RU2656039C1 - Plant for producing charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the production of charcoal, namely to methods and devices for the pyrolysis of a carbonaceous material, for example, wood in retorts. Plant for producing charcoal comprising separate series-mounted chambers with different heating temperatures interconnected by pipes, the inlet and outlet holes of which are located at different levels; with retorts installed in the chambers; feeders for the supply of raw materials and unloading of the finished product, while screw conveyors are located inside the retorts; retorts inside each chamber are connected to each other by pipes for the removal of gas-steam and pipe bulkheads for pouring the raw materials mounted in the holes of the lateral cylindrical surfaces of the retorts; the retorts of each chamber are connected to a condenser located outside the chamber; a negative pressure compressor that creates vacuum in the plant in series connected to the condenser; a reservoir for collecting the purified pyrolysis gas in series connected to the compressor; a boiler connected to the compressor and the corresponding chamber providing the necessary temperature mode of the corresponding chamber; a container for collecting the pyrolysis liquid connected with the condensers of all the three chambers.

EFFECT: improving the product quality and the efficiency.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of charcoal, and in particular to methods and devices for the pyrolysis of carbon-containing material, for example wood in retorts.

A known installation for the production of charcoal (patent RU No. 2180345), consisting of a furnace chamber with a furnace device, over which a retort is installed with openings for the exit of steam and gas located in the lower part of the retort and communicated with the furnace chamber, and a channel for supplying steam to the cavity of the retort . Moreover, it is equipped with a heat generator, the retort is made in the form of a pipe passing through the furnace chamber, with a loading hatch, a device for supplying wood, a first shutter before entering the kiln chamber, a second shutter and a discharge hatch after leaving the kiln chamber. Guiding bulkheads are installed in the furnace chamber, dividing it into the furnace chamber, pyrolysis chamber and afterburner connected to the heat generator, and an air supply device is installed in the afterburner.

The disadvantage of this invention is the lack of rarefaction in the retort, which prevents the anoxicity of the pyrolysis process, and accordingly, a decrease in the quality of the product. Also, the feed system and the movement of raw materials is imperfect and suggests the unevenness of the process in terms of the volume of the retort.

The closest in technical essence is the invention "Method and installation for charcoal" (patent RU No. 2312123), selected as a prototype. Installation for producing charcoal by pyrolysis from carbon-containing raw materials, for example wood, containing a retort furnace, made multi-position according to the number of process steps and equipped with the same number of hermetically heated retorts with nozzles for diverting a mixture of combustible gases into the receiver manifold for utilization and / or burning in a furnace ; devices for unloading the finished product. Retorts are installed in separate sequentially mounted combustion chamber chambers with different heating temperatures, interconnected by gas ducts, the inlet and outlet openings of which each chamber are located at different levels. The installation is equipped with a cooling pad for retorts with the finished product, a lifting device for moving the retorts between the loading pad, combustion chambers and a tilter for unloading the retorts, equipped with a receiving hopper of the finished product.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the complex process of moving retorts from one camera to another, requiring additional time. Hence, low productivity. Reduced product quality as a result of a sharp temperature difference when moving raw materials from one chamber to another.

A comparative analysis of the invention and the prototype showed:

devices have a constructive similarity of features that allow the separation of the process into stages. This is the presence of retorts installed in separate sequentially installed combustion chambers with different heating temperatures, interconnected by gas ducts, the inlet and outlet openings of which in each chamber are located at different levels; the presence of several furnaces for heating and maintaining in the combustion chambers of different temperature conditions.

The features of the invention, which are distinctive, are, firstly, the tightness of the chambers and the vacuum created inside them, which allows you to extract the vapor-gas mixture and its volatile substances completely and achieve high quality raw materials. Secondly, the use of screws for grinding raw materials. In the production of coal, chambers with raw materials are not moved from one temperature zone to another, as in the prototype, but the raw materials are moved inside the chambers using screws, thereby grinding it and preparing it for briquetting. In addition, a comparative analysis of the claimed invention with both the prototype and other technical solutions showed that the design of retorts and retort nodes proposed in the invention is new and has not previously been used in technology. Retort node in conjunction with other features of the invention works to implement the task.

The objective of the invention is to improve product quality and productivity. This problem is solved due to the fact that the installation for the production of charcoal contains separate sequentially installed chambers with different heating temperatures, interconnected by pipes, the inlet and outlet openings of which are located at different levels; with retorts installed in the chambers; devices for supplying raw materials and unloading the finished product; screws are located inside the retort; the retorts inside each chamber are interconnected by pipes for the output of steam and gas and pipe bulkheads for pouring the raw materials, mounted in the holes of the lateral cylindrical surfaces of the retorts; the retorts of each chamber are connected to a capacitor located outside the chamber; a negative pressure compressor that creates a vacuum in the installation, connected in series with a condenser; a reservoir for collecting purified pyrolysis gas in series with the compressor; a boiler connected to the compressor and the corresponding chamber, providing the necessary temperature conditions for the corresponding chamber; a capacity for collecting pyrolysis liquid, connected to the capacitors of all three chambers.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in FIG. 1 shows a side section of the inventive installation for the production of charcoal;

in FIG. 2 shows a top view of the installation.

The installation consists of three chambers 1. In the first, the process of moisture separation occurs, in the second - pyrolysis, in the third - calcination. The optimal temperature regime of each chamber is established experimentally. Processing time is also determined experimentally. Each chamber 1 contains cylindrical retorts 4 located inside it; augers 3 located inside the retort 4; pipes 5 for the output of steam and gas, mounted in the holes of the lateral cylindrical surfaces of the retort 4 and thus forming air channels connecting the retorts inside the chamber 1 to each other; a gas-vapor condenser 7 located outside the chamber 1, connected to the retorts 4 of the corresponding furnace by means of a common pipe, into which all its pipes 5 are brought together for outputting the gas-vapor; a negative pressure compressor 8 connected in series with the condenser 7 and also located outside the chamber 1, which serves to create a vacuum in the entire volume of the retort 4; a reservoir for collecting purified pyrolysis gas 9, connected in series with the compressor 8; a boiler 11 connected to the compressor 8, which provides afterburning of the purified pyrolysis gas and the necessary temperature conditions of the corresponding chamber 1, while the boilers 11 provide different temperatures of their chambers 1 to comply with the process step; a container for collecting pyrolysis liquid 10 connected to the capacitors 7 of all three chambers 1. The device contains airtight sluice gates for supplying raw materials 2 and unloading the finished product 6 located outside the chambers 1.

Retort 4 consists of a cylindrical pipe, with a screw 3 located inside it. Each furnace 1 contains at least one retort, the maximum number is determined by the tasks and the optimality of the production process. In the present invention, the retort assembly of each chamber 1 consists of three retorts 4 connected by pipe bulkheads for bedding. The movement of raw materials from one retort to another and at the same time its grinding is carried out by means of screws 3. The bearing assembly is brought outside the furnace into the cold zone, this ensures its durability.

Installation works as follows.

Before feeding into the installation, the raw materials are prepared and served homogeneous with the same humidity. Chambers 1 using boilers 11 are heated to the desired temperatures. Through a sealed sluice gate feed 2 prepared raw materials are supplied to the upper retort 4 of the retort node of the chamber 1, in which the process of moisture separation occurs. Moreover, the corresponding boiler 11 provides in this chamber 1 heating and maintaining the temperature up to 300-350 ° C. The sawdust of zero humidity moves through the volume of the retorts 4, pouring from one to another with the help of screws 3 and pipe bulkheads, heating in the next chamber 1 to a temperature of 450-470 ° C. A pyrolysis process takes place, as a result of which pyrolysis gas is actively released, which through pipes 5 enters the condenser 7, where it is subjected to fractionation. Using a negative pressure compressor 8, which creates a vacuum throughout the system, pure pyrolysis gas is first sent to the tank for collecting purified pyrolysis gas 9, and then returned to the cycle as fuel (portioned to the boiler 11 for afterburning), and the pyrolysis liquid is pumped to the tank 10 for storage and processing. The past pyrolysis process in the second chamber 1, the raw material enters the third chamber 1, where the calcination and carbonization process occurs at a temperature of 550-570 ° C, at this stage, the carbon content increases and the raw material turns into a finished product. The finished charcoal powder is removed using a tight gate lock discharge 6.

Thus, the technical effect consists in the possibility of eliminating ash and volatile substances due to the tightness of the entire system and, in particular, the tightness of the retorts of the pyrolysis chamber and the vacuum created inside them, which allows the vapor-gas mixture and its volatile substances to be completely removed and achieved This is a high quality product. Uniform and continuous movement and mixing of raw materials throughout the retort also allows you to get high-quality charcoal and increase productivity. The process is clearly divided into stages, with the possibility of flexible control of indicators affecting product quality, the process at each stage is under vacuum, with the establishment and maintenance in each chamber of its temperature regime, different from others. This provides a higher production rate.

Claims (1)

Installation for the production of charcoal, containing separate sequentially installed chambers with different heating temperatures, interconnected by pipes, the inlet and outlet openings of which are located at different levels; with retorts installed in the chambers; devices for supplying raw materials and unloading the finished product, characterized in that the screws are located inside the retorts; the retorts inside each chamber are interconnected by pipes for the output of steam and gas and pipe bulkheads for pouring the raw materials, mounted in the holes of the lateral cylindrical surfaces of the retorts; the retorts of each chamber are connected to a capacitor located outside the chamber; a negative pressure compressor that creates a vacuum in the installation, connected in series with a condenser; a reservoir for collecting purified pyrolysis gas in series with the compressor; a boiler connected to the compressor and the corresponding chamber, providing the necessary temperature conditions for the corresponding chamber; a capacity for collecting pyrolysis liquid, connected to the capacitors of all three chambers.

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