RU2667670C2 - Drive with changing blades - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.SUBSTANCE: drive contains a distribution body, a shaft with a gear for receiving rotation from a power take-off shaft and from an internal combustion engine. In the body on the axis, there are a central conical ring placed loosely with respect to the axis of which there is a distribution body with the blades, which can rotate increasing the manoeuvrability of the object. From the central wheel the movement is transferred via intermediate shafts and conical pairs to the shaft which is installed in the body by a bearing with a cardan and a sleeve rigidly mounted on it, and on the end of the shaft, there is a rigidly fixed shroud with openings perpendicular to the axis of the shaft rotation, there are axles installed in these holes, on which blades are installed rigidly, with the possibility of adjustment. Also, there is a disk rigidly mounted on the body with the possibility of adjustment, a cam is installed, and a lever with a roller is rigidly fixed on the blade axle, and the roller turns the axle and with blade at 90° and back when rolling on the cam and runs onto projections and recesses of the cam. Constant contact of the roller with the cam is provided by means of a spring.EFFECT: drive efficiency enhancement.9 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aviation, in particular, to propeller designs, as well as to shipbuilding, including submarines, in particular, to propeller designs. The mover can be used on ships of all types from motor boats to submarines, as well as in the aviation industry: on airplanes, helicopters, airships and disk-type aircraft.

The mover comprises a distributor housing, an arm with a shaft with gear for receiving rotation from the shaft, power take-off, for example, from an internal combustion engine, for example, a central conical wheel freely sits on the axle in the housing, the axis of which the distribution housing together with the blades can rotate, increasing maneuverability of the object on which the mover is mounted. From the central wheel, the movement is transmitted through the intermediate shafts and conical pairs to a shaft that sits in a bearing housing rigidly mounted on the housing; a ferrule with holes located perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft sits rigidly on the shaft end. In these holes, axles are installed on which the blades are rigidly, with the possibility of regulation.

A disk sits rigidly on the shaft housing, on which a cam is rigidly mounted, with the possibility of regulation. A lever with a roller sits rigidly on the axis of the blade, and the roller, rolling around the cam, running onto the protrusions and depressions of the cam, together with the lever rotate the axis with the blade 90 ° and vice versa, as a result of the blade in the working phase they rake water and air over the entire area, creating maximum traction, and in the non-working one, settling along the movement, providing the least resistance, as a result, the propulsion efficiency increases.

When performing a shaft thickened at the end, there is no need for a clip. On one axis, passed through the shaft, two blades can be installed, controlled by one lever with a roller. In this case, the rigidity and compactness of the structure are increased to prevent the axis from turning more than 90 ° and longitudinal movement. Permanent contact of the roller with the cam is provided by the spring, but depending on the purpose of the mover, the lever can be equipped with an additional roller moving in the groove of the cam to prevent separation of the main roller. In this case, there is no need for a spring of the pressing roller to the cam. The mover can be made to work on a horizontal plane when the shaft rotating the blades is located vertically, or working on a vertical plane when the shaft rotating the blades is located horizontally. In order to increase the efficiency of the propulsion device, two groups of blades are installed in one bearing housing, rotating in the opposite direction and controlled by each group from its cam.

The mover is arranged to rotate the blades in different directions to increase the maneuverability of the object on which the mover is mounted, where the shaft is mounted in the bearings housing with a cardan rigidly mounted on it, the second shaft with blades is rigidly mounted in the second hub of the cardan, which is located in the bearings mounted in the sleeve, which is supported by rods connected to spherical joints, the axis of the joints being located on the plane of the axis of the joints of the universal joint, the rods are able to move longitudinally and connect s control, for example, flexible members (reed), the blades rotate at equal sides is especially important for aircraft.

In order to increase maneuverability when arranging two groups of blades rotating in the opposite direction on the same axis of rotation, additionally cam-turning mechanisms are installed that work synchronously, as a result, the direction of “raking” air, water and the direction of movement changes, this is especially true for aircraft.

Traction is provided to rotate the distribution housing together with the blades relative to the axis of the central wheel, and when using a worm gear to rotate the housing with the blades, a sleeve is provided to prevent moisture from entering, a flexible sleeve is used in the housing and a groove is provided for rotation. Instead of a power take-off shaft, an electric motor can be used with a node for changing the speed of the output shaft on which the blades sit, or without changing, in this case, the compactness of the mover increases.

By helicopter, the blades can be mounted on the central shaft, where the main lifting blades are on and off.

On airplanes and helicopters, propellers can be installed on the wings from below and above, and simultaneously above and below, as well as propulsors operating on the horizontal or vertical planes, or in combination, some working on the horizontal plane, and part on the vertical.

As a result of the use of propulsion devices on aircraft - on airplanes, on helicopters, on airships, on dish-type aircraft and water transport, including submarines, maneuverability and mobility increases and the propulsion efficiency increases.

State of the art

The author does not know the sources of scientific, technical and patent information containing information about similar technical solutions that have features similar to the features, as well as properties that match the properties of the proposed solution, therefore, it can be considered that it has significant differences that allow the practical implementation to create new movers, with variable blades for the aviation and shipbuilding industries.

The prototype of this solution is the patent RU 2516957 C2, 02/23/2010.

A propeller without a fairing with variable installation angles and for a turbomachine does not provide for changing the blades during operation, creating large traction forces, as in the proposed propulsor with changing blades during operation.

In the search process, patents were analyzed:

RF 2117603, 06.25.1996

RU 2317225 C2, 02.20.2008

RF 2369520, 10/10/2009

RF 2387572, 04/27/2010

RF 2399463, May 27, 2010

RF 2412082, 02.20.2011

RF 2469906, 12.20.2013

RF 2441806, 02/10/2012

Description of the design “Propulsion with variable blades”

The mover contains a distribution housing 1, mounted in an arm 2, where a shaft with gear 3 is mounted in the bearings, which is paired with a central bevel wheel 4 freely sitting on the axis 5. Wheel 4 is connected with bevel gears 6 and 7, rigidly sitting on the shafts 8 and 9, seated on bearings 10, at the end of the shaft 8, a conical wheel 11 rigidly sits, connected by a conical wheel 12, rigidly sitting on the shaft 13, mounted on bearings in the bearing housing 14, rigidly mounted on the housing 1, sits rigidly on the second end of the shaft holder 15, having the holes located perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft, in these holes are the axes of the blades 16, on which the blades 17 are rigidly mounted, with the possibility of regulation, the levers 18 are rigidly mounted on the axles 16 with the rollers 19, which are rigidly mounted on the cam 20 the possibility of regulation sitting on the disk 21 rigidly sitting on the bearing housing 14; the rollers together with the levers, falling on the protrusions and depressions of the cam, rotate the axes with the blades 90 ° and vice versa, springs 22 are provided for constant contact of the roller with the cam, a bevel gear 23 rigidly sits on the shaft 9, connected to a bevel wheel 24, rigidly sitting on the shaft 25, made, as an option, thickened for structural rigidity, to limit rotation by more than 90 ° and to limit longitudinal movement, an emphasis 26 is provided and a single axis is used on two blades 27, in the housing 1 is mounted on an axis 5, freely seated on a cro on the bracket 2, the gear shaft 3 is mounted on bearings 28, for ease of assembly, there are grooves on the bracket ears and bushings 29 and 30 are provided that are rigidly seated in the ears, to prevent moisture from entering the housing 1, and to rotate, a flexible sleeve 31 is provided; for the possibility of rotation of the housing 1 provides traction 32.

When performing the work of the propulsion device on a vertical plane, the rotation of the distributor housing together with the blades can be carried out, for example, by a worm gear, where the worm wheel 33 is rigidly mounted on the axis 34, the distribution housing 1 is rigidly mounted on it, and the shafts 8 and 13, 9 and 25 are connected clutch 35, the rotation of the housing together with the blades is carried out from the clutch 36 mounted on the worm shaft associated with the control panel.

In cases where two groups of blades are installed on one axis of the drive of the blades, each group is controlled from its cam: on the cover of the housing 1 is mounted rigidly with the possibility of regulation, the sleeve 37, on which the axis 38 is rigidly mounted, on the axis on the bearings there is a tubular shaft 39, on which the clip with blades sits rigidly; a disk 40 sits rigidly at the end of the shaft, a cam 20 is mounted rigidly on it, with the possibility of regulation, which controls the lower group of blades, and the tubular shaft is driven, for example, by chain transmission through sprockets 41.

On the housing 1, a bearing housing 14 is rigidly mounted, in which a tubular shaft 42 is mounted on the bearings, which is rotated by the movement of, for example, a chain gear, through sprockets 43, and the rotation of the shafts 39 and 42 is carried out in the opposite direction. A disk 21 is mounted on the bearing housing, on which a cam 20 is mounted rigidly, with the possibility of regulation, which controls the upper group of blades; at the end of the shaft 42, a clip with blades is rigidly mounted.

In the process of operation, the roller contacts the cam using a spring 22, for more critical cases an additional roller 44 is provided, rigidly sitting on the plate 45, rigidly sitting on the lever 18, the roller is located in the cam groove and prevents the main roller 19 from being torn apart than the roller 44, for the possibility of a quick transition from a non-working to a working phase and vice versa: in the presence of an additional roller, the exception of the spring 22 is possible.

The mover is configured to rotate the blades in different directions, to increase the maneuverability of the object on which the mover is mounted. A shaft 46 is installed in the bearing housing 14, a cardan 47 is rigidly mounted on the shaft, a shaft 48 is rigidly mounted in the cardan sleeve, which is located in the bearings installed in the sleeve 49, which is supported on the couplers 50 connected to the sleeve by spherical joints, the hinge axis being located on the plane of the axis of the hinges of the cordon crosspiece, in turn, the screed 50 is connected to the screed 51 also with a spherical joint, the screed 51 is located on the bearings 52 and has the possibility of longitudinal movement. The couplers are connected to the control panel, for example, by flexible elements, as a result of the movement of the couplers, the position of the shaft 48 changes at the end of which a clip with blades is rigidly installed. As a result, the maneuverability of the object improves.

In order to increase maneuverability, when arranging two groups of blades on one axis of rotation, cam rotation mechanisms are additionally installed to rotate the cam of the lower blade groups; for example, a worm gear 53 is fixedly connected to the axis 38. To rotate the upper groups of blades, a special one is mounted on the bearing housing 14 worm gear 54, turning the worm wheels synchronously, the cams controlling the blades rotate, resulting in increased maneuverability of the aircraft, as well as underwater and surface s courts.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a propulsion device operating on a horizontal plane with a partial body for clarity.

In FIG. 2 - the same, a top view with a partial cutout of the bracket for clarity.

In FIG. 3 shows a general view of a propulsion device operating on a vertical plane with a partial cut-out of the housing for clarity.

In FIG. 4 - same, top view.

In FIG. 5 shows a vertical section of the mover, where two groups of blades are located in one bearing housing, each group working from its cam and rotating in the opposite direction for more efficient operation of the mover.

In FIG. 6 is a top view of a lever with an additional roller in cooperation with a cam.

In FIG. 7 - the same, section A-4 is rotated.

In FIG. 8 shows a mover with the ability to operate the blades by tilting in different directions for better maneuverability of the object on which the mover is mounted.

In FIG. 9 shows a general view of the mover with a partial cut-out of the primary gearboxes for clarity, where two groups of blades are located in one bearing housing, each group operating from its own cam and with the possibility of turning the cams, each from a separate drive for greater maneuverability of the object on which the mover is mounted.

Claims (9)

1. The mover contains a distribution housing, a shaft with gear for receiving rotation from the power take-off shaft and from the internal combustion engine, while the central conical ring freely sits on the axis in the housing, the axis of which the distribution housing together with the blades can rotate, increasing the maneuverability of the object, characterized in that from the central wheel the movement is transmitted through the intermediate shafts and the conical pairs to the shaft, which is mounted in the housing by a bearing with a cardan with rigidly mounted a sleeve, and at the end of the shaft a ferrule sits rigidly with holes located perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft, in these holes there are axes on which the blades are rigidly mounted with the possibility of regulation, the disk is also rigidly mounted on the body, which is rigidly, with the possibility of regulation, a cam is installed, and a lever with a roller sits rigidly on the axis of the blade, and the roller, rolling on the cam, running onto the protrusions and depressions of the cam, together with the lever rotate the axis with the blade 90 ° and vice versa, while the roller is constantly in contact with the cam provided by a spring. 2. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to install on one axis, passed through the shaft, two blades controlled with one lever with a roller, to prevent the axis from turning more than 90 ° and longitudinal movement, an emphasis is provided, in In this case, the rigidity and compactness of the structure increases. 3. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that the lever is equipped with an additional roller moving in the groove of the cam, to prevent the main roller from tearing away from the cam. 4. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged to work on a horizontal or vertical plane. 5. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installing in one housing bearings two groups of blades rotating in the opposite direction, each group controlled from its cam. 6. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged to rotate the blades in different directions to increase maneuverability, where a second shaft with blades is rigidly mounted in the cardan sleeve, which is located in bearings mounted in the sleeve, which is supported by rods connected with spherical hinges, the hinge axes being located on the plane of the hinge axis of the universal joint, the rods have the possibility of longitudinal movement and are connected to the control panel or flexible shaft, cane, the blades rotate in different directions continuously relevant for aircraft. 7. The propulsion device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged to arrange on the same axis of rotation two groups of blades rotating in the opposite direction, additionally installed cam rotation mechanisms operating synchronously. 8. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that to prevent moisture from entering the housing, a flexible sleeve is provided and a groove of the drive shaft is made in the housing for rotation. 9. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of the power take-off shaft, an electric motor is used with the use of a node for changing the speed of the output shaft or without a change on which the blades sit.

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