RU2656570C1 - Herbarium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of botany and can be used for the manufacture of educational and decorative herbariums in scientific and educational organizations. Feature of the invention is that the herbarium contains polymeric liners, between which laying of plants is located, the polymeric liners being made of polyethylene terephthalate, low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate providing gluing of the herbarium upon heating, at the same time, air vents are made in the polymeric liners, which ensure the elimination of condensate from the herbarium.

EFFECT: technical result consists in the elimination of condensate on the inner surfaces of the polymeric liners of the herbarium.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of botany and can be used for the manufacture of educational and decorative herbaria in scientific and educational organizations.

A device for drying plants for herbaria is known, consisting of at least two sheets of herbarium mesh, shirts made of moisture- and breathable non-woven material placed between the sheets, and elastic twine with hooks at the ends (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 71212, A01N 3/00 October 10, 2007).

Closest to the claimed device is a method of manufacturing a herbarium, including laying plants between the gaskets and holding under the press, with the use of polyvinyl butyral film as the laying, and holding under the press is carried out at a temperature of + 75 ° C and a pressure of 0.1-0.5 kgf / see until the film is connected to the plants (patent SU No. 1681806, A01N 3/00, 02.20.1989).

The disadvantages of the known devices is the appearance of condensate on the inner surfaces of the polymer gaskets of the herbarium from the remaining water in the plant.

The technical result consists in eliminating condensate on the inner surfaces of the polymer gaskets of the herbarium.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the herbarium contains polymer gaskets between which the plants are placed, and the polymer gaskets are made of polyethylene terephthalate, low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate, which glues the herbarium when heated, while the ventilation gaskets are made in the polymer gaskets to eliminate condensation from the herbarium .

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a herbarium, top view; in FIG. 2 - polymer gasket, longitudinal section; in FIG. 3 - herbarium, cross section.

The herbarium contains polymer gaskets 1, between which plant laying 2 is located.

Each polymer pad 1 consists of a film 3 of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the basis of which is hard polyester, which is responsible for elasticity and lack of deformation, on which a high-temperature adhesive layer 4 of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and low-temperature adhesive 5 of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) are applied.

Through holes are made in one or both of the polymer gaskets 1. The holes 6 can be conical or straight.

In the case of holes 6 conical shape, their extended part is located on the side of the plant 2, and the narrow part is directed outward.

The holes 6 of the polymer gasket 1 can be only conical or only straight, or combine both types of holes 6 in one polymer gasket.

Herbarium is made as follows. Cut out the polymer gasket 1 of the required size.

You can use ready-made polymer gaskets 1 in the form of films for laminating paper, cardboard and printing products. Depending on the size of the plant 2, single or double (folded in format) films are selected for laminating formats A5, A4 or A3.

The thickness of the polymer strip 1 is from 60 to 250 microns and depends on the thickness of the plant 2, as well as on the stiffness and resistance of the herbarium to physical effects.

If the herbarium is planned to be used for storage or for demonstration of the herbarium by a teacher, then polymer pads 1 of minimum thickness from 60 to 100 microns can be used.

If the herbarium is planned to be issued to students in the classroom as a handout, then the thickness of the polymer gaskets 1 should be from 100 to 250 microns.

The thickness of the polymer gaskets 1 for laying plants 2 of various thicknesses, given the degree of fit and fixation of various laying plants 2, can be selected empirically.

Holes are made in the polymer gaskets 1. To make the holes 6 tapered, the polymer gasket 1 is laid on a soft base, orienting it with the low-temperature adhesive 5 of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) upwards, after which the polymer gasket 1 is pierced by rolling with a needle roller with conical needles.

The conical holes 6 of the polymer gaskets 1 can have a minimum size of tenths or hundredths of a millimeter and a frequent arrangement over the entire surface of the polymer gaskets 1.

When making holes 6 straight, one or both of the polymer gaskets 1 is perforated with a punch or hole punch at the locations of the sections of stems, leaf petioles, and branching stems.

Straight holes 6 of the polymer gaskets 1 can have sizes from 1 to several millimeters.

One or both polymer gaskets 1 can have only one type of perforation or combine both types of perforations of both conical and straight holes 6.

The slightly dried and spread plant biological material in the form of plant laying 2 is placed on a polymer pad 1 on the side with a high-temperature adhesive layer 4 of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and low-temperature adhesive 5 made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), which is coated on top with a second polymer pad 1, orienting the high-temperature adhesive layer 4 of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and the low-temperature adhesive 5 of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to the laying of plants 2.

If gluing the polymer gaskets 1 to the plant laying 2 is not required, then before placing the plant laying 2 between the polymer gaskets 1, laying the plants 2 is sprinkled with finely divided indifferent powder, for example, talcum powder or dust of transparent polystyrene. This will prevent subsequent bonding of the polymer gaskets 1 to the plant 2.

Then carry out gradual ironing of the herbarium, for example, with an iron, starting from any one edge at a temperature of from 95 to 160 ° C.

The liquid remaining in the vessels of the phloem, xylem and cambium of plants, as well as remaining in various plant tissues, actively evaporates and leaves in the form of steam from holes 6, and also between the polymer gaskets 1.

The procedure of ironing a small part of the herbarium is repeated several times until the parts of the plant laying 2 are completely dehydrated and this part of the polymer gaskets 1 is sintered to each other and the plants 2 laying, after which they proceed to ironing the next small part of the herbarium.

The herbarium is considered ready for use after thermal ironing of the entire device.

For sintering the polymer gaskets 1 between themselves and with the laying of plants 2 of small thickness, you can use a laminator, which sets the required temperature for the manufacture of herbarium, depending on the thickness of the plants 2 and the thickness of the polymer gaskets 1.

When using the laminator, a small portion of the herbarium is passed several times through its heated pressure roller until the vapor evolution ceases and condensate disappears on the polymer gaskets 1, repeating the procedure several times.

Then the next small section is passed through the laminator. And so, until the complete production and baking of the herbarium.

During storage of the herbarium, water is released and evaporated from the organs and tissues of the plants forming the plant stack 2. Water does not settle in the form of condensate on the polymer gaskets 1, but evaporates through openings 6.

If poorly dried biological material is used for laying plants of herbarium 2, then a lot of condensate is released under the polymer gaskets 1 over time.

In this case, the herbarium is again exposed to high temperatures under pressure or passed through a laminator until the condensate is completely removed to the outside.

If the openings 6 are conical, the water actively evaporates outward through the wide parts of the conical openings 6 from the side of the plant 2. In this case, a minimum of moisture from the surrounding air gets to the stack of plants 2 herbarium through the narrow parts of the conical openings 6.

The technical result, which consists in eliminating condensate on the inner surfaces of the polymer gaskets of the herbarium, is achieved by performing one or both polymer gaskets with perforated holes. Through holes in the polymer gaskets, the residual moisture from the plant stack is removed from the herbarium to the outside.

Claims (1)

A herbarium containing polymer gaskets, between which a plant laying is located, characterized in that the polymer gaskets are made of polyethylene terephthalate, low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate, which provide adhesion of the herbarium when heated, and holes are formed in the polymer gaskets to eliminate condensate.

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