RU2536421C2 - Power plant with variable thrust vector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly, to aircraft engine control systems. Proposed poser plant comprises engine frame, engine engaged via transmission with propulsor and propulsor turn drive. Transmission consists of the shaft arranged in the beam to engage the engine with propulsor reduction gear input shaft. All power plant components are arranged at integral engine frame. Said beam can turn about transmission shaft axis. Note here that beam part blown in cross-section features symmetric streamlined profile while its cross-section is always directed along screw airflow at whatever turn angle. Power plant can comprise two engines each being engaged via its transmission with common shaft and can be equipped with second propulsor arranged at the right of left of the engine. Note here that every propulsor is connected with its reduction gear by turn beam. Said propulsors can be composed of coaxial screws connected by T-shape reduction gearbox with shaft arranged in turn beam.

EFFECT: lower drag, higher safety of engine fault, drive higher power and lower weight.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to create propulsion systems with a propeller, for example:

- in aviation and aeronautics as the power plants of aircraft, helicopters, airships, ekranoplanes, etc.,

- in ground transportation as power plants of aeromobiles, snowmobiles, hovercraft;

- in shipbuilding as power plants of gliders, hovercraft and underwater vehicles;

- in household appliances in fans.

Well-known power plants of modern airships allow you to rotate the thrust vector on take-off and landing modes, facilitating vertical maneuver.

A known power plant with a variable thrust vector, consisting of one or more block modules containing a motor frame on which an engine, transmission, propellers and thrust vector rotation mechanism are installed (Airship Au-30 http://www.oskbes.ru/ au30).

The disadvantages of the known design are:

- the need to overcome the total gyroscopic moment of the propeller and engine when turning the thrust vector, which increases the power and weight of the rotation drive;

- the difficulty of ensuring the operability of the engine when turning, because there is a need to supply the engine with special oil and fuel supply systems.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed design is a power plant with a variable thrust vector, including a motor frame, an engine connected to it through a transmission propulsion unit and its rotation drive, while the transmission consists of a shaft located in the beam and connecting the engine to the input shaft of the rotary propulsion gearbox (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File: USS Akron propeller).

The known design has several disadvantages:

- has a high aerodynamic drag at any location of the screw, because the beam is made fixed, supported by a large number of struts and has a circular cross section;

- the complexity of the design due to the placement of the installation parts on different supports, i.e. the difficulty of ensuring their alignment - requires the use of additional elastic couplings;

- the use of one engine leads to a complete loss of thrust of a separate unit of the power plant when it fails, which with a multi-engine power plant of the airship causes a violation of the balance and controllability of the airship.

The technical result solved by the present invention is the creation of a power plant with a change in the thrust vector that provides low aerodynamic drag for any arrangement and number of propellers, increasing the safety of the installation while maintaining the balance and controllability of the device with a single engine failure, reducing the power and mass of the rotation drive.

The technical result in the present invention is achieved by creating a power plant with a variable thrust vector, including a motor frame, an engine connected to it through a transmission propulsion unit and its rotation drive, while the transmission consists of a shaft located in the beam and connecting the engine to the input shaft of the propulsion gearbox, in which according to the invention all parts of the installation are placed on a single motor frame, and the beam is made rotatable relative to the axis of the transmission shaft, while the blown part of the beam in the transverse section ix has symmetrical streamlined profile.

Placing all parts of the installation on a single motor frame can significantly simplify the design and reduce its weight due to the high accuracy of the connection of the engine shafts and transmissions, which eliminates the need for additional couplings.

The implementation of the rotary beam together with the gearbox and mover (and not the gearbox, as in the prototype), allows you to apply a beam design that is rational in terms of strength, i.e. reduce its mass and reduce the load on the beam supports.

The implementation of the blown part of the beam in cross section with a symmetrical streamlined profile provides minimal aerodynamic drag, because the section is always oriented along the propeller flow at any angle of rotation.

The use of more than one engine, for example two engines, can improve the safety of the device by maintaining the operability of the power plant in case of failure of one engine.

The presence of the connection of each engine through its additional transmission with the common shaft of the transmission allows you to use several engines to drive the common shaft and, moreover, allows you to coordinate the operation of each engine by speed, and reduce traction loss on the mover in case of failure of one engine while maintaining controllability and balancing of the device.

The performance in each multi-engine power plant of each additional transmission in the form of a gear or belt gearbox connected to the transmission shaft via an overrunning clutch allows you to change the gear ratio from the engine to the common shaft if necessary and eliminate mechanical loss of rotation of the transmission and the engine in case of failure.

The implementation of each additional transmission in the form of a variator allows you to combine a gear unit and an overrunning clutch in a single unit, which simplifies the design while maintaining efficiency.

The installation is supplied with a second propulsion unit mounted symmetrically either to the right or to the left with respect to the engines, each propulsion unit being connected to its own gearbox, a rotary beam and a shaft common to the whole installation, which are connected to the engines via additional transmissions, which makes it possible to increase the total thrust of the power unit by using a larger the total area of the screws and compensate for the gyroscopic moment of the propellers due to their multidirectional rotation.

The execution of the propulsion device in the form of coaxial propellers connected through a T-shaped gearbox with a single shaft located in the rotary beam, allows you to realize the following advantages:

1. compensate for the gyroscopic moment of coaxial propellers due to their multidirectional rotation;

2. reduce the power of the drive rotation;

3. increase the efficiency of the screws by 5-8% by eliminating the swirl of the threads behind the screw;

4. increase the life of the T-shaped gear due to the symmetrical loading of its drive gear.

The execution of the propulsion device in the form of a pair of coaxial propellers placed symmetrically to the right and left of the engines, with each coaxial screw connected via a T-shaped gearbox with a single shaft located in the swinging beams, allows you to further increase the resulting thrust of the installation by using a larger total area screws and increase their efficiency.

The pivot beams can be equipped with a common pivot drive or a separate drive for each beam, which allows for greater control capabilities of the device due to the rotation of the thrust vector of each mover.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the following description and drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed power plant with a variable thrust vector with one propeller;

figure 2 shows a diagram of the proposed power plant with a variable thrust vector with coaxial propellers;

figure 3 shows a diagram of the proposed power plant with a variable thrust vector with two engines for propulsion with an angular gear;

figure 4 shows a diagram of the proposed power plant with a variable thrust vector with two engines and coaxial propellers (T-shaped gear);

FIG. 5 is a view A of FIG. one;

FIG. 6 shows a section BB of FIG. one;

FIG. 7 is a view C of FIG. one.

A power plant with a variable thrust vector includes a motor frame 1, at least one engine 2, a propulsion unit and a rotation drive 3 connected to it through a transmission.

The transmission consists of a shaft 4 located in a beam 5 rotatable relative to it and connecting the engine 2 with the input shaft of the propulsion gearbox 7.

The beam 5 is connected to the rotation drive 3 and mounted on the frame 1 on the supports 6, and its blown portion 8 in cross section has a symmetrical streamlined profile.

Depending on the technical capabilities and technological requirements, the streamlined profile can be either symmetrical wing-shaped or in the form of a drop.

When performing installation with two engines 2, each of them is connected through its additional transmission with a common shaft 4 of the transmission.

Each additional transmission contains either a gear or belt gear 9 and an overrunning clutch 10 connecting the gear to the transmission shaft 4.

To simplify the proposed design, each additional transmission can be made in the form of a variator (not shown), because in this case, the variator replaces the gearbox and the freewheel.

In the proposed design, the number of propellers can be different (one or two) depending on the layout of the device and the technical requirements for the installation.

The scheme of the proposed power plant with a variable thrust vector with one mover is shown in figure 1.

A power plant with a variable thrust vector with two propulsion devices (shown in FIG. 2) mounted symmetrically to the right and left with respect to engines 2, each propulsion being connected to its gearbox 7, pivot beam 5 and shaft 4, which are connected to the engines via additional transmissions.

In these cases, the mover is made in the form of a propeller 11 and an angular gearbox is used as a reducer 7.

In cases where the mover is made in the form of coaxial propellers 11, a T-shaped gearbox is used as a reducer 7.

In the proposed design, all installation elements are placed on a single motor frame 1.

The operation of the device is as follows.

The torque from the engines 2 mounted on the motor frame 1 with the help of additional transmissions 9 and 10 is transmitted to the shaft 4, then through the gearboxes 7 to the propellers 11, which create the longitudinal traction necessary for the movement of the apparatus. In thrust vector deflection modes, the beam 3 rotation drive rotates the beam 5 and the gearbox 7 and mover 11 connected to it in the bearings 6 of the motor frame 1 to the required angle, while the streamlined part of the beam is oriented exactly in the flow behind the propeller, which ensures the least aerodynamic drag.

The rotation drive of the beam 3 overcomes the torque of the engine 2 and, in the case of the structure shown in figure 1, the gyroscopic moment of the propeller 11.

When using coaxial screws or screws located symmetrically to the right and left of the engines (see figure 4), the rotation drive 3 will only overcome the torque of engines 2, because the gyroscopic moments of the propellers 11 are mutually balanced due to their multidirectional rotation.

In the event of a failure of one of the engines 2, the overrunning clutch 10 will disconnect the gearbox 9 and the failed engine 2 from the shaft 4, thereby reducing the mechanical loss of rotation of the failed mechanisms, and the remaining working engine will rotate all the propellers alone, providing partial conservation of traction, balancing and controllability of the apparatus .

The proposed propulsion system with a variable thrust vector with various propulsion and transmission options was tested on the Au-12 airship Avgur Center CJSC, and a higher thrust value was obtained than with a traditional single propeller, and the airship control on take-off mode was improved - landing.

Claims (7)

1. A power plant with a variable thrust vector, including a motor frame, an engine, a drive connected to it through a transmission and a drive to rotate it, while the transmission consists of a shaft located in the beam and connecting the engine to the input shaft of the propulsion gearbox, characterized in that all installation elements are placed on a single motor frame, and the beam is made rotatable relative to the transmission shaft, while the blown part of the beam in the cross section has a symmetrical streamlined profile and the section is always oriented in sweat eye of the propeller at any angle of rotation. 2. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation has at least two engines, each of which is connected through its additional transmission with a common transmission shaft. 3. The power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that each additional transmission is made in the form of either a gear or belt gear connected to the transmission shaft through an overrunning clutch. 4. The power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that each additional transmission is made in the form of a variator. 5. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a second mover mounted to the right or left of the engines, each mover connected to its gearbox by a rotary beam and a single shaft, which are connected to the engines through additional transmissions. 6. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion device is made in the form of coaxial propellers connected through a T-shaped gearbox with a single shaft located in the swing beam. 7. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion device is made in the form of a pair of coaxial propellers, with each pair of propellers connected via a T-shaped gearbox with a single shaft located in the rotary beam.

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