RU2658243C2 - Hybrid power unit of wheeled vehicles (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hybrid power units of vehicles. Such hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle includes a primary energy source with a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, DC motor with a control system and an internal combustion engine with a decompressor. Above engine uses two operating modes: an operating mode when the decompressor is off and a flywheel mode when the decompressor is on. There is also an energy storage device that uses a super flywheel, a flywheel, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor. Also, an external power line can be used. In the method, the transmission can be hydromechanical, electromechanical or pneumatic-mechanical.

EFFECT: functional capabilities of the unit are expanded.

24 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to hybrid powertrains of vehicles and can be used in various hybrid designs: motorcycles, cars, buses, wireless trams and trolleybuses, electric locomotives, diesel locomotives and light metro.

Various energy storage devices are known from the existing level of technology (N.V. Gulia Energy Storage. - M .: Nauka, 1980, - 150 p.), And serial, parallel and mixed schemes of hybrid power units are also known (S.V. Bakhmutov, A.L. Karunin, A.V. Krutashov, V.V. Lomakin, V.V. Selifonov, K.E. Karpukhin, E.E. Baulin, Yu.V. Uryukov "Structural schemes of cars with hybrid power plants" Textbook. - M: MSTU "MAMI. 2007, p. 6-71, and the so-called" transmission "scheme of a hybrid powertrain (SV Nikishin" New hybrid forces aggregates for cars "International scientific journal" Alternative Energy and Ecology "article in AEE No. 8 (28) 2005, pp. 48-51). The disadvantages of these various schemes of hybrid power units with different energy storage are the difficulty in manufacturing, large dimensions and weight and, as a result, high cost, as well as the lack of the ability to easily and inexpensively upgrade any conventional existing car with a piston internal combustion engine into a hybrid car having a simple and inexpensive control a control scooter, with a small size and power battery and electric motor and the achievement of a technical result in fuel economy, improving the environmental performance of the vehicle due to the lack of idling of the internal combustion engine and the possibility of the vehicle moving without fuel consumption by the internal combustion engine.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention and therefore adopted as a prototype is the patent for the invention No. RU 2464182 of 02/01/2011 - "Hybrid powertrain of the vehicle (options)". Authors: Davydov Vitaliy Vladimirovich (RU), Gulia Nurbey Vladimirovich (RU). The prototype according to the first and second options contains an autonomous energy source, a flywheel energy storage device with a mechanical power take-off system, and a supervariator. The supervariator is made with a twofold separation of the power flow and includes two reversible electric machines. Reversible electric machines are mechanically connected by a differential unit. The differential unit includes three differential mechanisms with input and output shafts of the supervariator. An autonomous energy source is made in the form of an electric accumulator. Reversible electric machines are made with the possibility of periodic electrical connection through converters as one with the other, and with an electric accumulator. The hybrid power unit according to the second embodiment further comprises a second autonomous energy source, made in the form of a heat engine. The shaft of the heat engine is made with the possibility of periodic kinematic connection with the input shaft of the supervator.

The disadvantages of the prototype in the first and second options are the difficulty in manufacturing the device as a whole, the large dimensions and weight of the supervator and battery, the complexity of the control controller and, as a consequence, the high cost of the entire device, and additionally in the second embodiment, low environmental friendliness of the device when the heat engine is running (in particular a piston internal combustion engine) at idle, as well as the lack of the ability to easily and inexpensively upgrade any conventional of a developing car with a reciprocating internal combustion engine into a hybrid car having a simple and inexpensive control controller, with a small size and power battery and electric motor, and achieving a technical result in fuel economy, improving the environmental performance of the vehicle due to the lack of idling of the internal engine combustion and the possibility of car movement without fuel consumption.

The objective of the group of inventions (achievement of the technical result) is to create a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle that allows you to have a small battery and an electric motor or electric machine, an internal combustion engine that does not use idle speed, which allows you to efficiently redistribute energy between primary energy sources, driving wheels of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle with hydromechanical, pneumatic mechanomechanical, electromechanical transmissions or their combinations and energy storage, providing significant fuel savings, both due to the operation of primary energy sources and an internal combustion engine in optimal mode, and due to the recovery of braking energy of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, as well as better ecology for by reducing toxic emissions, for these reasons, and allowing to achieve better results in fuel economy, improving environmental performance at reducing the weight, cost and possibility of moving a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle without fuel consumption by an internal combustion engine, and one of the options of which provides the fundamental possibility of a fairly simple and inexpensive upgrade of any conventional existing automobile with a reciprocating internal combustion engine to a hybrid car having a simple and inexpensive control controller, with a small size and power battery and electric motor the achievement of a technical result in fuel economy, improving the environmental performance of the vehicle due to the lack of idling of the internal combustion engine and the possibility of the vehicle moving without fuel consumption, while another of which allows additionally using an external electric line as a primary source, in the form of a section electric line, limited by the stops or parking of public transport, providing the principal is possible creation of hybrid buses, as well as other variants of which allow additional use of at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel made as a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, as an energy storage device which provides a fundamental opportunity to create two-wheeled hybrid cars, buses, trolleybuses, trams and a monorail metro.

This problem is solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source is used, a direct current electric motor, with a control system and a pulse power supply, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functionality of an internal combustion engine uses only normal operating mode: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, electrochemical a battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, as well as a drive incorporating a transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the speed rotation transmitting rotation to the drive wheel drive of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a direct current electric motor, with a control system and switching power supply, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses t there are only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, as well as a drive incorporating a hydromechanical transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of ü changes in the number of revolutions of rotation transmitting rotation to the drive wheel drive of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a reversible electric machine, with a control system and a pulse power supply, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functionality of an internal combustion engine uses only two the typical operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, as well as a drive incorporating an electromechanical transmission operating in combination with a reversible electric machine.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source, in which at least one reversible electric machine, one direct current electric motor, with a control system and switching power supply, an engine are used internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functional capabilities of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: left with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor , as well as a drive incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form hydromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to drive a pair of driving wheels and electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to drive the other pair of vehicle drive wheels.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, one reversible electric machine, one DC motor , with a control system and switching power supply, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functional capabilities of the engine The internal combustion engine uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the included decompressor, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, as well as a drive that incorporates a combined transmission for smooth transmission and torque with the possibility of changing the rotation number of revolutions, as a hydromechanical transmission for transmitting rotation of the drive to one pair of driving wheels and electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation drive of the other pair of vehicle drive wheels.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless device power transmission, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive incorporating an electromechanical transmission, for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, to drive the drive wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless device power transmission, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive, which contains an additional hydromechanical transmission, included in series with the electromechanical transmission, for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of one pair of driving wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless device power transmission, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that contains a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission that transfers rotation to the drive of one pair of driving wheels and an electromechanical transmission that transfers rotation to the drive of another pair of leading vehicle wheels.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a reversible pneumatic machine, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line, in the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or a non-contact power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device, in which at least one super-flywheel, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, a pneumatic accumulator and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that contains a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, as a combination in any combination of electromechanical, hydromechanical and pneumomechanical transmissions transmitting rotation to the drive of one or several other pairs of driving wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source, in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with decomp spring, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyro combined a flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or and ultracapacitors, as a flywheel of the internal combustion engine with rotating parts included decompressor and an electrochemical battery, and the actuator having in its structure an electromechanical transmission for transmitting the torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of the rotation transmitting rotation to drive the vehicle's driving wheels.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source, in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with decomp spring, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyro combined a flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or and supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an additional super-flywheel and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that incorporates an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of the drive wheels of the transport facilities.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source, in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with decomp spring, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyro combined a flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or and supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive containing an additional hydromechanical transmission, connected in series with an electromechanical transmission, for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the speed of rotation, transmitting rotation to drive one pair of driving wheels of a vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source, in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with decomp spring, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyro combined a flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or and supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of one pairs of driving wheels and an electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of another pair of driving wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible pneumatic machine, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line, limited to the stops or stops of public transport with which the vehicle is connected via a contact or non-contact power transmission device, the engine combustion with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel, in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which, at a minimum, are used one gyroscopic combined flywheel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements or a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, a pneumatic accumulator and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions, in the form combinations in any combination of electromechanical, hydromechanical and pneumomechanical transmissions transmitting rotation to the drive of one or several other pairs of drive wheels t transport means.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which, as a minimum m, one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that incorporates an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive wheel of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which, as a minimum m, one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a super flywheel, and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive incorporating an electromechanical transmission for transmission torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which, as a minimum m, one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having an additional hydromechanical transmission included in series with electromechanical transmission, for smooth transmission of torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive leading to EU vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used, in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stop limits or public transport parking with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which, as a minimum m, one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission, transmitting rotation to the drive of one of the driving wheels and an electromechanical transmission, transmitting rotation to the drive of other driving wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible pneumatic tire, a reversible electric machine and an external electrical line are used, in the form of an electric section a line limited by the stops or stops of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, energy storage and, in which, at least, one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an air accumulator and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having composed of a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, as a combination in any combination of electromechanical, hydromechanical and mon evomechanical transmissions transmitting rotation to the drive of one or several other driving wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line are used, the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless device power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive, incorporating an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of the drive wheels of the transpo mercury products.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line are used, the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless device power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a super flywheel, and an electrochemical battery, and also a drive incorporating an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive leading x vehicle wheels.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line are used, the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless device power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive, incorporating an additional hydromechanical transmission, connected in series with an electromechanical transmission, for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing eniya of rotation speed, transmits the rotation to drive the vehicle drive wheels.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line are used, the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless device power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive, incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission that transmits rotation connection to the drive of one of the drive wheels and an electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of other drive wheels of the vehicle.

This problem is also solved by the fact that a hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle is proposed, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible pneumatic machine, a reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source and an external electric source are used line, in the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or stops of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact whether there is a non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a pneumatic accumulator and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of bination in any combination of electro-mechanical, hydro-mechanical transmissions and rotor transmitting rotation drive of one or more other vehicles driving wheels.

The essence of the group of inventions is illustrated by the drawings of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. four.

In the drawing of FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of an embodiment of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle with a reciprocating internal combustion engine, an embodiment with a hydromechanical transmission of which allows easy and inexpensive upgrading of any existing vehicle with a reciprocating internal combustion engine to a hybrid vehicle with a simple, inexpensive control controller and achievement of a technical result in fuel economy, improvement of environmental indicators of transport rtnogo means and without the possibility of movement of the car fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.

The hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle contains a primary energy source in the form of a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source (not shown in the sketch), a DC motor 6, comparable in power and torque to a car electric starter, with a control system and switching power supply 5, for example a commercially available pulsed device for supercapacitor starting a car starter, connected via a control key 2 to the battery 1, for example, a standard automobile sulfuric acid battery and a control controller 3, which controls all the elements of the circuit, and the output shaft of the DC motor 6, through a reducer 10, is connected to the shaft of a reciprocating internal combustion engine 8, structurally designed with a decompressor 4, the decompression mechanism, which is made , for example, as a limiter of the reverse stroke of the exhaust valves of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (MPE), which with the expansion of the received functionality of the MPE It does not use idle mode at all and uses only two standard operating modes, load mode with the decompressor turned off (all MPE valves in the normal mode are controlled by the gas distribution mechanism and the fuel system and the ignition system of the internal combustion engine are included in the operation) and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with enabled decompressor (all exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine are fully open by the actuator of the included decompressor and the fuel system with the ignition system of the internal combustion engine is turned off), energy storage in the form of the flywheel of the rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on and the super-flywheel 9, for example, made in the form of a cylinder connected through the gearbox 10 to the shaft of the internal combustion engine, as well as a battery 1, for example, a regular car sulfuric acid battery, recharged by a standard car generator 7, control controller 3, for example standard automobile controller for controlling the ignition system and the fuel system of the internal combustion engine with additionally introduced control functions of the decompressor 4 actuator, blocking mechanism ki 12 of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 11, a generator 7 and a pulse supercapacitor starting device for a car starter 5, as well as a drive incorporating a transmission for transmitting torque from the output shaft of the gearbox 10, for example, a hydromechanical transmission in the form of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 11 with a mechanism lock 12, which rigidly connects the pump and turbine wheels of the adjustable fluid coupling with lock 11 when a certain speed is reached, and is turned on, sequentially to adjust driven fluid coupling with a lock 11, a mechanical device for changing the number of revolutions of the transmitted torque, for example, in the form of a four-speed mechanical gearbox 13, transmitting rotation to the drive 14 of the driving wheels 15 of the wheeled vehicle. The design and operation of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 11 used in the design of a hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle according to the first embodiment is known from the prior art and is described in utility patent RU 159270 of 04.24.2015.

The operation of the described hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle according to the first embodiment according to the scheme of FIG. 1 is carried out as follows.

Before starting the operation of the device (for example, before leaving the wheeled vehicle from the parking lot), the vehicle ignition key 2, which has two “disconnected” and “on” positions, is switched from the disconnected position to the “on” position and the voltage from battery 1 is supplied to the control controller 3, which controls the operation of the power and ignition systems of the internal combustion engine, the modes of operation of the locking mechanism 12 of the adjustable fluid coupling with locking 11, decompressor 4, generator 7 and the pulse supercapacitor device starting the car starter 5. Immediately after applying the voltage, the control controller 3 puts the supercapacitor of the pulsed device of the supercapacitor start-up of the car starter 5 into standby mode with charging, the lock of the adjustable fluid coupling with the lock 11 puts it in the off position, the decompressor 4 in the on position, and the power and ignition systems MPE in the off position. On the control controller 3, in addition to the standard sensors of the internal combustion engine, the sensors of the position of the control pedal (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 1) of the adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 11 for completely turning off and smoothly turning on the transmitted torque in the transmission, the position of the gear lever 14, the brake pedals and accelerator (not shown in the diagram of FIG. 1). In the mode of operation of the vehicle without consuming MPE fuel, only with electric power consumption - “electric mode”, after turning the vehicle ignition key 2 to the “on” position and reaching the nominal charge level of the supercapacitor of the pulse device of the supercapacitor starting car starter 5, to start the movement of the vehicle just squeeze the control pedal of the adjustable fluid clutch with a lock 11, move the gear shift lever 14 to the “1 speed” position and It’s nice to release the adjustable hydraulic clutch control pedal with the lock 11 without touching the accelerator pedal, and at the same time, at the beginning of the release of the adjustable hydraulic clutch pedal with the lock 11, the control controller 3 gives a command to discharge the supercapacitor of the car starter supercapacitor starting device 5 and the electric motor 6 untwists super flywheel 9 and a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine 8 with the decompressor 4 turned on, as well as an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock of 11 and further at the end of the stroke with a smooth release pedal of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 11, and rotation from the output shaft of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 11 is smoothly transmitted to the gearbox 14 and to the drive 15 of the drive wheels 16 of the vehicle with subsequent locking of the transmitted torque to the adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 11, a locking mechanism 12, controlled by the control controller 3, when reaching a certain speed of the driving wheels 16 of the vehicle. Further, in electric mode, the acceleration of the vehicle is similar to that described above, with the gearbox 14 being shifted up or down when the adjustable hydraulic clutch with the pedal 11 locks off, at the moment of release of which, the electric motor 6 tightens the super-flywheel 9 and the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the engine 8 s enabled decompressor 4. When continuing to move in "electric mode", with any gearbox speed 14 turned on, the control controller 3 periodically shuts down t adjustable locking mechanism 12 locked fluid coupling 11 at the time of the pulsed power supply of the motor 6, and the overall dynamics of the vehicle is governed by a pedal controlled fluid coupling with lock 11 and the brake pedal. This mode can be used when the vehicle leaves the parking lot (parking) and when driving in traffic jams, when dynamic acceleration is not required, as well as when the kinetic energy is stored on the super-flywheel in the mode of greater fuel economy on a flat road to maintain a constant speed and also for the possible mode of movement, if the fuel for MPE has run out. For the dynamic driving mode “complex mode with maximum fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine”, all actions are similar to the electric mode, but only for the dynamic acceleration of the vehicle it is enough to depress the accelerator pedal when releasing the clutch pedal. In this case, the control controller 3 turns off the decompressor 4 and the internal combustion engine 8 from the untwisted flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine is transferred to the load engine mode with the inclusion of fuel and ignition control systems. In the complex mode of the vehicle’s movement, the internal combustion engine also receives periodically an additional tightening torque from the electric motor 6 at the time of the supercapacitor discharge of the super-capacitor start device of the car starter 5 at the command of the control controller 3 at the threshold of operation of the standard vacuum sensor of the control controller 3 for discharge in the intake manifold of the engine 8 in the load mode to improve the dynamics of the car. When the accelerator pedal is released, at the command of the control controller 3, the decompressor 4 is turned on, the fuel and ignition control systems are turned off, and the engine 8 is switched from the load motor mode to the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the engine. Thus, having dispersed a vehicle on a flat stretch of road in an integrated mode with stored kinetic energy in a super-flywheel, then you can only twist the drive wheels in electric mode to achieve the most economical and environmentally friendly mode of movement of the vehicle. Planned (non-emergency) braking of the vehicle is carried out with the recovery of the kinetic energy of braking into the energy of the super-flywheel 9, by gradually increasing the transmission ratio of the gearbox 14, determined by the operator, while slowing the speed of the vehicle. For the vehicle braking mode, it is enough to smoothly press the brake pedal, within the pedal free play, until the main brake system is activated, having released the accelerator pedal and without touching the adjustable hydraulic clutch control pedal with lock 11 and gearbox shift lever 14, and at the same time the control controller 3 will give an impulse to turn on the locking mechanism 12 of the adjustable fluid clutch with a lock 11 and to turn on the decompressor 4, transferring the internal combustion engine 8 from the load motor mode to the flywheel mode in the form of BP parts of the internal combustion engine, with the fuel and ignition control system turned off, and to control the generator 7 in the charge mode of the battery 1. In this way, efficient energy recovery is achieved when the vehicle is braked by sequentially switching the gearbox 14 downshifts by the operator, and the braking energy is effectively it is accumulated in separate streams by the super-flywheel 9 and the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine 8, as well as by the electric battery 1. Since the electric motor 6 works, Since in the pulse mode with power at the periodic moment of discharge of the supercapacitor of the car starter supercapacitor start device 5, in the design of the hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle according to this option it is enough to have one inexpensive regular automobile sulfuric acid battery 12 V and 75 Ah, whose energy, as you know, enough to disperse a railway locomotive. The recovery of braking energy is a significant factor in increasing the efficiency of a vehicle, and in the urban driving cycle, for example, the recovery of braking energy of a car into the kinetic energy of flywheels can save 30-40% of fuel consumption by a car. In all modes of operation, an additional source of electricity from a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source may be used.

The described construction of a variant of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle according to the scheme of FIG. 1 can also be used for simple and inexpensive modernization of any existing car with a reciprocating internal combustion engine into a hybrid car with a simple, inexpensive control controller, and for this it is enough to introduce a decompressor mechanism into the design of the piston engine head, replace the standard engine flywheel with a gearbox, for example in the form of a chain drive with three sprockets, small, medium and large diameters, and further complement the design of the car with a super-flywheel with an additional raising p a dcuctor that connects to the small sprocket of the main gearbox, a dc motor is connected to the middle sprocket of the gearbox, for which it is necessary to supplement the vehicle’s design with a super-capacitor starter for the car starter, the crankshaft of a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a decompressor is connected on one side to the shaft and, on the other hand, the pump wheel of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock, which is installed instead of w then a dry friction clutch assembly, and then to the turbine wheel of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock, a regular car transmission with a gearbox and drive wheels is connected. As a control controller that controls all elements of the circuit, a standard ignition and fuel injector control engine for a piston engine can be used, supplemented with control functions for a supercapacitor starter for a car starter, a decompressor, an automobile generator, an adjustable hydraulic coupling lock mechanism with a lock. A modernized car that is quite simple and inexpensive according to this scheme receives all the advantages of a hybrid car with achieving a technical result in fuel economy, improving the environmental performance of the vehicle and the possibility of moving the car without fuel consumption by an internal combustion engine. An embodiment in which the primary energy source contains a reversible electric machine instead of a direct current electric motor, and the drive contains an electromechanical transmission operating in combination with a reversible electric machine, it allows only an electromechanical transmission in a wheeled vehicle and the general algorithm of the device is similar to that described above. An embodiment in which the primary energy source contains a reversible electric machine, and the drive contains a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of one pair of driving wheels and an electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation on the drive of another pair of driving wheels of the vehicle allows you to have a switchable all-wheel drive version of the wheeled vehicle a, the general algorithm of which is similar to the above.

In the drawing of FIG. 2 is a functional diagram of an embodiment of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle with a preferred gas turbine internal combustion engine, which is known to be several times smaller in weight and size of a piston engine of equal power, and with several primary energy sources, with a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a pneumomechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of one pair traveling wheels and electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to drive the other pair of driving wheels of a wheeled vehicle that can be used for urban public wheeled vehicle with fixed stops for boarding and landing of passengers, such as hybrid designs buses.

The hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle contains a complex primary source of electric energy, in the form of a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source (not shown in the sketch) and a section of the contact network limited by the stops of public transport, for example, connected through the movable contact of the current collector 11 of the wheeled vehicle, as well as a reversible electric machine 9, and mechanical energy, in the form of a reversible pneumatic machine 8, connected through a gear 7 to the gas shaft of an internal combustion engine 6, a gas turbine internal combustion engine 6 (GTDV) with a decompressor 4, a structurally decompression mechanism that is designed, for example, as a bypass duct with gates that combine the compressor inlet and the output of the turbine engine, which uses the expanded functionality of the gas turbine engine only two normal operating modes, load with the decompressor turned off (bypass-gate is disconnected from the compressor inlet and the turbine engine turbine outlet) and the flywheel mode parts of a gas turbine engine with a decompressor turned on (a bypass gate is connected to the compressor inlet and a turbine gas turbine outlet), an energy storage device in the form of a battery 1, an air accumulator 10 and two high-speed flywheels, a flywheel in the form of a rotating gas turbine engine with a decompressor turned on and, for example, a super flywheel 5 in the form of a cylinder connected through a reducer 7 to the shaft of the gas turbine engine 6, the shaft of a reversible air machine 8 and the shaft of a reversible electric machine 9, as well as a drive with a combined transmission, for transmission and torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions, for example electromechanical, in the form used in the scheme of a reversible electric machine 9, working in conjunction with motor-wheels 12 of an electromechanical transmission of one pair of driving wheels 14 of the vehicle and pneumomechanical, in the form used in the scheme of a reversible pneumatic machine 8 connected through a pneumatic accumulator 10 with reversible pneumatic machines 13 pneumomechanical transmission connected to another pair of driving wheels 14 of the vehicle, as well as forces The transport vehicle wheeled unit contains a control controller 3. As a control controller 3, which controls all the elements of the circuit, a standard gas turbine engine control controller can be used, supplemented with control functions for the gas turbine engine decompressor 4, a reversible electric machine 9 with motor wheels 12, and a reversible pneumatic machine 8 s pneumatic accumulator 10 and reversible pneumatic machines 13, as well as control the operating mode of the current collector 11, connected through a movable contact to the section of the contact network, limited to elami standing or parking of public transport. On the control controller 3, in addition to the standard sensors of the gas turbine engine 6, the charge sensors of the electric battery 1, the pneumatic accumulator 10 and the tachometer of the super flywheel 5 are affected, the position sensor of the movable contact of the current collector 11 (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 2), the position sensors of the brake pedal, the accelerator pedal having two ranges of pedal travel, from 0 to 30 degrees for using the energy stored in the drive and from 30 to 60 degrees with the transfer of the engine from the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the engine to the load mode, with general adjustment by changing the number of revolutions of rotation of the combined transmission, as well as the sensor of the program lever by three positions “forward”, “neutral”, “back” (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 2), which act on the control controller 3, and in the position of the program lever “ neutral ", when the vehicle is stopped, the control controller 3 also applies the parking brake of the vehicle.

The operation of the described hybrid powertrain of the vehicle wheeled vehicle according to the scheme of FIG. 2 is carried out as follows.

Before starting the operation of the device (for example, before leaving a public vehicle from the parking lot), the vehicle ignition key 2, which has two “off” and “on” positions, is switched from the off position to the “on” position and the voltage from battery 1 is supplied to the control controller 3. Immediately after applying voltage from the battery 1 to the control controller 3, the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 is turned on and the fuel and ignition systems are turned off, transferring the gas turbine engine 6 to the fly mode ka in the form of rotating parts GTDVS, and the movable contact of the current collector 11 is connected to a portion of a contact network, limited standing or parking outside public transport. The voltage from the section of the contact network is fed to a reversible electric machine 9, which, in the electric motor mode, by the command of the control controller 3, spins through the gearbox 7, the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the gas turbine engine 6 with the decompressor 4 and super-flywheel 5 turned on, to nominal speeds, and also the controller control 3 puts the reversible pneumatic machine 8 into compressor mode for injecting atmospheric air under pressure into the pneumatic accumulator 10 and after a few minutes the vehicle is ready to start driving energy storage. To move the vehicle forward, the program lever from the “neutral” position is moved to the “forward” position, while the control controller 3 disconnects the movable contact of the current collector 11 from the contact network section limited by the stops or stops of public transport, as well as the parking brake of the vehicle. And then the vehicle begins to move forward smoothly with the operator adjusting the speed of movement by adjusting the position of the accelerator pedal in the initial range up to 30 degrees, using the energy stored in the drive, which is distributed by the control controller 3 to drive through an electromechanical transmission of one pair of drive wheels 14 and / or through pneumomechanical transmission of another pair of driving wheels 14 of the vehicle. When reducing the energy stored in the drive, as well as the need for dynamic acceleration, determined by the operator by adjusting the position of the accelerator pedal in the next range from 30 to 60 degrees, control controller 3 turns off the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 and turns on the fuel system and the gas turbine engine ignition system, transferring the gas turbine engine from the mode a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of a gas turbine engine in a load mode and at the same time the control controller 3 controls the energy of the gas engine and distributes it between the super-flywheel 5, the electric accumulator 1, pneumatic accumulator 10, electromechanical transmission one pair of driving wheels 14 and / or the rotor transmission of the other pair of driving wheels 14 of the vehicle. If it is necessary to brake the vehicle, it is enough for the operator to release the accelerator pedal and gently press the brake pedal, while the control controller 3 turns on the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 and turns off the gas turbine engine and ignition system, transferring the gas turbine engine from the load mode to the flywheel in the form of rotating gas turbine engine parts, and reversible machines of electromechanical transmission of one pair of drive wheels 14 and / or pneumomechanical transmission of another pair of drive wheels 14 of a vehicle recover brake energy drive to drive. To move the vehicle backward, the program lever from the “neutral” position is moved to the “backward” position and the operation algorithm of the entire device is similar to the forward movement mode. When the vehicle stops at a public transport stop, with a contact network area limited by the limits of a public transport stop, the control controller 3 turns on the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 and turns off the fuel system and ignition system, turning the gas turbine engine 6 into flywheel mode in the form of rotary engine gas turbine engines with the decompressor turned on, and the movable contact of the current collector 11 is connected to the site of the contact network, limited by the stops or parking of public transport. The voltage from the section of the contact network is fed to a reversible electric machine 9, which, in the electric motor mode, by the command of the control controller 3, spins through the gear 7, the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the gas turbine engine with the decompressor and super-flywheel 5 turned on, to the nominal speed, and at the same time also the control controller 3 puts the reversible pneumatic machine 8 into compressor mode for injecting atmospheric air under pressure into the pneumatic accumulator 10 and after the time required for boarding and disembarking passengers, the vehicle is ready in the continuation of the movement in the energy stored in the accumulator. This allows you to fully receive additional benefits from the use of a larger number of primary energy sources and storage devices, as well as a gas turbine engine, which help reduce the weight and dimensions of the power unit, as well as increase the reliability and flexibility of the entire device, and also allows you to most effectively use and redistribute energy between primary energy sources, driving wheels of a vehicle and energy storage, which provides significant savings Libya both due to the operation of primary energy sources and a gas turbine engine in optimal mode, and due to the recovery of the braking energy of the vehicle, as well as significantly improve the ecology of a public vehicle by reducing toxic emissions. In all modes of operation, an additional source of electricity from a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source may be used.

In the drawing of FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of an embodiment of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle with a gyroscopic combined flywheel, with a preferred gas turbine internal combustion engine, which, as is known, is several times smaller in weight and size of a piston engine of equal power, and with several primary energy sources, with combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a pneumomechanical transmission these transmitting rotation to the drive of one wheel and an electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of the other drive wheel of a two-wheeled vehicle, which can be used for intercity public wheeled vehicle with fixed stops, for boarding and boarding passengers, unconnected by electric lines, for example, designs of two-wheeled narrow-gauge hybrid cars, buses and a light hybrid metro, cat stability and energy efficiency ryh due to the use of combined gyroscopic flywheel.

The hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle contains a complex primary source of electric energy, in the form of a contact network section limited by the limits of a public transport stop, for example, connected through a movable contact of the current collector 11 of a wheeled vehicle, as well as a reversible electric machine 9, and mechanical energy, in the form of a reversible pneumatic machine 8, connected through a gear 7 to the shaft of a gas turbine internal combustion engine 6, gas turbine internal combustion engine 6 (GTDVS) with decompressor 4, a structural decompression mechanism, which is, for example, a bypass duct with gates that combine the compressor inlet and the turbine engine output, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the gas turbine engine, uses only two standard operating modes, load mode with the decompressor turned off (bypass duct the gate is disconnected from the compressor inlet and the turbine engine’s turbine outlet) and the flywheel mode is in the form of rotating parts of the gas turbine engine with the decompressor turned on (bypass-gate is connected to the input to compressor and turbine turbine engine outlet), an energy storage device in the form of a battery 1, a pneumatic accumulator 10 and two high-speed flywheels, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of a gas turbine engine with a decompressor turned on, and a gyroscopic combined flywheel 5 made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely, for example, only with elements supercapacitors that can be connected through a control controller 3 to the circuit of a reversible electric machine 9, which is switched on mechanically through a reducer 7 to the shaft of the gas turbine engine 6, the shaft of a reversible pneumatic machine s 8 and the shaft of a reversible electric machine 9, as well as a drive having a combined transmission for transmitting torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, for example electromechanical, in the form of a reversible electric machine 9 used in the circuit, working in conjunction with a motor wheel 12 electromechanical transmission of one driving wheel 13 of a two-wheeled vehicle and pneumomechanical, in the form used in the scheme of a reversible pneumatic machine 8, connected through a pneumatic accumulator 10 with a reversible mon the machine 14 pneumatic transmission connected to another drive wheel 15 of a two-wheeled vehicle, as well as a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle contains a control controller 3. As a control controller 3, which controls all the elements of the circuit, can be used regular controller GTDVS, supplemented by mode control functions operation of the gas turbine engine decompressor 4, a reversible electric machine 9 with a motor wheel 12, a reversible pneumatic machine 8 with an air accumulator 10, and a reversible mon vmomashinoy 14 drive wheels 15, and the management mode of operation of the current collector 11, connected through a movable contact to a portion of a contact network, limited standing or parking outside public transport. On the control controller 3, in addition to the standard sensors of the gas turbine engine 6, the charge sensors of the electric accumulator battery 1, the charge level of the pneumatic accumulator 10 and supercapacitors, as well as the tachometer of the gyroscopic combined flywheel 5, the position sensor of the movable contact of the current collector 11 (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 2) are affected by sensors the position of the brake pedal, the accelerator pedal, which has two ranges of pedal travel, from 0 to 30 degrees to use the energy stored in the drive and from 30 to 60 degrees with the transfer of gas turbine engines from flywheel mode and in the form of rotating parts of a gas turbine engine in load mode, with general regulation of the change in the number of revolutions of rotation of the combined transmission, as well as the sensor of the program lever into three positions “forward”, “neutral”, “back” (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 2), which act on the control controller 3, and in the neutral position of the software lever, when the vehicle is stopped, the control controller 3 also applies the parking brake of the vehicle, and when the ignition key 2 is turned off, when setting the vehicle CTBA parked, controller 3 also lowers the vehicle body on the parking supports, omitting adjustable suspension (in the diagram of FIG. 3 not shown) of the driving wheels 13 and 15.

The operation of the described hybrid powertrain of the vehicle wheeled vehicle according to the scheme of FIG. 3 is carried out as follows.

Before starting the operation of the device (for example, before leaving a public vehicle from the parking lot), the vehicle ignition key 2, which has two “off” and “on” positions, is switched from the off position to the “on” position and the voltage from battery 1 is supplied to the control controller 3. Immediately after applying voltage from the battery 1 to the control controller 3, the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 is turned on and the fuel and ignition systems are turned off, transferring the gas turbine engine 6 to the fly mode ka in the form of rotating parts GTDVS, and the movable contact of the current collector 11 is connected to a portion of a contact network, limited standing or parking outside public transport. The voltage from the section of the contact network is supplied to a reversible electric machine 9, which, in the electric motor mode, by the command of the control controller 3, spins through the gearbox 7, the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the gas turbine engine 6 with the decompressor 4 turned on and the gyroscopic combined flywheel 5 to the nominal speed, and also control controller 3 puts the reversible pneumatic machine 8 into compressor mode for injecting atmospheric air under pressure into the pneumatic accumulator 10, as well as the charge of the gyroscopic supercapacitors Combined flywheel 5 and after a few minutes the vehicle is ready to start driving on the energy stored in the drive. To move the vehicle forward, the program lever from the “neutral” position is moved to the “forward” position and the control controller 3 lifts the vehicle body from the parking stops, raising the adjustable suspension (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 3) of the driving wheels 13 and 15 , and also disconnects the movable contact of the current collector 11 from the site of the contact network, limited by the stops or parking of public transport, as well as the parking brake of the vehicle. And then a two-wheeled vehicle, the stability of which is ensured by the gyroscopic combined flywheel 5, starts smooth forward movement with the operator adjusting the speed of movement by adjusting the position of the accelerator pedal in the initial range up to 30 degrees, using the energy stored in the drive, which is distributed by the controller 3 to drive through the electromechanical transmission of one drive wheel 13 and / or through a pneumatic transmission of another drive wheel 15 two forest vehicle. When reducing the energy stored in the drive, as well as the need for dynamic acceleration and better stability, determined by the operator by adjusting the position of the accelerator pedal in the next range from 30 to 60 degrees, control controller 3 turns off the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 and turns on the fuel system and the gas turbine engine ignition system, translating A gas turbine engine from a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of a gas engine ovannym flywheel 5, one of electric accumulators, pneumatic accumulator 10, electromechanical transmission of the drive wheel 13 and / or another master rotor transmission wheel 15 two-wheeled vehicle. If it is necessary to brake a two-wheeled vehicle, it is enough for the operator to release the accelerator pedal and gently press the brake pedal, while the control controller 3 turns on the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 and turns off the gas turbine engine and ignition system, transferring the gas turbine engine from the load mode to the flywheel in the form of rotating gas turbine engine parts, and reversible machines of electromechanical transmission of one drive wheel 13 and / or pneumomechanical transmission of another drive wheel 15 of a two-wheeled vehicle p The braking energy is stored in the drive. To move backward a stopped two-wheeled vehicle, the program lever from the “neutral” position is moved to the “back” position and the algorithm of the entire device is similar to the forward movement mode. When a two-wheeled vehicle stops at a public transport stop, with a contact network area limited by the limits of a public transport stop, control controller 3 turns on the gas turbine engine decompressor 4 and turns off the fuel system and ignition system, putting the gas turbine engine 6 into flywheel mode in the form of rotary engine gas turbine engines with the decompressor turned on and the movable contact of the current collector 11 is connected to a section of the contact network limited by the stops or parking of public transport. The voltage from the section of the contact network is fed to a reversible electric machine 9, which, in the electric motor mode, by the command of the control controller 3, spins through the gearbox 7, the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the gas turbine engine with the decompressor turned on and the gyroscopic combined flywheel 5, to rated speeds, and also the controller control 3 puts the reversible pneumatic machine 8 into compressor mode for injecting atmospheric air under pressure into the pneumatic accumulator 10, as well as the charge of the gyroscopic super supercapacitors inirovannogo flywheel 5, and after a certain time required for boarding and alighting of passengers, the two-wheeled vehicle is ready to continue the movement in the energy stored in the accumulator. This allows you to fully receive additional benefits from the use of a larger number of primary energy sources and storage devices, as well as a gas turbine engine, which help reduce the weight and dimensions of the power unit, as well as increase the reliability and flexibility of the entire device, and also allows you to most effectively use and redistribute energy between primary energy sources, driving wheels of a vehicle and energy storage, which provides significant savings Libya both due to the operation of primary energy sources and a gas turbine engine in optimal mode, and due to the recovery of braking energy of a two-wheeled vehicle, as well as significantly improving the ecology of a public vehicle by reducing toxic emissions and allows the creation of two-wheeled vehicles that can be used for long-distance public narrow-gauge wheeled vehicle with fixed stops, for disembarking and boarding passengers interconnected by electric lines, for example, for designs of two-wheeled hybrid cars, buses and a light hybrid metro, the stability and power ratio of which is due to the use of gyroscopic combined flywheels and which can be used on narrow gauge extension lines to solve transport problems in megacities. In all operating modes, an additional source of electricity from a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source may also be used.

In the drawing of FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of an embodiment of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, with a gyroscopic combined flywheel without the use of an internal combustion engine, with a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to a single wheel drive and an electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of another drive wheel of a two-wheeled transport medium which can be used for an intercity public wheeled vehicle with fixed stops, for disembarking and boarding passengers with unconnected electric lines, for example, designs of two-wheeled hybrid electric narrow-gauge cars - taxis, trolleybuses, trams and a light hybrid metro, the stability and power of which is due to the use of gyroscopic combined flywheels and which can be used on narrow gauge remote lines or dedicated narrow lanes to solve transport problems in megacities.

The hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle contains a complex primary source of electric energy, in the form of a reversible electric machine 8, and also in the form of a contact network section limited by the stops of public transport, for example, an energy storage device in the form of a battery connected via a movable contact of the current collector 10 of a two-wheeled vehicle 1, as well as, for example, two identical gyroscopic combined flywheels 4 and 5, made in the form of hollow cylinders filled In total, for example, only by elements of capacitors that can be connected through the control controller 3 to the electrical circuit of a reversible electric machine 8, mechanically connected via a gearbox 6 to the shaft of a reversible electric machine 8, as well as a drive with a combined transmission for transmitting torque with the possibility of changes in the number of revolutions of rotation, for example, electromechanical, in the form of a reversible electric machine 8 used in the circuit, working in conjunction with a motor-wheel 12 of an electromechanical trans of a single drive wheel 11 of a two-wheeled vehicle and hydromechanical, in the form of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 7, connected by a pump wheel to the gearbox 6 and a turbine wheel to the input shaft, for example, a variator 9, the output shaft of which is connected to the drive 13 of the other drive wheel 14 of the two-wheeled vehicle means, as well as a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, comprises a control controller 3 with functions for controlling the operating modes of a reversible electric machine 8 with a motor wheel 12, using charge modes - discharge by elements of supercapacitors of two gyroscopic combined flywheels 4 and 5, operating modes of an adjustable fluid coupling with a lock 7 and a variator 9, as well as controlling the operating mode of the current collector 10, which is connected via a movable contact to a section of the contact network that is limited by the stops or stops of public transport . The control controller 3 is affected by the charge sensors of the electric battery 1, tachometers and charge levels of the gyro combined flywheel capacitors 4 and 5, the position sensor of the movable contact of the current collector 10 and the position and regulation sensors of the control mechanisms of the variator 9 and the adjustable fluid coupling with blocking 7 (in the diagram of FIG. 4 are not shown), position sensors of the brake pedal, accelerator pedal, and also the sensor of the program lever for three positions “forward”, “neutral”, “back” (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 4 (n)), which act on the control controller 3, and in the neutral position of the program lever, when the vehicle is stopped, the control controller 3 also applies the parking brake of the vehicle, and when the control key 2 is turned off, when the vehicle is parked, the control controller 3 also lowers the vehicle body onto the parking stops, lowering the adjustable suspension (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 4) of the drive wheels 11 and 14.

The operation of the described hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle according to the scheme of FIG. 4 is carried out as follows.

Before starting the operation of the device (for example, before leaving a public vehicle from the parking lot), the vehicle control key 2, which has two “disconnected” and “on” positions, is switched from the disconnected position to the “on” position and the voltage from battery 1 is supplied to the control controller 3. Immediately after applying voltage from the battery 1 to the control controller 3, it transfers the adjustable fluid coupling with the lock 7 to the off position, disconnecting the pump wheel and the turbine wheel, connecting data to the input shaft of the variator 9, which in this case is translated into a lower gear, and the movable contact of the current collector 10 is connected to a section of the contact network limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport. The voltage from the contact network section is fed to a reversible electric machine 8, which, in the electric motor mode, by the command of the control controller 3, spins through the reducer 6, the gyroscopic combined flywheels 4 and 5 to the nominal speed, and at the same time provides the charge of the capacitors of the gyroscopic combined flywheels 4 and 5, and after a few minutes, the vehicle is ready to start driving on the energy stored in the drive. To move the vehicle forward, the program lever from the “neutral” position is moved to the “forward” position and the control controller 3 lifts the vehicle body from the parking stops, raising the adjustable suspension (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 4) of the drive wheels 11 and 14 , and also disconnects the movable contact of the current collector 10 from the contact network section, limited by the stops or stops of public transport and the parking brake of the vehicle. And then a two-wheeled vehicle, the stability of which is ensured by two identical, gyroscopic combined flywheels 4 and 5, starts smoothly moving forward with the operator adjusting the speed of movement by adjusting the position of the accelerator pedal using the energy stored in the drive, which is distributed by the control controller 3 for driving through an electromechanical transmission of one drive wheel 11 and / or through a hydromechanical transmission of another drive wheel 14 of a two-wheeled vehicle. The distance on routes between places of stopping or parking of public transport with sections of the contact network limited by the limits of stopping or parking of public transport is selected depending on the amount of energy stored in the drive that is sufficient for guaranteed movement on the route between stops. If it is necessary to brake a two-wheeled vehicle, it is enough for the operator to release the accelerator pedal and gently press the brake pedal, while the control controller 3 puts the reversible electromechanical transmission machines of one drive wheel 11 and the hydromechanical transmission of the other drive wheel 14 of the vehicle into recovery mode, returning the braking energy to the drive . To move the vehicle backward, the program lever from the “neutral” position is moved to the “backward” position and the control controller 3 in reverse mode only connects the electromechanical transmission of one drive wheel 11 without connecting the hydromechanical transmission of the other drive wheel 14 and the algorithm of the two-wheeled vehicle is similar forward mode. When a two-wheeled vehicle stops at a public transport stop, with a contact network section limited by public transport stop limits, control controller 3 disables the electromechanical and hydromechanical transmission, applies the parking brake and connects the movable contact of the current collector 10 to the contact network section, limited by the limits of the public stop or parking transport. The voltage from the contact network section is fed to a reversible electric machine 8, which, in the electric motor mode, by the command of the control controller 3, spins through the reducer 6, the gyroscopic combined flywheels 4 and 5, to the rated speed and ensures the charge of their capacitors and after the time required for landing and disembarkation passengers, the vehicle is ready to continue driving on the energy stored in the drive. This allows you to fully receive additional benefits from the use of a larger number of primary sources and energy storage, as well as to obtain vehicles with an absolutely clean environment, which has increased reliability and flexibility of the entire device, and also allows you to most effectively use and redistribute energy between primary energy sources, driving wheels of the vehicle and energy storage and allows you to create two-wheeled vehicles that can be used for an intracity public wheeled vehicle with fixed stops, for boarding and boarding passengers that are not connected by electric lines, for example, designs of two-wheeled hybrid electric narrow-gauge cars - taxis, trolleybuses, trams and a light hybrid metro, the stability and power of which is due to the use of gyro combined flywheels and which can be used on narrow gauge extension lines or dedicated narrow lanes to solve transport problems in megacities. In all operating modes, an additional source of electricity from a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source may also be used.

The described group of inventions with all variants of execution allows to obtain a high economic and environmental effect in the operation of vehicles and is very important primarily for urban public transport to solve transport and environmental problems in megacities.

Thus, the group of inventions allows to create, along with the usual two-wheeled hybrid vehicles, and covers several dozen possible designs of hybrid power units of a wheeled vehicle created using various types of internal combustion engines (piston engine, gas turbine engine, Wankel engine, etc. .) with decompressors of various types and designs or without using different types of internal combustion engines, different primary energy sources, for example, electric energy for operating an electric motor or a reversible electric machine, powered from various devices, for example, from a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a battery, a capacitor and an external source of electricity connected through a contact or non-contact device, or mechanical energy, such as a pneumatic actuator, reversible pneumatic machines, electric drives (battery, capacitor, etc.) and mechanical energy (flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, a gyroscopic combined flywheel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a super flywheel, a pneumatic accumulator, etc.), various electromechanical circuits, pneumomechanical or hydromechanical transmissions transmitting rotation to a different number of driving wheels of a vehicle.

Thanks to the above, in the group of inventions a technical result is achieved consisting in the creation of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, which allows to have a small battery, electric motor or electric machine, an internal combustion engine that does not use idle speed, which allows efficiently distributing energy between primary sources energy driven wheels of a hybrid powertrain wheeled vehicle with option hydromechanical, pneumomechanical, electromechanical transmissions or their combinations and energy storage, providing significant fuel savings, both due to the operation of primary energy sources and an internal combustion engine in optimal mode, and due to the recovery of braking energy of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, as well as better ecology by reducing toxic emissions, for the indicated reasons, and allowing to achieve the best result in fuel economy, improving environmental logical indicators when reducing the weight, cost and possibility of movement of a hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle without fuel consumption by an internal combustion engine, and one of the options which provides the fundamental possibility of a fairly simple and inexpensive upgrade of any conventional existing car with a piston internal combustion engine to a hybrid car having a simple and inexpensive control controller, with small size and power of the battery by a tarea and an electric motor and achieving a technical result in fuel economy, improving the environmental performance of a vehicle due to the absence of an idle speed of the internal combustion engine and the possibility of moving the vehicle without fuel consumption, while another of which allows additionally using an external electric line as a primary source , in the form of a section of an electric line, limited by the stops or parking of public transport, I provide the fundamental possibility of creating hybrid buses, as well as other variants of which make it possible to additionally use at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel made as a hollow cylinder, completely filled in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, which provides a fundamental opportunity to create two-wheeled hybrid cars, buses, trolleybuses, trams and monorail metro.

Claims (24)

1. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source is used, a direct current electric motor with a control system and switching power supply, an internal combustion engine with decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with off by means of a direct decompressor and a flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, and a drive incorporating a transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive vehicle wheels. 2. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source is used, a direct current electric motor with a control system and a pulse power supply, an internal combustion engine with decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with off by means of a manual decompressor and a flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, and a drive incorporating a hydromechanical transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting increment to drive the vehicle drive wheels. 3. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source is used, a reversible electric machine with a control system and a pulse power supply, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor which, with the expansion of the received functional capabilities of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with off a compressor and a flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, as well as a drive incorporating an electromechanical transmission operating in combination with a reversible electric machine. 4. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, one direct current electric motor with a control system and pulse power supply, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which By expanding the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, it uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, as well as a drive having composed of a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission, transmitting rotational the drive of one pair of drive wheels and an electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of another pair of drive wheels of the vehicle. 5. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, one reversible electric machine, one direct current electric motor with a control system and switching power supply are used , an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functionality of an internal combustion engine uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super-flywheel is used, the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, the electrochemical battery and a capacitor or supercapacitor, as well as a drive incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number and the rotational speed in the form of a hydromechanical transmission for transmitting rotation of the drive to one pair of driving wheels and electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation drive of the other pair of vehicle drive wheels. 6. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line in the form of a section of an electric line are limited stopping or parking public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, internal engine its combustion with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one a super flywheel, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having incorporating an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, to drive the drive wheels of the vehicle. 7. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source is used, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line in the form of a section of an electric line limited by stopping or parking public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, internal engine its combustion with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super flywheel, flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive, a cat each one contains an additional hydromechanical transmission, connected in series with the electromechanical transmission, for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of one pair of driving wheels of the vehicle. 8. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source is used, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line in the form of a section of an electric line limited by stops or parking of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or contactless electric power transmission device, internal engine its combustion with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of the internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one super flywheel, flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive, a cat each one contains a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission that transfers rotation to the drive of one pair of drive wheels, and an electromechanical transmission that transfers rotation to the drive of another pair of drive wheels of the vehicle. 9. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source, a reversible pneumatic machine, a reversible electric machine and an external electrical line in the form of a section of an electric line are used limited to the stops or parking lots of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact electric power transmission device rgii, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which, with the expansion of the received functionality of an internal combustion engine, uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least , use one super-flywheel, a flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, a pneumatic accumulator and an electric a rechargeable accumulator, as well as a drive that contains a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, as a combination in any combination of electromechanical, hydromechanical and pneumomechanical transmissions that transmit rotation to the drive of one or more other pairs of leading vehicle wheels. 10. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of the electric line limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact electric power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functions The internal capabilities of the internal combustion engine use only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder is used completely filled in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating I have parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that incorporates an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive wheels of the vehicle. 11. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact electric power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functions The internal capabilities of the internal combustion engine use only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder is used completely filled in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating I have parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, an additional super-flywheel and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that incorporates an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive wheel of the vehicle. 12. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact electric power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functions The internal capabilities of the internal combustion engine use only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder is used completely filled in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating I have parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that contains an additional hydromechanical transmission in series with an electromechanical transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of one pair of drive wheels vehicle. 13. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stops or stops of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact electric power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which with the expansion of the received functions The internal capabilities of the internal combustion engine use only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder is used completely filled in any combination with elements of either a battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a flywheel in the form of rotating I have parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive that has a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission that transmits rotation to the drive of one pair of drive wheels, and an electromechanical transmission transmitting rotation to the drive of another pair of drive wheels of the vehicle. 14. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible pneumatic machine, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stops or stops of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an internal combustion engine with a decompressor, which By rhenium of the obtained capabilities of the internal combustion engine, it uses only two standard operating modes: load with the decompressor turned off and the flywheel mode in the form of rotating parts of the internal combustion engine with the decompressor turned on, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is made in the form hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements, or of a battery, and / or capacitors, and / or supercapacitors, m an flywheel in the form of rotating parts of an internal combustion engine with a decompressor turned on, a pneumatic accumulator and an electrochemical accumulator, as well as a drive incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the rotation speed, as a combination in any combination of electromechanical, hydromechanical and pneumomechanical transmissions transmitting rotation to the drive of one or more other pairs of driving wheels of the vehicle. 15. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combination is used this flywheel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery, and / or capacitors, and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive incorporating an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility changes in the number of revolutions of rotation transmitting rotation to the drive wheel drive of the vehicle. 16. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combination is used This flywheel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a battery, and / or capacitors, and / or supercapacitors, a super flywheel, and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive incorporating an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque , with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle. 17. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combination is used This flywheel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery, and / or capacitors, and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having an additional hydromechanical transmission in series with an electromechanical transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle. 18. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the limits of the stop or parking of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combination is used this flywheel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery, and / or capacitors, and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission, transmitting rotation to the drive of one of the driving wheels, and an electromechanical transmission, transmitting rotation to the drive of other leading to oles vehicle. 19. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible pneumatic machine, a reversible electric machine and an external electric line are used in the form of a section of an electric line limited by the stops or stops of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, an energy storage device in which at least one gyro is used a replicated combined flywheel made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an air accumulator and an electrochemical battery, as well as an actuator incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque moment, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a combination in any combination of electromechanical, hydromechanical and pneumomechanical transmissions transmitting rotational driving one or more other drive wheels of a vehicle. 20. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line in the form of a section of an electric line are limited within stops or parking of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, energy storage and, in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, and also a drive having electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive wheel of the vehicle. 21. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line in the form of a section of an electric line limited by stops or parking of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, energy storage and, in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a super flywheel, and an electrochemical battery, as well as a drive having an electromechanical transmission for transmitting torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotation to the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle. 22. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line in the form of a section of an electric line limited by stops or parking of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, energy storage and, in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, and also a drive having includes an additional hydromechanical transmission, connected in series with the electromechanical transmission, for smooth transmission of torque, with the possibility of changing the number of revolutions of rotation, transmitting rotational driving wheel drive. 23. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or an alternative renewable energy source and an external electric line in the form of a section of an electric line are limited within stops or parking of public transport, with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact power transmission device, energy storage and, in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, an electrochemical battery, and also a drive having composed of a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, in the form of a hydromechanical transmission, transmitting rotation to the drive of one of the drive wheels, and electric -mechanical transmission that transmits the rotation to drive other vehicles driving wheels. 24. A hybrid power unit of a wheeled vehicle, characterized in that it includes a primary energy source in which at least one reversible pneumatic machine, a reversible electric machine, a fuel cell or alternative renewable energy source and an external electrical line in the form of an electric line section are used limited by the stops or stops of public transport with which the vehicle is connected through a contact or non-contact electric power transmission device Russia, an energy storage device in which at least one gyroscopic combined flywheel is used, made in the form of a hollow cylinder filled completely in any combination with elements of either a storage battery and / or capacitors and / or supercapacitors, a pneumatic accumulator and an electrochemical battery, and also a drive incorporating a combined transmission for smooth transmission of torque, with the ability to change the number of revolutions of rotation, as a combination in any combination of electromechanical hydromechanical and pneumomechanical transmissions transmitting rotation to the drive of one or more other driving wheels of the vehicle.

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