charges and the complexity of their descent into the well.

A known method of loading contour wells and a device for its implementation (AS USSR No. 1383957, publ. 04/27/2000, bull. No. 12). The method of charging contour wells, includes the simultaneous formation of a column of aggregate from an inert material and, behind it, a column of explosive charge supplied by compressed air through pipelines with nozzles, according to the invention in order to increase the efficiency of contour charges by increasing the range of changes in charge properties, column the aggregate is formed with a density different in cross section, and compressed air is separated from the supply line of the explosive above the level of the aggregate column. A device for charging contour wells, includes pipelines for supplying explosives and aggregate with nozzles at the outlet, according to the invention, nozzles for aggregate are separated from each other by longitudinal partitions, and the pipeline for supplying explosives is equipped with air separators installed in series behind the nozzles of the aggregate. The air separator can be made in the form of a housing with a side wall in the form of a truncated cone, the larger base of which is equipped with a mesh with a central hole for the explosive supply hose.

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of contour charges and increased labor costs for their formation.

A known method of forming contour charges from emulsion explosives, adopted as a prototype (RF patent No. 2061864, publ. 06/10/1996), including gas generation of a hot mixture, pouring it into the shell and cooling to complete crystallization of the oxidizing agent, according to the invention in order to reduce violations of the circuit massif when creating a contour gap by adjusting the density of the contour charge along its length in accordance with the destructibility of the rocks along the height of the step, the percentage of the mixture introduced into it changes to the additives, and the charge is cooled to the full oxidizer crystallization at constant hydrostatic pressure before it is placed in the well. The percentage of introduced gas-generating additives of sodium nitrite is determined depending on the strength of the rocks from the ratio.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to leave a charge on the surface for cooling and the high complexity of lowering the charge into the well.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to eliminate the need to leave a charge on the surface and reduce the complexity of lowering the charge into the well.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of forming contour charges from emulsion explosives, including gas generation of the mixture, pouring it into the shell and cooling, according to the invention, the shell is charged of the required length through a nozzle, in which longitudinal channels are placed a detonating cord and a supporting rope, as loading the shell along its length set the ties, and as the contour charge is formed, it is wound on a coil, on which it is pre-fixed on a removable carrier bar hny end of the sheath and carrying the rope, after loading the shell contour charge on the coil is transferred to the place of installation and lowered into the well by unwinding the loop to charge the coil with a suspending loop charge on the carrier plate.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that a plastic guide cone is attached to the lower end of the circuit charge before the descent.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the coil is equipped with handles for carrying.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that cooling is performed in the well after descent.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the gas-generating additive is added to the mixture through a static mixer when emulsion explosive is fed into the shell.

The method of forming contour charges from emulsion explosives is illustrated by the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the formation of a loop charge from a gas-generated emulsion explosive in a shell; FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a nozzle with longitudinal channels along AA, in FIG. 3 shows the generated loop charge on the coil; FIG. 4 shows the step of installing a loop charge into the well; FIG. 5 shows the contour charge installed in the well, where:

1 - a shell of the required length, for example, a polyethylene sleeve;

2 - nozzle with longitudinal channels, for example, a pipe;

3 - a longitudinal channel for accommodating a detonating cord;

4 - a longitudinal channel for placing the supporting rope;

5 - gas-generated explosive.

6 - detonating cord;

7 - non-drying rope;

8 - ties;

9 - coil for winding a contour charge, mounted with the possibility of rotation on the rack 10;

10 - rack coil 9;

11 - a supporting strip, for example, a wooden bar;

12 - adapter from the mixing-charging machine to the nozzle 2 with a static mixer;

13 - well;

14 - guide cone for contour charge.

A nozzle 2 is made with longitudinal channels 3 and 4 to accommodate a detonating cord and a supporting rope, respectively. The nozzle 2 can be made with the outer surface in the form capable of holding the sleeve in the assembled position, for example, conical with an angle of about 3-5 degrees. A coil 9 is also made for winding a contour charge, mounted rotatably on the stand 10. The dimensions and materials of the coil 9 are determined empirically from the condition of preservation of the contour charge when it is wound and unwound, taking into account the placement of the carrier strip 11 on it.

The method of forming contour charges from emulsion explosives is as follows. On the block, on which the project provides contour blasting, drill a well 13 (or several). Then, the shell 1 is delivered to the unit in folded form, or on a spool and cut into pieces of the required length, taking into account the design length of the contour charge. Then, the resulting piece of the shell 1 of the required length is put on the nozzle 2 with longitudinal channels, for example, a pipe. A detonating cord 6 is inserted into the longitudinal channel 3 to accommodate the detonating cord 6 and placed inside the shell 1 when filling its internal space with gas-generated explosive 5. In the longitudinal channel 4, the carrier rope 7 is inserted to accommodate the supporting rope and placed inside the shell 1 when filling its inner spaces with a gas-generated explosive 5. Then the detonating cord 6 and the supporting rope 7 are fixed on the supporting bar 11, for example, a wooden beam, which in turn is temporary 9 is fixed to the coil winding of the loop charge. Then, the non-rechargeable part of the loop charge is wound on a coil 9 and the upper tie 8 is placed, after which the nozzle 2 with longitudinal channels is connected to the adapter 12 from the mixing-charging machine with a static mixer and a gas-generated emulsion explosive 5 is fed into the inner space of the shell 1. As it fills up from the outside of the shell 1 put the tie 8, for example, using a gun for knitting reinforcement, or manually. The step of setting the ties 8 is determined experimentally, experimentally, or experimentally. Also, as the shell 1 is filled, it is wound on a coil 9 of a loop charge winding, rotatably mounted on a stand 10. After the shell 1 is completely filled along its length and completely winded, a lower tie 8 is placed on the coil 9 to obtain a loop charge, ready for installation into the well 13. The loop charge is transferred to the well 13, if necessary, bent (Fig. 5) and a guide cone 14 is placed to reduce the likelihood of a charge rupture when going down the well 13. The loop charge is lowered into the well 13 by ki charged shell 1 from the reel 9. After unwinding contour of well 13 the charge is fixed via the carrier bars 11, for example, a wooden beam. Coil 9 is used repeatedly in the above sequence. The cooling of the resulting contour charge can be produced in the well after descent, due to this it will be more mobile and convenient for work. The gas-generating additive can be added to the mixture through a static mixer when emulsion explosive 5 is fed into the shell 1, thereby increasing the safety of work.

The application of the method of forming contour charges from emulsion explosives provides the following advantages:

- eliminating the need to leave a charge on the surface for cooling;

- reducing the complexity of lowering the charge into the well;

- reducing the cost of creating a circuit charge;

- simplification of the design of the device.

Claims (5)

1. A method of forming contour charges from emulsion explosives, including gas generation of the mixture, pouring it into the shell and cooling, characterized in that the shell of the required length is charged through the nozzle, in which longitudinal channels the detonating cord and the carrying rope are placed, as the shell is charged over Ties are placed on its length, and as the contour charge is formed, it is wound on a reel, on which the upper end of the shell and the supporting rope are pre-mounted on a removable support bar, after After loading the shell, the loop charge on the coil is transferred to the installation site and lowered into the well by unwinding the loop charge from the coil with the loop charge suspended on the carrier bar. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that a plastic guide cone is attached to the lower end of the contour charge before the descent. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the coil is equipped with handles for carrying. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the cooling is carried out in the well after descent. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the gas-generating additive is added to the mixture through a static mixer when emulsion explosive is fed into the shell.

Images