RU2657724C2 - Switching system of executive bodies and method of nondestructive testing of operability and disconnection of switching points and executive bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: management system control.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to management system control. Switching system of the executive bodies comprises a power supply unit, actuating elements, a positive and a single negative power supply circuit, power keys with control inputs, connected in series with the executive bodies, the control and monitoring unit, an electrical circuit breaker for the positive power supply circuit, a control device, two resistors with the same resistance and a load simulator. Measuring bridge of the monitoring device is formed by two resistors, a load simulator, actuators and power switches. Differential input of the monitoring device is connected to the second terminals of the resistors and is the input of the measuring bridge. Also, a method for nondestructive testing of the operability and disconnection of switching elements and executive bodies is stated.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improving the operational properties and expanding the functionality of the switching system of the executive bodies.

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Description

The proposed group of inventions relates to the field of electrical engineering, electronics and can be used to control the power supply of branched systems of executive bodies, including one-time use, sensors and other equipment, for non-destructive testing of operability, checking the disconnection of power circuits and switching elements of the control unit itself and serviceability executive bodies in management systems of increased responsibility, where the inclusion of the executive body in any Mr. refusal to switching system of the executive bodies.

To control and monitor the executive bodies in switching systems, power switches are used, in the simplest case, relays, the contacts of which connect the power supply voltage to the controlled equipment and executive bodies, or power transistors, for example, with optical control (optocouplers) in key mode.

Relays and transistors are always tested (input control) before being installed in the manufactured equipment. The fact and method of testing relays and transistors from the point of view of this proposal is not fundamental. However, for example, a device for monitoring electromagnetic relays (patent RU 2017197, published July 30, 1994, IPC: G05B 23/02 (2006.01), H01H 49/00 (2006.01)), contains a power source, a switch and control indicators, two capacitors, connected through a switch to a power source and through a diode with leads designed to connect the winding of the tested electromagnetic relay and its contacts. Here, the relay coil is connected to a charged capacitor and, if the relay is triggered, it connects the relay coil to a constant voltage source with its contact and transfers it to self-locking. This mode of operation of the relay is necessary when checking and testing new relays, so that they work flawlessly in serial products.

At the same time, such devices do not provide a technological check of the state of the switching system of executive bodies to assess the correctness of its assembly (after manufacture) or to check such a switching system after storage or during operation, for breaks, short circuits between switched equipment circuits, insulation defects and etc.

The condition of any equipment, especially after long-term storage under the influence of various factors, such as temperature changes, humidity, vibration, shock, etc., can noticeably change, in particular - over time, the insulation between galvanically separated supply circuits of devices can deteriorate of this equipment, vibration and shock may interfere with the installation, unexpected breaks or connections of the circuits of this equipment, etc. may appear. All this can lead to malfunctions with unpredictable consequences. Therefore, any responsible equipment requires periodic monitoring of its condition, especially before using it. However, the control of inaccessible control systems in order to assess their technical condition, unfortunately, is also often unavailable.

A known method of testing an electronic device (patent RU 2173872, published September 20, 2001, IPC: G05B 23/02 (2006/01)). Here we examine the tests of transistors at the time of transition from the key mode to the active mode and vice versa, including as part of the equipment to confirm the operability of the device in real operating modes. With this, almost extreme, check of high-current equipment due to overload of the key in the transient mode, it can fail, which, of course, is unacceptable for control systems inaccessible for repair.

Such a check can be used, most likely, for research purposes in modes close to the regular ones, and even more stringent, to confirm the reserves of their performance in the future.

A known method and control system for at least one executive body (patent RU 2538337, published 01/10/2015, IPC: G05B 19/042 (2006.01)). It is understood that this system can control according to a single algorithm any number of executive bodies through two redundant control units (A, B) and a logic selection circuit, each of the control units (A, B) being made with the possibility of self-diagnosis. However, the control units (A, B) are checked by self-diagnosis, and the logic circuit will work within the scope of its own logic, even if there is some malfunction. At the same time, a powerful diagnostic switch is unavailable and its performance is not checked. Moreover, some executive body among them may even be “absent” in the circuit, for example, because it has a “fuse blown” and it is useless to operate it, but this is not known to the control system. However, a team for him, if necessary, will be formed and transmitted, but not executed.

Thus, the known device does not provide a check of the operability of its switching elements and executive bodies and does not even evaluate whether all the executive bodies are actually part of the system.

The prototype of the claimed switching system of the executive bodies is a device for controlling controlled keys (patent RU 2101748, published 10.01.98, IPC: G05B 23/00 (2006.01), G05B 23/02 (2006.01)), containing a power source, two power units as part of power buses, designed for the maximum total current, the fixing device, power switches VTi, to which the current-setting resistors Ri are connected and, through the VDi diodes, the Ki actuators are connected. This device allows you to check the management of all power keys, for which it contains a power key control unit (not shown in the diagram).

The disadvantages of the known device are several. With any VTi power switch turned on, a certain current always flows through the current-setting resistors Ri, both in the test mode and in the normal mode, the VDi diodes reduce the voltage on the Ki actuators and release some energy together with the resistors, increasing the temperature in the device volume. Resistors Ri and VDi diodes during normal operation of the device are useless elements. The switching units must be designed for the total currents of all simultaneously included executive bodies. Failure of any switching unit will lead to a failure of the entire control device and will require a complete transition to a backup control system. In Ki, the executive bodies are each controlled by one VTi power key, which in normal operation with the power on when the power blocks are turned on and an unauthorized closure of any power key VTi can form an unwanted command.

The prototype of the claimed method of non-destructive testing of the operability of switching elements and executive bodies can be recognized as the method of non-destructive testing of controlled power keys of the prototype device described in the description of the device for controlling controlled keys (patent RU No. 2101748, published January 10, 1998, IPC: G05B 23/00 (2006.01), G05B 23/02 (2006.01). The task of monitoring is to confirm the operability of the controlled power switches or to fix any malfunction in the circuit of each controlled power switch (short circuit or open ). Here, to monitor the operability, the power supply is turned on and, with each power key Ki turned on, an output signal is evaluated using a clamping device, indicating that the power switch is turned on and a certain level of control current flows through the current-setting resistor Ri. With a subsequent increase in the input signal, the clamping device generates a second output signal warning of a fault in the VTi power switch, such as a short circuit or power switch with an unacceptably high leakage current or VDi second one of the diodes (the latter is not reflected in the specification, but according to the scheme is performed).

The main disadvantages of the known method for monitoring the operability of switching elements are that it cannot check the disconnectedness of the switched power circuits of the equipment and executive bodies and cannot prevent the erroneous (sometimes dangerous) switching on of the executive body when a single key transistor is shorted in its power supply circuit or from - due to a control error, it cannot evaluate the idling current of the device (leakage current of all closed key transistors) when all body organs are turned off. In this case, the degradation of the key transistors, or one of them, will not be noticed until the leakage current reaches the threshold of operation of the fixing device.

In addition, when implementing the known method for monitoring the operability of switching elements, there is a constant current consumption, both during operability testing, and directly during regular operation of the device’s executive bodies. Here, when the key transistors are turned on, currents always flow through the circuits of each current-setting resistor.

The task of the group of inventions is to improve the operational properties and expand the functionality, to provide non-destructive testing of the operability of all power switches, switching power supply circuits of executive bodies and other equipment "in a de-energized mode", the ability to check the disconnected power supply circuits of executive bodies, eliminating the possibility of actuating the executive body during breakdown or erroneous inclusion of any one power key and verification of this property.

The technical result of the group of inventions is the improvement of operational properties and the expansion of functionality by providing a test of the operability of power switches, switching power circuits of executive bodies and other equipment, checking the disconnection of power circuits of executive bodies, including before and after performing a regular control session, while in "de-energized mode", a reliable and safe check of the control logic, execution of all commands is checked and confirmed and performance of switching elements of executive bodies.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the switching system of the executive bodies, comprising a power supply unit with positive and negative power supply buses (+) and (-), a positive power supply circuit + E and a single negative power supply circuit -E, actuators, power switches with control inputs connected in series with the executive bodies and connected directly to the positive and negative power supply circuits + E and -E control and monitoring unit containing an electric power source ± U, control input, feedback and control and information output through which the control command circuits are connected to the control inputs of the power switches, an electric power supply circuit breaker + E connected between the positive power bus (+) of the power supply unit and the positive power supply circuit + E moreover, in the initial state of the electric switch, the positive power supply circuit + E is disconnected from the positive power bus (+) of the power supply unit, a control device having a differential input and inf a radiation output with the ability to connect it to the input of the control and monitoring unit, two current-sensing resistors of the same resistance are introduced, connected by the first terminals to the positive power supply circuit + U, a load simulator connected by the first terminal to the second terminal of the first current-sensing resistor and connected by its second terminal to a single negative power supply circuit -E, the second current-generating resistor is connected to the positive power supply circuit + E by the second terminal, measuring bridge of the control device, o razovanny voltage driving the said two resistors, the load simulator, and the executive with the power switches, the differential input of the control device is connected to the second terminals of said voltage driving resistor, and is input to the measuring bridge.

In the proposed switching system of the executive bodies, the load simulator can be made in the form of a resistance store, with the possibility of installing, if necessary, the resistance equal to the maximum or minimum resistance of the executive body from the switching system of the executive bodies.

In addition, two diodes can be introduced into the measuring bridge, connected in series with the same resistance resistors.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of non-destructive testing of the operability and disconnection of the elements of the switching system and executive bodies is characterized by the fact that they calculate the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents of all switched off power switches through a current-setting resistor, supply voltage to the power supply circuit and control the executive bodies from the power supply through the current-setting resistor, evaluate the actual idle current level of the switching system of the executive bodies, comp they are summed up with the sum of the maximum permissible leakage currents of all switched off power switches, they conclude that there are no comments in the power supply circuits and among the switching elements of the executive bodies, and they check the operability of the switching elements, power circuits and executive bodies, for which each one is briefly turned on one by one power switches connected to the positive power supply circuit + E of the executive bodies and control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the permissible level of the total leakage current of all turned off power switches, and confirm the off state of all power switches connected in series with actuators and power switches connected to the negative power supply circuit -E, alternately briefly turn on one all the power switches connected to a single negative circuit power supply -E and control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the permissible level of the total leakage current of all off power keys, and confirm the off state of the power keys connected in series with the actuators and power keys connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, for every one power key turned on, connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, by switching on the corresponding power key connected to the negative -E power supply circuits include the corresponding actuator in the measuring bridge and, changing the resistance of the load simulator, with the balance of the measuring they determine the resistance of the load simulator, which is equal to the resistance of the switched on actuator, for every one switched-on power switch connected to a single negative power supply circuit -E, by switching on the corresponding power switch connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, the corresponding actuator is included in the measuring bridge and, changing the resistance of the load simulator, with the current balance of the measuring bridge determine the resistance of the load simulator, which is equal to resistance of the included executive body, check the disconnectedness of the switching elements, power circuits and executive bodies, for which, with each power switch connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, alternately briefly turn on one power switch connected to the single negative power supply circuit -E , in addition to the power switch connected by its executive body with the power switch already turned on, control the total level of leakage current, the value of which should not be exceed the permissible open-circuit current level, and confirm the absence of false electrical connections between the power circuits of the executive bodies, for every one power key connected to a single negative power supply circuit -E, one power key is connected to the positive power supply circuit + E , in addition to the power switch connected by its executive body with the power switch already turned on, control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not be exceed the permissible levels of load current, and confirm the absence of spurious electrical connection between the power supply circuits of the executive bodies.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the claimed switching system of the executive bodies, while in the diagram of FIG. 1 are given and the following notation is used in the text:

1 - power supply unit with positive (+) and negative (-) power supply buses;

2-13 - power switches with control inputs connected in series with executive bodies and connected directly to the power supply circuits + E and -E;

14-19 - executive bodies (if necessary, other switched equipment) with separate control inputs;

20 - positive power supply circuit + E,

21 - a single negative power circuit -E,

22 - a control and monitoring unit, if necessary, containing a power supply with a voltage of ± U, memory (storage), information processing, programming, etc., or a computer with the necessary set of functions (not shown in Fig. 1),

23 - input control, feedback and control of the control unit and control 22;

24 - information output of the control unit 22;

25 - electric switch power positive power supply circuit + E, and in the initial state of the switch, the power supply circuit + E is disconnected from the positive power bus (+) of power supply 1,

26 - control device

27 - differential input of the control device 26,

28 - information output of the control device 26,

29 and 30 - current-causing resistors,

31 - manually adjustable load simulator, for example, a resistance store, or a set of resistors with the necessary resistance,

32 - automatically adjustable load simulator (in Fig. 1 is shown as a transistor in the mode of an adjustable current generator, which is part of the control device 26 and is controlled by the signal of the control device 26); the second output of any load simulator (31 or 32) is connected to a single negative power circuit 21 -E,

33, 34 - diodes,

35, 36, 37 - blocks of executive bodies, grouped by their functional purpose or by placement in the product,

38, 39, 40 - conditional sets of circuits (power cables) of the executive bodies 14-19,

41-52 contacts of the connectors of the switching system of the executive bodies 14-19,

53-64 - contacts of the connectors of the blocks 35 -37 of the executive bodies 14-19,

65 and 66 are simulators of hypothetical elements of parasitic circuits (defects) that arise when any random connections appear, both between the power supply circuits of executive bodies and between elements of the switching system of executive bodies.

The proposed switching system of executive bodies contains:

power supply unit 1 with power positive (+) and negative (-) power supply buses;

power keys 2-13;

executive bodies 14-19 having separate control inputs;

+ E - positive power supply circuit 20;

-E - single negative power supply circuit 21; as part of the product, if necessary, can be connected to the body of the product or to its common power bus GND,

+ U, -U - power supply circuits of the control and monitoring unit 22.

The contacts of the positive power supply circuit breaker 25 + E are connected: one to the positive power bus (+) of the power supply unit 1, the other contact of the power supply circuit breaker 25 is connected to the positive power supply circuit 20 + E. Power switches 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 are connected to this power supply circuit 20. Power switches 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 are connected to a single negative power supply circuit 21 -E, actuators 14-19 are connected in series respectively between pairs of power switches 2 and 3, 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9, 10 and 11, 12 and 13.

The actuators 14-19 in the switching system are connected in series with power switches 2-13 using power cables 38, 39, 40 and detachable connectors of the switching system with contacts 41-52 on one side of the power cables and contacts 53-64 on the other side of the power cables .

The control and monitoring unit 22 has an input 23, intended for receiving and, if necessary, storing technological and standard control programs, control algorithms and feedback information from the control device 26, and information output 24, the circuit of which is connected to the control inputs of all power keys 2 -13 (shown in general terms by arrows). The control and monitoring unit 22 must provide for the issuance in a predetermined sequence of commands for controlling the power switches 12-19, provide, if necessary, save and analyze information from the control device 26 (for example, the type of the controlled executive body - by its resistance), etc. Such and similar solutions of the control and monitoring unit 22 have many options, therefore, they are not considered in detail here and are not included among the features of the claimed switching system of the executive bodies. The power supply ± U can be included in the control and monitoring unit 22. The power supply circuit -U is connected to a single negative power supply bus 21 -E. This power supply can be independent and located outside the control and monitoring unit 22. It can also provide power to the control device 26.

The differential input 27 of the control device 26 is connected to the second terminals of the current-setting resistors 29 and 30 with the same resistances and is the input of the measuring bridge. In this case, the first terminals of the current-carrying resistors 29 and 30 are connected to the positive circuit + U of the power supply ± U, the load simulator 31 is connected by the first terminal to the second terminal of the first current-driving resistor, and connected by its second terminal to a single negative power supply circuit -E, the second current-carrying resistor is second the output is connected to the positive power supply circuit + E.

The information output circuit 28 of the control device 26, if necessary, control automation, is connected to the control input, feedback and control 23 of the control unit 22.

The load simulator 31 is made in the form of a resistance store, with the ability to set, if necessary, a resistance equal to the maximum or minimum resistance of the actuator. The load simulator 32 in manual mode must be turned off.

A load simulator 32 is included in the control device 26, made as shown in FIG. 1, and can be automatically adjusted by the control device 26 to the balance of the measuring bridge. In this case, the load simulator 31 in automatic mode should be disabled.

It should be noted that the need, order and sequence of switching on load simulators 31 or 32 is determined by the program, mode and amount of work of the switching system of the executive bodies as part of the product. Functionally, they are equivalent and are included only one at a time.

Each of the devices, which are the functional executive body 14-19, may, if necessary, contain some technological devices (not shown in FIG. 1) for confirming the status of this device in the initial position, the features of the device itself and its informational features and responsibilities via the telemetry channel : the fact of supplying voltage to the executive body, its state is “on / off”, “position”, “executed”, etc. This is the usual standard equipment of executive bodies of any remote control system of executive bodies or other controlled equipment. Features of the device of executive bodies and their functions are not included in the scope of claims, therefore, in the diagram of FIG. 1 and are not described in detail in the description.

The control device 26 together with the current-sensing resistor 29 and the load simulator 31 (or 32), with the current-sensing resistor 30 and the equivalent non-stationary resistance Rz of the power switch system and actuators represent a measuring bridge with arm resistances R29-R31 (or 32) and R30-Rz. where Rz is the electrical equivalent of power switches 2-13 and the actuators and their combinations as the actuators switch 14-19 when they are checked.

The control device 26 information from the information output 28 may be fed to the input 23 of the control and monitoring unit 22 of the type "no more" or the type of "no less", depending on the specific settings of the measuring device 26 and the controlled resistance range of the actuators 14-19, idle current level.

As a part of the switching system of the executive bodies 14-19, defects are possible, for example, short circuiting of circuits containing diodes, transistors, resistors, in FIG. 1 conditionally shown in the form of hypothetical RD circuits of type 65, or circuits with resistance R simulating the leakage current between defective circuits, up to a short circuit of type 66. These defects are confidently detected when checking for disconnected circuits. If a defect is detected, an analysis of the cause of its appearance should be carried out, measures should be taken to search for, eliminate the defect and prevent the occurrence of such a defect in the future.

Using the set of devices of the proposed switching system of the executive bodies 14-19, you can check the performance of all power switches 2-13, the integrity of the executive bodies and, no less important, the disconnection of the power circuits of the executive bodies 14-19, to find changes caused by unpredictable defects, for example, connections, breaks or other violations in the power supply and control circuits of executive bodies.

Since the control device 26 is an integral part of the switching system of the executive bodies, the resistance of the load simulator 31 (or 32) and a specific switching device must be designed in advance and debugged as part of a specific finished switching system of the executive bodies, taking into account the expected parameters of the component parts, in particular - maximum and minimum resistance of real executive bodies together with the resistance of open (closed) power switches 2-13, with resistance power supply circuits, leakage currents, components of the open circuit current, etc.

If you set the resistance of the load simulator 31 based on the maximum amount of allowable leakage currents of the closed power switches (maximum allowable open circuit current), then by the principle of "no more" during the test, you can confirm the absence of spurious connections between the power circuits of the actuators and the power circuits -E or + E, capable of increasing the idling current above the permissible one, as well as fixing against the general background an excessively increased leakage current of any power switch.

It should also be noted that diodes 33 and 34 with the same parameters, connected in series with the same current-sensing resistors 29 and 30, practically do not affect the measurement accuracy with the balance of the bridge and therefore can not be taken into account in the proposed switching system of the executive bodies precisely with the balance of the bridge.

Executive bodies 14-19 according to their functional purpose or location, etc. in FIG. 1 can be combined into blocks 35, 36, 37. In real equipment, such a combination may not be.

The detachable contacts 41-42 and 53-64 of the connectors and the power supply circuit of the actuators 14-19 are shown in FIG. 1 as an example in order to conditionally show where and what defects of type 65, 66 can occur in the switching system of executive bodies and how to determine them using the proposed method of checking the operability and disconnection of elements and circuits in a specific switching system of executive bodies.

Consider the operation of the claimed switching system of executive bodies with non-destructive testing of the operability of switching elements and executive bodies (Fig. 1).

During the service life and life of the operating system, the switching system of the executive bodies repeatedly directly performs the functions for which it was created, namely: managing the executive bodies 14-19 (normal operation) and checking the results of the execution of commands issued by the switching system of the executive bodies (in the technological mode) In addition, if necessary, or according to the schedule, in the technological mode, the operability of the elements of the switching system of the executive bodies 14-19 is checked before switching on it in the normal mode and checking the disconnectedness of the circuits of the switching system of the executive bodies to confirm the absence of any errors or defects in the control circuits of the executive bodies (in the technological mode).

The verification of the switching system of the executive bodies 14-19 in the mode similar to the standard one must be carried out with the standard supply voltage + E, with the standard executive bodies or with the existing simulators of the executive bodies according to a special program, for example, during laboratory and design-development tests.

The verification of the switching system of the executive bodies during acceptance tests and before regular operation is always carried out in technological lightweight mode, when it is not required or not allowed to supply the standard power supply voltage to its executive bodies 14-19, but it is necessary to make sure that the control system of the executive bodies is assembled completely and correctly and, despite the fact that it is not powered by an operating voltage of ± E, make sure that it is operational, namely, make sure that the switching elements are power to Luchs 2-13 are operational, the power supply circuits of the executive bodies do not have electrical connections between each other and with the power supply circuits, and that prior to this specific check, not a single element of the switching system and not a single executive body were destroyed.

Before checking the operability of the elements of the switching system of the executive bodies, they calculate (according to the technical documentation for the power switches) the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents through all pairs of turned off power switches 2-13 and through the current-setting resistor 29. During any check, the open circuit current of the switching system in the technological mode executive bodies should not exceed the amount of allowable idle leakage currents, unless otherwise specified.

In technological mode, + U is supplied to the power supply circuit + E and to the power switches 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 through a current-setting resistor 29. Since all power switches 2-13 and the electric switch 25 are open, no other direct current flows through the current-sensing resistor 29, except for the open circuit current, which must always be less than the allowable sum of leakage currents of all pairs of closed power switches 2-13 connected in series with executive bodies 14-19.

The actual open-circuit current is measured, its measured value is compared with the maximum permissible open-circuit current, and a conclusion is made that there are no comments in the power supply circuits.

To start the test in the "TEST" mode, turn on the control and monitoring unit 22, turn on the power supply unit 1 and do not connect its bus (+) to the power supply circuit + E: (electric switch 25 must be in its original, off position). Positive positive voltage (+) of power supply to the power supply circuit + E in the “TEST” mode cannot be applied. In the “TEST” mode, its presence is not necessary, although it is desirable to make sure during the test that it or its power supply bus does not distort the test results, for example, due to some defects such as excessive leakage currents, installation errors, etc. P.

The method of non-destructive testing of the health and disunity of the elements of the switching system and the executive bodies is as follows:

according to the technical documentation for the power switches, the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents of all switched off power switches 2-13 is calculated through the current-setting resistor 29,

supply voltage + U to the power supply circuit + E from the power supply ± U through the current-setting resistor 29,

evaluate the actual idle current level of the switching elements of the executive bodies, compare it with the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents of all off power switches 2-13,

conclude that there are no comments in the power supply circuits 20 + E and 21 -E and switching elements of the executive bodies 14-19, and

check the performance of switching elements, power circuits 20 + E and 21-E and executive bodies 14-19, for which

alternately briefly turn on the power switches 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 one at a time, connected to the positive power supply circuit 20 + E and control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the maximum permissible level of the total leakage current of all switched off power switches, and confirm the off state of power switches 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, connected in series with actuators 14-19 and power switches 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, connected to a single negative power supply circuit 21 -E ,

alternately briefly turn on the power switches 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 one at a time, connected to a single negative power supply circuit 21 -E and control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the maximum permissible level of the total leakage current of all switched off power switches , and confirm the off state of power switches 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, connected in series with actuators 14-19 and power switches 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 connected to the positive power supply circuit 20 + E ,

for every one power key 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 connected to the positive power supply circuit 20 + E, by switching on the corresponding power key 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 connected to a single negative power supply circuit 21 -E, include in the composition of the measuring bridge the corresponding actuator 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and, changing the resistance of the load simulator 31, with the balance of the measuring bridge determine the resistance of the load simulator 31, which is equal to the resistance of the included actuator,

with every one power key 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 connected to a single negative power supply circuit 21 -E, by turning on the corresponding power switch 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 connected to the positive power supply circuit 20 + E, include in the composition of the measuring bridge the corresponding actuator 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and, changing the resistance of the load simulator 31, with the current balance of the measuring bridge determine the resistance of the load simulator 31, which is equal to the resistance of the included actuator,

and after that they check the disconnectedness of the switching elements, power circuits and executive bodies, for which

at each one power key 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 connected to the positive power supply circuit 20 + E, alternately briefly turn on one power key connected to a single negative power supply circuit 21-E, except for the power key connected their executive body with the power switch already turned on, control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the permissible level of idle current, and confirm the absence of false electrical connections between the power supply circuits enforcement agencies,

for every one power key 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 connected to a single negative power supply circuit 21 -E, alternately briefly turn on one power key connected to the positive power supply circuit 20 + E, except for the power key connected by its the executive body with the power switch already turned on, control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the permissible level of idling current, and confirm the absence of false electrical connections between the power supply circuits body organs.

At the same time, when checking the disconnected circuits in any case, there can be some imbalance on the differential input 27 of the control device 26, the presence of which can be verified by the voltage (or the digital code of the device 26) on the information output 28 of the control device 26. In manual mode, By changing the resistance of the load simulator 31, it is possible to balance the signals at the differential input 27 of the bridge by monitoring the voltage at the information output 28 and calculate the value of the total leakage current Iz (open circuit current) all parallel-connected circuits of closed power switches connected in pairs in series with the actuators according to FIG. 1, by the formula (1):

током утечки одного из последовательно соединенных силовых ключей,where: Iz - open circuit current - total leakage current of all closed power switches connected in parallel to several circuits, two power switches each with an executive body, and the leakage current in each such circuit is determined

leakage current of one of the series-connected power switches,

U is the voltage across resistor R31 when the bridge is balanced (almost equal to the voltage of the power source of the control and monitoring unit 22, since leakage currents are usually microamps and the voltage drop across resistor 30 can be neglected),

R31 - resistance of the load simulator 31 with the balance of the bridge on the differential input 27 of the control device 26 and the closed transistor of the load simulator 32.

The values of the calculated permissible idling current should be recorded in the technological documentation for checking the idling currents of circuits with specific power switches, with specific executive bodies and in a specific technological test mode.

If necessary, the no-load current can be estimated, for example, by measuring with a high-resistance millivoltmeter, connecting it to a load simulator 31 with a known resistance, and then, according to Ohm's law, calculate the no-load current by dividing the measured voltage by the set resistance of the load simulator 31. But the bridge balancing is all it is equally necessary to conduct, otherwise the current through the load simulator cannot be correlated with the current consumption or with the no-load current of real equipment.

You can measure the open circuit current directly with a milliammeter, if you can turn it on sequentially with a load simulator 31 with the balance of the measuring bridge.

The measurement results, especially the resistance of the load simulator 31, as the most affordable, hereinafter it is advisable to record for subsequent analysis for comparison with the requirements of the documentation and their stability during the verification of a specific switching system and control of executive bodies, for example, at different temperatures, at different voltages power supply, with different options included power switches even in one serial circuit, etc.

When you turn on one or another key without turning on the actuators, the total leakage current may slightly change, since with any power key turned on, it is no longer the leakage current that flows through it, but the leakage current of the other not turned on power key in this circuit, which may be greater than was the leakage current of the now open power switch. In this and other similar cases, the total leakage current slightly changes, that is, the open circuit current of the system of the not included executive bodies. If the total open-circuit current noticeably increases, then the open-circuit current of the second, not included, power switch in the controlled circuit may be outside the permissible range. This fact requires verification and appropriate measures, followed by re-checking the idle currents or correcting errors in the technical documentation.

In reality, a leakage current always exists, but during the verification process a current may appear that significantly exceeds the maximum permissible idling current due to a defect of completely unforeseen origin. In the verification process described below, a defect can be identified, calculated and taken to analyze the causes of this defect, its elimination and prevention in the future.

If the dispersion of the resistance of the executive bodies is small and all of them are low-impedance, then as a load simulator 31 it is advisable to establish a control resistance equal to the resistance of the highest-resistance executive body, taking into account the tolerance for the spread of resistance of this executive body. In this mode of the measuring bridge, with all lower-impedance executive bodies, including when the executive body is short-circuited, the output signal of the control device 26 (for example, a comparator or operational amplifier) will conditionally be “positive”, and with higher resistance and with a break, "negative". For the control and monitoring system 22, such a “positive” signal will indicate the integrity of the audited executive bodies and the possibility of continuing the audit.

To identify a possible short circuit of the actuators, it is necessary to set a new resistance value on the load simulator 31, equal to the resistance of the lowest resistance of the actuators, taking into account the tolerance for the spread of resistance of this actuator. In this mode, with a short circuit, the output signal of the control device 26 will be “positive” (as in the previous measurements), and with other executive organs and with a break, it will be “negative”.

Thus, with a large number of executive bodies of the same type, it is sufficient to set only two resistance values of the load simulator 31, simulating the resistance of the highest resistance and the lowest resistance of the executive bodies. And the quality of such a check will be no complaints. If confirmation of the correct placement of various types of executive bodies with different resistances is required, then when checking each next executive body, it will be necessary to include both power keys of the circuit under test, balancing the bridge and checking the equality of resistance of the load simulator 31 to the resistance of the corresponding executive body 14-19 according to its technical documentation. This work can be carried out manually or in automatic mode, depending on the capabilities of the control device 26, information links between the measuring device 26 (its output 28) and the control and monitoring unit 22 (its input 23) and from the control program embedded in the control unit and control 22.

The performance of the entire switching system and control of executive bodies is checked quite simply. At the same time, the verification of each executive body by each power key (including the components of the power key, if the power key is reserved) is carried out only individually. For this, the control and monitoring unit 26 from its output 28 sends the necessary commands to turn them on and off on the control inputs (relay windings, optocoupler inputs, etc.) of the power keys of each executive body (via a multi-wire line from information output 24). In this case, the signal to turn off the executive bodies, depending on the type of specific executive bodies, can be performed by removing the signal to turn on this executive body. If the management of the executive body is provided for with remembering the command to turn it on, then the command for turning it off is also provided.

Before submitting the first command to turn on the first power switch, the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents through all switched off power switches 2-13 and through the current-setting resistor 29 is calculated, or the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents through all switched off power switches recorded earlier in the technical documentation is used, apply voltage to the power supply circuit from the power supply ± U through the current-setting resistor 29, evaluate the actual open circuit current level of the switching system of the executive Ghana 14-19, compare it with the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents of all turned off power switches, draw a conclusion about the absence of comments and spurious connections in the power supply circuits and among the switching elements of the executive bodies, and monitor the operability and isolation of the switching elements and executive bodies.

With the execution of the first command of the control and monitoring unit 22 to turn on the power switch 2 of the actuator 14 from the power supply circuit + U with the power switch 3 open, leakage current will flow along the circuit + U-29-20-2-41-53-14-54-42 -3-E, the value of which will be included in the sum of the leakage currents of the remaining turned off keys and the currently specific power switch 3. When the power switch 2 is turned on, it is advisable to record the change in the balancing of the measuring bridge balanced before this due to a possible increase in the concrete at the moment total leakage current in the circuit of the power switch 3 as part of the total open circuit current.

By changing the resistance of the load simulator 31, a new balance of the bridge should be achieved, and by changing the resistance of the load simulator 31 in this state, evaluate the equivalent resistance of the total load circuit of all switching elements from the positive supply voltage circuit 20 + E to a single negative power supply circuit 21 -E and compare with the previous result changes in idle current and load resistance. The new value of the no-load current may slightly change upward, and the resistance of the load simulator - downward.

When the power switch 2 is turned on, a command is formed to turn on the power switch 3. From this moment, an actuator 14 will be connected to the power supply circuits 20 + E and 21 -E, the resistance of which is quite low resistance and is known from the design documentation for this actuator 14.

All executive bodies 14-19 are connected to power switches 2-13 and further to power supply circuits + E and -E using power cables 38, 39, 40 and connectors with contacts 41 to 64. Contact numbers from 41 to 64 connectors in descriptions are not indicated without special need. Only the numbers of the included power keys and executive bodies are indicated. In this case, current flow circuits are always easily traced along the circuits between power switches, connectors and actuators.

The connection of the executive body 14 to the bridge circuit sharply unbalance it. But the bridge can be balanced again by changing the resistance of the load simulator 31. With the same resistances of the current-setting resistors 29 and 30, the resistance of the load simulator 31 and the actuator 14 must be the same. In this case, a specific circuit 2-14-3 has a low resistance equal to the sum of the resistances of the pair of open (turned on) power switches 2 and 3, the resistance of the power circuits and the resistance of the executive body 14. This total resistance is many times less than Rz equivalent resistance I leak the rest of the power switches, especially since in this mode, between the power circuits 20 + E and 21 -E, the voltage can be units or even fractions of a volt. Therefore, the influence of "leakage currents" on the measurement results can be neglected.

If the measured resistance of this circuit according to the testimony of the load simulator 31 is significantly less than what the executive body 14 should have according to its technical documentation, it means that somewhere else some low-impedance circuit was connected in parallel, and this is unacceptable and the defect should be sought and eliminated.

If the measured resistance of this circuit turned out to be greater than it should be according to the technical documentation for the executive body 14, the following reasons are possible: open or error in connecting the executive body 14, the power switch 3 did not turn on, the power switch 2 was not turned on, the command to turn on which was received earlier , but it wasn’t fulfilled, and this was not revealed earlier, since leakage currents are usually quite small and they are monitored according to the principle of “no more”, i.e. the measured value of the leakage current “should be no more” than permissible, then at low values of the currents of consumption this change is difficult to fix. A “functional” reason is also possible: an “open” circuit of the executive body 14, as well as of any of the following similar executive bodies, namely: after a regular command issued earlier for switching on, the executive body 14 was not brought to the initial state by the shutdown command (on Fig. 1 is not shown), or the executive body 14, for example, is not installed or the fuse has blown.

In any case, the reason for deviating from the technical documentation in this part of the switching system of the executive bodies should be identified and the remark eliminated.

After the remark is eliminated, or if it is absent initially, they give the command to turn off the power switch 3. Now the open circuit will again leak the leakage current of the power switch 3. If it is not more than acceptable (it is advisable to evaluate the resistance of the load simulator when balancing the bridge, taking into account the currents leakage of the remaining power keys), give the command to turn off the power key 2.

After turning off the power switch 2, the control device 26 is again unbalanced and again it will need to be balanced by changing the resistance of the load simulator 31. This balancing will show that the open circuit current is close to that previously measured, since the bridge is balanced with the same value of the load simulator resistance, at the same supply voltage as before, during the first balancing, before the inclusion of any power keys. Therefore, there are no comments.

However, there is no certainty that power switch 2 was turned on and then turned off. With the initially closed key 2, this will not be detected. Here it is advisable to control the executive body 14 additionally check using a different sequence of filing the same commands:

- turn on the power switch 3,

- make sure that the idle current consumption has not changed significantly, that means the power switch 2 is not turned on and the actuator 14 is not connected to the power supply circuits ± U,

- turn on the power switch 2, now the executive body 14 is connected to the power supply ± A circuit;

- turn off the power switch 2, now the executive body 14 is disconnected from the power source ± U;

- turn off the power switch 3.

This verification of the switching elements of the Executive body 14 is completed completely. Before checking each next group of power to the executive body, all power keys included earlier must be turned off.

With the execution of the next command of the control and monitoring unit 22 to turn on the power key 4 of the executive body 15 from the power supply circuit + U, a leakage current will flow along the circuit + U-29-20-4-43-55-15-56-44-5-E, the value of which will be equal to the leakage current of the currently closed specific power switch 5.

At the same time, the voltage from the positive power supply circuit 20 + E through the power switch 4, through the circuit 43-55 and through the defect 65 will go to contact 42 and then -54-14-53-41-2, and also further: through elements of the parasitic circuit 65, will go to the contacts 42, 54 of the connectors and then through the circuit 42-54-14-53-41 to the power switch 2, and also from the contact 42 of the connector to the power switch 3. However, no current will flow through any circuit except leakage currents that are difficult to evaluate. As a result, defect 65 will not be noticed, and therefore there are no comments.

When the power switch 4 is turned on, the following command is generated to turn on the power switch 5. From this moment, an actuator 15 will be connected to the power supply circuits 20 + E and 21 -E, the resistance of which is quite low resistance and, as a rule, known. By analogy with the above, the bridge is balanced and the results of balancing are used to evaluate the conformity of the results of measurements of the load simulator 31 and the real resistance of the executive body 15 and its data according to the technical documentation.

Deviations from the technical documentation in this part of the switching system of executive bodies should not be. If a remark has appeared, it should be analyzed as described above when checking the chains of the executive body 14.

In the absence of a comment, initially, or if it manifested itself, it was detected, eliminated, and the power circuits of the executive body 15 were rechecked, turn off the power switches 4 and 5, disconnecting the executive body 15 from the power supply circuits 20 + E and 21 -E.

There are no comments.

Here, as shown above, you should check the controllability of the power switch 4, for which change the sequence of commands to turn on the power switches 4 and 5:

- turn on the power switch 5,

- make sure that the idle current consumption has not changed significantly, which means that the power switch 4 was not turned on and the actuator 15 was not connected to the power supply ± U,

- turn on the power switch 4, now the executive body 15 is connected to the power supply ± N;

- turn off the power switch 4, now the executive body 15 is disconnected from the power supply ± N;

- turn off the power switch 5.

And the conclusion: there are no comments.

On this, the verification of the switching elements of the second executive body 15 is completed completely, before the verification of each next group of power switches of the executive body, all power switches included earlier must be turned off.

Similarly, the operation of the remaining power keys 6-13 is checked to enable the executive bodies 16-19. At the same time, the measurement results during this check should correspond to those recorded in the technical documentation for checking the corresponding switching equipment of the executive bodies 16, 17, 18, 19 with power keys 6-13.

The results of this check confirm the operability of the switching system of the executive bodies.

It should be noted here that any deviation of the results of measuring the resistance of the actuators or open circuit currents during the switching on of power switches and actuators should always be paid attention to and analysis of such deviations, for example, the real resistances of the actuators and the actual values of the open circuit currents. The results of the verification must be within the tolerances of the actual data recorded in the technical documentation for a specific switching system of the executive bodies. If any remark is found, it is necessary to analyze the reason for the appearance of the remark, eliminate the remark and recheck.

After checking the operation of all pairs of power keys in the circuits with the corresponding executive bodies, it is imperative to check the disconnectedness of the switching elements and the executive bodies according to the “each with each” principle, since the previous check did not reveal defects 65 and 66, specially shown in the diagram in FIG. 1 thin lines. Only a check on the principle of "each with each" allows you to identify any defects between the power supply circuits of different executive bodies, including defects with diodes in such circuits. This test is equivalent to the traditional test of insulation resistance between disconnected circuits and, even, between disconnected systems or devices. The same test would allow to detect hypothetical closures, for example, power switches 2 or 4, if they really took place.

Here it is time to pay special attention to the spurious chain 65, shown twice in the diagram of FIG. 1 by thin lines, and by the parasitic chain 66, which are still “not detected”. Spurious chains could form constructively, it is not known where and when, but in this case, when checking the executive bodies 14 and 15, they were not electrically noticed.

The technique described below allows you to quickly check the disconnectedness of all power circuits of all executive bodies and allows you to identify any false connection between any power circuits of executive bodies.

You can also start the test by switching on the same first power switch 2 according to the scheme.

When the power switch 2 is turned on in the power supply and control circuit 20 + E, briefly sequentially one by one turn on all power switches 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 in the power supply circuit -E, except for power switch 3 (this combination of a pair of turned on power switches 2 and 3 already verified earlier without comment when checking the power circuits of the executive body 14). There were no comments on the unexpected increase in current during such a test, since when applying + U voltage through resistor 29 to circuit 2-41-53-14-54-42 and then through parasitic circuit 65, the leakage current will not pass, since there is diode 33, turned on counter. And there should be no comments if the parasitic diode in the defect 65 is of high quality.

If there are no comments, the power switch 2 is turned off.

Next, the power switch 4 is included in the power supply and control circuits 20 + E and, against the background of the turned on power switch 4, each power switch 3, 7, 9, 11 and 13 is turned on one by one in the power supply circuit -E, except for the power switch 5 (combination of power switches keys 4 and 5 were checked earlier when checking the chains of the executive body 14; there were no comments). During the verification process, the very first combination of the power switches 4 and 3 turned on leads to an unexpected result: the measured open-circuit current turned out to be unexpectedly high. Looking at the circuit in FIG. 1, this can be explained by the fact that between the fixed contact of the closed power switch 4 (in the circuit + E) and the fixed contact of the open power switch 3 (in the -E circuit) there was a defect 65 containing unknown resistance and a diode not found earlier when checking the previous one sequence of commands. The place of occurrence of this defect can be determined simply: if you disconnect the connector with contacts 53-56 from the block of executive bodies 35 and the defect disappears, then you need to open the block of executive bodies 35 and look for the defect there. If, after disconnecting the connector with contacts 53-56 from the block of executive bodies 35, the defect remains, it means that it is in the block of the switching system of the executive bodies, since such a defect is impossible in the power cables (between contacts 42 and 43), because in power cables, usually no diodes. Therefore, it is necessary to open the block of the switching system of the executive bodies and look for a defect there.

The detected defect 65 could occur only by mistake during installation or during a circuit between the printed tracks in the switching equipment itself (a defect 65 is shown in the diagram of Fig. 1 directly between the normally open contacts of the power switches 4 and 3). Balancing the bridge using a load simulator 31 will provide an estimate of the resistance of this defect. Taking into account the voltage drop across the defect 65 diode will help to clarify the resistance value of this defect, and this will tell you the place in the circuit and design of the power switch of the executive bodies where such resistances are used.

After eliminating the defect 65, when the power switch 4 is turned on again, one after the other, one by one, turn on the power switches 3, 7, 9, 11 and 13 in the power supply circuit -E. The combination of the test with the power switch 5 was checked earlier when checking the circuits of the executive body 15. Other comments on the unexpected increase in current during this test for compliance with the circuit in FIG. 1 can no longer be, since they are no longer in the diagram of FIG. 1, intended only to explain methods for detecting such defects.

There are no comments. After that, the power switch 4 is turned off.

The next turn on the power key 6. When alternately briefly turning on the power keys 3, 5, 9, 11 and 13, there are no comments. And this is “envisioned” by the absence of defects in the circuit of FIG. one.

There are no comments. After that, the power switch 6 is turned off.

The power switch 8 is next turned on. Here in the diagram of FIG. Figure 1 shows a variant of defect 66 containing an unknown resistance, up to a short circuit. When the power switch 11 is turned on, a leakage current will flow through it through the circuit + U-29-20-8-47-59-17-60-48-9. Additional "leakage currents" will appear along circuits 48-66-49-10 and 66-61-18-62-50-11. All these currents are small, they have not been previously detected, since each of the mentioned circuits has open power switches 9, 10 and 11, and the currents of such circuits are traditionally controlled according to the principle of "no more ...".

Verification summary - “no comment”.

Further, when the power key 8 is turned on and “in the absence of a comment”, the power switches 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13 are turned on alternately for a short time. When the power switch 11 is turned on, an unexpected current will flow through the circuit + U-29-20-8-47-59-17-60-66-61-18-62-50-11-21-E. For any resistance of defect 66, the measuring bridge can be balanced by changing the resistance of the load simulator 31. The resistance of the load simulator will show the resistance value, which includes the resistance of the actuators 17, 18, the resistance of the power supply circuit and the resistance of the defect 66. If from the result of this measurement subtract the resistance of the actuators 17 and 18, which were previously determined and the remainder will be 1-2 Ohm, then most likely it is a circuit of the printed conductors, or normal open-loop power switching contacts 9 and 10, a circuit between the contacts 48 and 49 of the power cable connector or the connector on the switch housing executive bodies, i.e., inside the switch structure executive. If the result of measuring the resistance of the defect 66 is much larger, then rust, oxides between the contacts of the connector, between the printed conductors or between the contacts of the power switches are possible, some leaks between the printed conductors of the executive switch are possible. In any case, disassembling the control system of the executive bodies is required, starting with disconnecting the connector with contacts 48, 49, troubleshooting, and then assembling and checking, and if the results are positive, then continuing checking the disconnectedness of the other power circuits of the executive bodies.

There are no comments. After that, the power switches 8 and 9 are turned off.

Next, turn on the power switch 10. Moreover, as a result of eliminating the defect 66 in the previous operations when the power switch 10 is turned on, this defect will not occur and the measurement will show that when the power switches 3, 5, 7, 9 and 13 are turned on alternately, the closed power switch 10 flows circuit leakage current only + U-29-10-49-61-18-62-50-11-21-E.

If the defect 66 had not been eliminated, then with the closed power switches 10 and 9 and the balance of the measuring bridge, it would be possible to evaluate the resistance value of the defect 66 and using it to understand where this defect could have formed, for example, in the form of a short circuit between contacts 48 and 49 connector, or in the switching unit. After eliminating the defect, if it has not been eliminated earlier, it is necessary to double-check the disunity in the amount sufficient to confirm the absence of the defect 66.

There are no comments. After that, the power switch 10 is turned off.

Next, turn on the power switch 12. Here, only the "leakage current" will flow along the circuit + U-29-12-51-63-19-64-52-13-E, since the power switch 13 is open, the idling current will not go beyond permissible.

When the power switches 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 are turned on for a short time (by analogy, except for the power switch 13), only the no-load current will always flow.

There are no comments. The power switch 12 is turned off.

It should be noted that the first part of the verification of the switching system of the executive bodies 14-19, in which the operability of the switching elements and the serviceability of the executive bodies was checked, can be combined with the second part of the verification of the switching system of the executive bodies, in which the disconnection of the power supply circuits of the executive bodies was checked. This is advisable during a control check, for example, during acceptance tests, while a separate check of the switching system of the executive bodies is especially advisable when you first turn on the switching system of the executive bodies for checking and tuning (if necessary), when, as shown in the examples, for each comment, it is necessary to disassemble the switching system of the executive bodies, search for the defect, eliminate it, assemble and continue to check. Or start the test from the beginning, depending on the identified comments and the number of works associated with the elimination of a specific remark. The total scope of the verification does not change, and it is not necessary to adjust the claims in terms of the verification method.

A different sequence of checking the switching system of the executive bodies is possible, when all the comments are recorded as they appear, are analyzed and only after that the switching system of the executive bodies is disassembled, and troubleshooting is performed “in one go”. This method of the first check will allow you to prepare the switching system of the executive bodies more quickly, with only one intermediate “disassembly-repair-assembly and check”, for example, before preparing for the acceptance test. However, the scope of the verification also does not change and the adjustment of the claims is not required.

The control device 26 at its information output (interface) 28 sets the results of measuring the current or load resistance, which are fed to the input 23 of the control and monitoring unit 22 for comparison with the expected parameters and deciding on the next verification operation. If necessary, a light or sound alarm may be activated, notifying of a detected defect and stopping the test until the cause of the remark is eliminated. The results of current measurement in justified cases and with the necessary equipment can be presented, for example, for transmission via a telemetry channel, either to an operator for visual monitoring, or transmitted over a communication channel to an operator at a distance.

After checking the operability of the switching system of the executive bodies in the technological mode "in a de-energized state" and repairing it, if necessary, and checking after repair, you can use the equipment in normal mode, for this it is enough to turn on the switch 25 before work, issue a given amount of commands and a switch 25 off. After the full-time program is completed, if necessary, it is possible to re-check the switching system of the executive bodies to monitor the performance of functions by the executive bodies and to monitor the integrity and performance of the elements of the switching system and executive bodies, namely: the appearance of breaks, short circuits between the chains of the executive bodies, a change in the state of on-off disposable executive bodies, etc.

Simultaneous operation of the control system of the executive bodies in the “WORK” mode and verification of the switching system of the executive bodies in the “TEST” mode is not allowed, since in this case, the executive bodies that could do harm could be accidentally switched on from the TEST mode commands. To do this, in the "higher" control system of the power supply 1, the positive power supply circuit 20 + E and the switch 25 must be provided with the necessary lock.

In general, it should be noted the ability of the claimed group of inventions to verify the operability of power keys, their disunity, their ability to control executive bodies, check the integrity of executive bodies and at the same time record hypothetical hardware failures (for example, blown fuses, non-initial state of on-off executive bodies, state of disposable executive organs, etc.) when the power supply is turned off, i.e. "De-energized."

In addition, it should be noted that it is advisable to carry out such checks not only after the manufacturing of the switching system of the executive bodies or during acceptance tests, which is necessary, but also before applying the switching system of the executive bodies in normal operation. This is necessary after a long stay in the off state under real operating and storage conditions (temperature, acceleration, vibration, humidity, etc.). Moreover, the verification of the elements of the switching system of the executive bodies in the technological mode is carried out safely and quickly enough, in fact, in the absence of power in the chains of the executive bodies during the formation and execution of all control commands.

It should be further noted that such a switching system of executive bodies must be worked out in the normal electric mode, in a real product control system with a real cable network, together with executive bodies or with their imitators. This will exclude the possibility of skipping any other “trifles”, in the presence of which the real executive bodies may not work, for example, long cable power circuits and a small cross-section of their wires, or they may deteriorate, for example, if the polarity of the connecting of the executive bodies to the power controlled power supply contacts (errors in power cables), or in case of errors due to incorrect connection of pairs of the same type connectors of actuators (errors in phasing of control actions), etc. It is advisable to identify and exclude such situations even when testing the system assembly methodology and using unambiguous design solutions.

The proposed set of features in the proposal considered by the authors has not been met previously to solve the problem, and does not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that technical solutions meet the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

Compared with the known solutions, the proposed group of the invention improves operational properties by providing operational control of the claimed switching system by the executive bodies “in a de-energized state”. At the same time, the operability of the switching system of the executive bodies as part of the product is quickly, reliably, safely and in advance confirmed, and all errors and defects in the already assembled switching system of the executive bodies are revealed. At the same time, the operability of the executive bodies themselves is guaranteed by their manufacturers and confirmed by testing them during incoming inspection before installing the product and checking the operability of the actual switching system of the executive bodies in terms of the operability of power keys and disconnected power circuits of the executive bodies.

Claims (4)

1. The switching system of the executive bodies, comprising a power supply unit with positive and negative power supply buses (+) and (-), executive bodies, a positive power supply circuit + E and a single negative power supply circuit -E, power switches with control inputs connected in series with executive bodies and connected directly to the positive and negative power supply circuits + E and -E, a control and monitoring unit containing a power supply ± U, control input, feedback and control and information output through which the control command circuits are connected to the control inputs of the power switches, the positive power supply circuit breaker + E connected between the positive power bus (+) of the power supply unit and the positive power supply circuit + E, and in the initial state of the electrical switch is positive the power supply circuit + E is disconnected from the positive power bus (+) of the power supply unit, a control device having a differential input and information output with the ability to connect it to the input of the control and monitoring unit, characterized in that two current-carrying resistors of the same resistance are introduced into it, connected by the first leads to the positive power supply circuit + U, a load simulator connected by the first terminal to the second terminal of the first current-setting resistor, and connected by its the second terminal to a single negative power supply circuit -E, the second current-generating resistor is connected to the positive power supply circuit + E by the second terminal, the measuring bridge of the control device and, formed by the two mentioned current-carrying resistors, a load simulator, actuators and power switches, the differential input of the control device is connected to the second terminals of the said current-setting resistors and is the input of the measuring bridge. 2. The switching system of the executive bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that the load simulator is made in the form of a resistance store, with the possibility of installing, if necessary, a resistance equal to the maximum or minimum resistance of the executive body from the switching system of the executive bodies. 3. The switching system of the executive bodies according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two diodes are connected to the measuring bridge, connected in series with the same resistance resistors. 4. A method of non-destructive testing of the operability and isolation of switching elements and actuators, characterized in that they calculate the sum of the maximum allowable leakage currents through all switched off power switches and through a lead-in resistor, supply voltage to the power supply circuit + E for actuators from the power source through the lead-in resistor , evaluate the actual level of open circuit current of switching elements and executive bodies, compare it with the sum of the maximum allowable current Leaks of all switched off power switches, make a conclusion about the absence of comments in the power supply circuits and among switching elements and actuators, check the operability of switching elements, power supply circuits and actuators, for which, one by one, all power switches connected to the positive circuit are turned on briefly. power supply + E and control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the maximum permissible level of the total leakage current off power switches, and confirm the off state of power switches connected in series with actuators and power switches connected to a single negative power supply circuit -E, alternately briefly turn on one by one all power switches connected to a single negative power supply circuit -E and control the total current level leakage, the value of which should not exceed the permissible level of the total leakage current of all off power switches, and confirm the off state of the power switch yuchi connected in series with the executive bodies and power keys connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, for every one included power key connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, by switching on the corresponding power key connected to the single negative power supply circuit -E, include the composition of the measuring bridge is the corresponding executive body and, changing the resistance of the load simulator, with the balance of the measuring bridge determine the resistance of the load simulator, to which is equal to the resistance of the actuator turned on, with each power switch turned on, connected to a single negative power supply circuit -E, by turning on the corresponding power switch connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, the corresponding actuator is included in the measuring bridge and, changing the resistance of the load simulator , with the current balance of the measuring bridge, the resistance of the load simulator is determined, which is equal to the resistance of the included Executive body, pr they check the disconnectedness of the switching elements, power circuits and executive bodies, for which, with each power switch turned on, connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, they alternately briefly turn on one power switch connected to a single negative power supply circuit -E, except for the power switch, connected by its executive body with the power switch already turned on, control the total level of leakage current, the value of which should not exceed the permissible level of open-circuit current, and confirm the absence of false electrical connections between the power circuits of the executive bodies, for every one power key turned on, connected to a single negative power circuit -E, alternately briefly turn on one power key connected to the positive power supply circuit + E, except for the power key connected by its executive body with the power key already turned on, control the total level of leakage currents, the value of which should not exceed the permissible level of open-circuit current a, and confirm the absence of false electrical connections between the power circuits of the executive bodies.

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