RU2654881C2 - Method of preventing snow and ice melting from sloping roofs and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, in particular to devices structurally connected to a roof and designed to prevent snow and ice cover melting from sloping roofs. Method for preventing snow and ice cover melting is that the snow and ice retaining elements are installed above the surface of the roofing material without contact and backed up by supporting elements fixed under the roofing material.

EFFECT: technical result of invention consists in improvement of roof load-carrying capacity.

24 cl, 22 dwg

Description

The invention relates to special devices structurally associated with the roof, in particular to methods and devices for protecting against the collapse of the snow and ice from the roof.

Uncontrolled and uncontrolled descent of snow or ice from the roof can lead to dangerous consequences, therefore, in order to prevent the threat of a collapse of snow or ice from the roof at the edges of the roofs, various delay devices are installed

A number of methods and technical solutions are known, such as, for example, according to patent RU No. 2338854 [1], application No. 2007123735 [2], application No. 2004137335 [3], patent No. 2154137 [4], utility model RU No. 71679 [5], www.roofsustems.ru [6], etc.

Common to these and other known designs are:

Snow retention element installed in the lower part of the roof parallel to its lower edge. The element may be in the form of a grid, continuous, trellised, multifunctional and the like.

Fixing or supporting structures - these structural elements are fixed in a contact way on the roof surface and bear snow retention elements.

Most often, snow-holding devices are found in the form of a continuous curved triangular profile made of the same material as the roof, directly screwed with screws from above to the outer surface of the roof at some distance from the lower edge of the roof.

Sometimes snow-blocking elements serve as a safety border and support elements for climbing on the roof, which can also be used to attach information or billboards or stretch marks.

All these solutions have one property common to them - they are in direct contact with the outer surface of the roofing material and are joined to it by means of fasteners.

This leads to the fact that in the roofing material there are holes that require sealing, and also closed contact surfaces are formed.

As practice shows, in places of contact accelerated corrosion of the roofing material occurs, and also as a result of temperature changes, the initial tightening of the fasteners is weakened. All this leads to premature failure of the lower edge of the roof, which is very difficult to replace or repair.

The aim of the present invention is to provide such a method and device providing it, in which the snow-retaining elements and their supporting structures would not come into contact with the roofing material of the roof and would be deprived of the above disadvantages.

Further disclosure of the essence of the proposal, which is the subject of the claims, is shown in the following figures:

FIG. 1. The side view shows the device of the snow-holding device with the mounting of the supporting element on the roof lathing.

FIG. 2. The top view shows a snow retention device with the support element mounted on the roof lathing.

FIG. 3. The side view shows the fastening of the support element on the intermediate bar.

FIG. 4. The side view shows a snow retention device with the support element fastened under the roof crate.

FIG. 5. A side view shows a snow retention device mounted on a drooping roof.

FIG. 6 The side view shows a snow retention device with the support element attached to the end of the crate.

FIG. 7 The side view shows a snow retention device with the support element fastened to the roof rafters.

FIG. 8. A side view shows a snow retention device with the support element attached to the Mauerlat.

FIG. 9. A side view shows a snow retention device with a support element mounted on brackets mounted on the outside of the wall.

FIG. 10. In general, an embodiment of a snow-holding device assembled in blocks is shown.

FIG. 11. The side view shows a snow retention device made with alternating support elements of different heights with equal upper parts in length.

FIG. 12. The side view shows a snow retention device made with alternating support elements of different heights with different upper parts in length.

FIG. 13. A side view shows a support device made of variable profile material.

FIG. 14. In general, a multi-rod support device is shown.

FIG. 15. In a side view, a support element with a branched upper part in a vertical plane is schematically shown.

FIG. 16. In a general view, a support element with a branched upper part in a horizontal plane is schematically shown.

FIG. 17. The side view shows the support device, on the bend of which over the overflow spout additional snow and ice holding elements are fixed.

FIG. 18. The side view shows the device of quick-detachable docking nodes of the support element under the roof from below.

FIG. 19. In a general view, an embodiment of a precast support element with quick-detachable docking assemblies in the upper part is shown.

FIG. 20. In general, a support element is shown made of artistically decorated material.

FIG. 21. In general, a support element with additionally fixed decorative elements and railings is shown.

FIG. 22. A general side view shows an embodiment of support elements with an edge bridge fixed to them and equipped with a railing.

The following notation is used in the above figures:

1. The wall.

2. Mauerlat.

3. Rush.

4. Reiki.

5. Roofing wave material (slate).

6. Overlay.

7. Hemming board.

8. The trough.

9. Support element.

10. Fastener.

11. The holding element.

12. The intermediate bar.

13. The screw.

14. The intermediate mount.

15. Flat roofing material.

16. The beam.

17. Optional bracket.

18. Intermediate base.

19. Additional holding element.

20. Bayonet socket.

21. The thorn.

22. The removable part.

23. The base of the support element.

24. The invoice element.

25. The panel.

26. Railing.

27. Edge bridge.

28. The bar.

29. Sewing.

The results of testing the device are presented in Appendix 1 in photo 1-9.

In FIG. 1 shows the use of the device using the most common wave roofing material - slate.

Slate material can be different - steel, asbestos-cement or plastic composites.

In general, the roof device of FIG. 1 is as follows:

Mauerlat 2 is fixed on the wall 1, on which the rafters 3 rest.

On the rafters 3 with a certain step, a lath is fixed, in a simplified form consisting only of load-bearing racks 4 arranged with a certain step.

The wave material is attached to the rails - slate 5, and steel and plastic sheets of the wave profile are attached to the rails through the lower wave, and asbestos-cement slate - through the upper.

Improved crate contains additional elements - lining 6 and hemming boards 7.

Between the supporting rails 4 to the rafters nails 6 are beaten so high that the binder boards 7 fixed to them lie flush with the top edge of the rails 4.

Such a crate has a number of advantages over a simplified one:

Firstly, it stabilizes the temperature regime under the roof;

Secondly, on it, under the roofing material, it is possible to fix rolled, sheet heat-insulating, waterproof and condensate-removing materials.

This is especially important for steel wave profiles and flat roofing materials (metal tiles, rebate roofs, etc.)

One of the essential elements of the roof is a drainage trough 8, which is attached both to the roof lathing and to other elements of the roof or wall.

-образного контура нижней стороной под верхней волной прикреплен на обрешетке кровли, например, непосредственно к крайним рейкам 4 крепежными элементами 10.The supporting element 9 in the form

-shaped contour with the lower side under the upper wave attached to the roof crate, for example, directly to the extreme rails 4 by fasteners 10.

By its inflection, the supporting element bypasses the end face of the roofing material 5, without touching it.

-образного контура располагается сверху кровельного материала и параллельна наклону крыши.Upper side

-shaped contour is located on top of the roofing material and parallel to the slope of the roof.

-образных контуров параллельно нижней кромке кровельного материала закреплен удерживающий снег и лед элемент 11 вариантным исполнением крепежного элемента 10.Top at the ends

-shaped contours parallel to the lower edge of the roofing material, a snow and ice holding element 11 is fixed with an embodiment of the fastening element 10.

The retaining element can be from any profile material in the form of a channel, a corner, a pipe of various contours, a T-shaped and so on.

-образных контуров могут быть разной длины и собраны в группы так, что удерживающие снег и лед элементы могут относительно кромки кровельного материала располагаться по ломаной линии или разновысокими отрезками.Also tops

-shaped contours can be of different lengths and assembled into groups so that the snow and ice holding elements can be located along a broken line or uneven segments relative to the edge of the roofing material.

The supporting element 9, passing under the upper wave, does not limit the functions of the groove 8.

On roofs with asbestos-cement slate, the pitch of the rails 4 is increased on the one hand, and on the other, for already installed roofs, it is very difficult or even impossible to fix the supporting elements on the crate.

In this case, the support member 9 of FIG. 3 is pre-fixed on the intermediate strip 12, then the strip 12 with the supporting element 9 fixed on it is inserted under the wave of slate, and the strips themselves can be attached from below with screws 13 or from the ends using intermediate fasteners 14 pre-mounted on the strips 12.

In the case of the use of a flat non-profiled roofing material, for example a seam roof, it is difficult or even impossible to install a support element under such material.

In this case, FIG. 4 using a flat non-profiled material 15, the support element can be fixed under the crate by attaching it to the rails 4 from below by screws 13. And for the overhanging roofs of Fig. 5, the support element 9 can be fixed under the lower binder boards 7.

-образный контур.It is also possible to install a powerful edge beam 16 of FIG. 6, to the end of which the lower side can be fixed

-shaped outline.

The roof rafters and the Mauerlat have good bearing capacity, therefore, the supporting element 9 of FIG. 7 can be attached directly to the rafters or to the Mauerlat 2 of FIG. 8.

If the crate or binder is not strong enough, for example, a drooping or high roof with a long roof that can accumulate a huge mass of snow, the load-bearing capacity of the crate may not be enough to hold the supporting elements, in which case the supporting element can be fixed using additional brackets 17 directly to the wall . 9

-образный контур может быть изогнут не только по криволинейной радиусной, но и ломаной линии Фиг. 8, 9, 20, 21.In order to optimize the configuration for a specific roof option

-shaped contour can be bent not only along a curved radial, but also a broken line of FIG. 8, 9, 20, 21.

The installation of the snow holding device can be facilitated and simplified by pre-assembling the support elements on the intermediate base 18 of FIG. 10.

Such a scheme is convenient and effective when used for a certain type of roofing material, and in such blocks it is possible to pre-install and even in the conditions of the factory assembly retaining elements 11.

Variants of fastening blocks to the crate can be any of the above.

The fastening of the supporting elements can be simplified and easier to install due to pre-installation before laying the roofing material, bearing a unified contour for subsequent installation and fixing in it the bottom of the supporting elements at any point along the length of the contour.

The supporting contour, in turn, under the roof can be fixed in any way: to the crate, Mauerlat, rafters, wall, etc., in addition, it itself can be in the form of an edge board, Mauerlat, sewing board, etc.

To strengthen the restraining effect of increasing the intensity of snow and ice melting, the supporting elements on the same roof can be of different configurations and are installed alternately.

Alternating support elements in this case may be different in height with one length of the upper contour of FIG. 11 or different lengths FIG. 12, and alternating support elements can be used either independently of each element, or assembled in advance in blocks, and the retaining elements installed on them can be connected by jumpers, while the same or different configuration of the holding elements 11 can be fixed to them .

Each section of the support element under the influence of the weight of ice and snow experiences different loads, especially they are large in the lower part of the bend.

Therefore, from the point of view of reducing its mass and, accordingly, price to use, it is desirable to carry out the supporting element with a variable profile in decreasing order from the lower base of FIG. 13., and the variable profile can be integrally molded or welded from several parts of different sections. On such support elements, several rows of retaining elements can be mounted.

-образных контуров Фиг. 14 на одном основании.The same amplification problem can be solved by using several

-shaped contours of FIG. 14 on one basis.

-образный контур Фиг. 15.A variant of the support element may be branching in the upper part

-shaped contour of FIG. fifteen.

Such contours, having a common base from the bottom to the top, can fork in the form of a fork, and the plane of the fork can be parallel to the roof plane, perpendicular to it or in two mutually perpendicular planes of FIG. 15, FIG. 16.

With intense snow melting on the roof due to a sharp temperature drop, snow, as practice shows, crawls through the classical elements of the fence and falls on the drainage trench (see Photo 1), which leads to unacceptable deformations and even breakage.

This phenomenon can be prevented or at least reduced by its destructive effect on the drainage trough by installing an additional retaining element 19 of FIG. 17 immediately above the gutter at the bend of the support device.

The previously described construction options of the supporting elements include the installation of the supporting elements in advance, then the laying of the roofing material.

This method requires very accurate calculations and the correct marking of the position of the supporting elements, especially in cases with profile roofing material.

This task can be simplified by at least two options: firstly, the docking nodes are fixed to the crate, for example, (Fig. 18) the bayonet connection 20, the support element has a spike 21, with which it connects to the socket 20 after laying the roofing material,

secondly, another method is characterized in that the composite support element of FIG. 19 comprises a removable top 22 and a base 23.

The base of the support element 23 is set in advance and fixed on the crate.

The upper parts 22 are joined with the lower 23 after laying the roofing material.

Connections in this case can be any: threaded, hinge-loop, telescopic, with latches, using adjustable cotter pins, etc. and the like, ultimately desirable quick-detachable.

Any roof except its intended purpose - to protect the house from rainfall - is often the final element in the decorative design of the house, creating a unique original visual effect.

Existing snow retention devices are distinguished only by their functionality and do not create a pronounced artistic diversity.

The proposed method and device for its implementation motivate an infinite number of options for the decoration of the roof end.

Firstly, the support element can be made by art forging of various configurations. FIG. 20, both with the same shape along the entire length of the roof, and alternating.

Secondly, standard support elements can be decorated with overhead elements 24 of FIG. 21.

The same approach applies to the holding element fixed to the supporting elements.

The retaining element may be made of artistically decorated or perforated material containing various configurations of patterns up to carved inscriptions.

It can also be a grid, multi-contour, variable profile both in the plane parallel to the roof and perpendicular to it.

In order to enhance the visual effect and the original design of the edge of the roof, decorative protective contours or panels with information and advertising information can be installed on the supporting elements 25 Fig. 21, which can be equipped with lighting equipment.

The visual effect can be enhanced by creating a variable configuration of the position of the retaining element relative to the lower edge of the roof.

So, for example, the holding elements can be located at different levels with a small overlap or along a broken line, or their configuration, etc.

If it is necessary to carry out work on the roof, a distribution bar can be superimposed on the retaining elements, on which a ladder can rest, lying on the roof plane to move the worker along it.

To ensure safety when working on the roof, the railing 26 of FIG. 21.

In addition, an edge bridge 27 that can be equipped with a railing 26 of FIG. 22, information boards, panels, etc.

At very small angles of inclination of the roofs, precipitation falling on the supporting elements from above, flowing down the surface of the supporting element downwards, due to the effects of wetting and licking, can fall on the crate elements under the roofing material and moisten them.

This naturally can cause these elements to accelerate failure.

In order to prevent the manifestation of this phenomenon, various types of barriers can be created on the lower part of the support element, preventing the penetration of moisture under the roof.

Such barriers can be cuts, various thresholds due to stepwise changes in the perimeter, or simple overlays 28 fig. 22 from metal, rubber, plastic, coatings from water-repellent materials, etc.

At the end of the perimeter of the roof from the lower surface of the roofing material to the wall, end sewing 29 can be installed. FIG. 22.

Such sewing provides sealing of the attic space and prevents birds from nesting, it can serve as additional support for the supporting element and can be used as an element of decorative design of the roof.

Observation Results:

Field testing of the device was carried out in comparison with the classic versions of snow-holding devices.

In photos 1, 2, 3 it is seen how the snow crawls through a classic snow-holding curb when it melts and falls on a spillway with a load destroying it, and crawling occurs with some lumps with an impact on the gutter, and even when fast melting, drooping icicles form the side of the gutter ( photo 3).

The falling snow from the roof equipped with the proposed device behaves in a completely different way.

Photo 4, taken at the beginning of the snowfall, shows how snow falls on the entire roof without snow-holding devices and on the site on the right, equipped with a contactless snow-holding device.

On a photo 5 - a general view of a roof after a snowfall.

In the upper zone from the snow retention element there is a stable and uniform layer of snow, as well as on the entire surface of the roof to the ridge.

On the left, the entire layer rests on the spillway, and on the right on the spillway lies only some significantly reduced part of the snow layer below the snow retention device.

In FIG. 6, 7, 8 - intermediate stages of melting. These photos show a clear distinction between the two zones.

In the lower zone from the snow retention element, accelerated uniform snow melting at the edge of the roof with a uniform dosed discharge of melt water onto the gutter from all the snow lying on the roof.

Closeup photo 9, 10 shows a fragment of snow and melt water coming down from the bottom edge of slate, excluding the appearance of icicles and mechanical impact on the gutter.

The snow retention element cuts the pushing snow and does not interfere with the flow of melt water under it.

This eliminates the appearance of an ice substrate with a decrease in temperature at night, which, when heated during the daytime, at some time is a water bath through which snow glides easily, without stopping at the continuous known and widely used borders.

The photos presented show how a gradual dosed melting of snow coming down from the roof occurs with minimal formation of ice and icicles.

The proposed method and device for its implementation can really reduce the likelihood of a landslide of snow and ice from the roof, without compromising the operational life of the lower edge of the roof.

Thus, according to the technical and patent information available to the author, the claimed combination of features and technical result is not revealed, which clearly follows from the corresponding prior art, which allows us to conclude that the alleged invention is at a selective level.

Claims (24)

1. A method of preventing snow and ice from falling off pitched roofs, including a snow retention device consisting of support and snow and ice holding elements, characterized in that the snow and ice holding elements are mounted on the supporting elements contactlessly relative to the outer surface and the lower edge of the roofing material, and supporting elements with the bottom side are fixed under the roofing material. 2. Snow retention device for implementing the method according to claim 1 for roofs made of a roofing wave material, consisting of a number of support and holding elements fixed to them, characterized in that the support elements are made of

-shaped contours, the lower side fixed on the roof crate under the upper wave in increments of a multiple of the step of the wave material, and at the end of the upper side

-shaped contours, a retaining element is fixed, consisting of at least one row of a profile located with a gap above the surface of the roofing material and parallel to the lower end of the roof, while between the end of the roofing material and the inflection

-shaped contours there is a gap, and they themselves

-shaped contours can be bent along radial or broken lines. 3. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contours under the roofing material are fixed under the crate. 4. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contours under the roofing material are fixed to the end of the lathing. 5. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contours under the roofing material are attached to the roof rafters. 6. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contours under the roofing material are attached to the Mauerlat. 7. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contours under the roofing material are mounted on brackets mounted on the outside of the load-bearing wall. 8. Snow retention device according to any one of paragraphs. 2-7, characterized in that

-shaped contours of the lower side with a certain step are rigidly connected into blocks of a certain length on an intermediate base attached by any of the options under the roofing material, and on top on

-shaped contours mounted holding elements with a length equal to the length of the intermediate base. 9. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that the alternating

-shaped contours are made of different heights relative to the plane of the roofing material with holding elements respectively fixed to them, and holding elements with a certain pitch can be connected with each other, while the upper arcs

-shaped contours depending on the height can be of different lengths. 10. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cross section

-shaped contour is made of a variable profile in decreasing order from the lower base. 11. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contour is multidisciplinary. 12. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contour in the upper part is branched in the form of a fork, consisting of several rods located both in one plane, horizontal or vertical, and in planes perpendicular to each other. 13. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that on the bend

-shaped contour above the spillway secured additional elements holding snow and ice. 14. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that the docking nodes are permanently installed under the roofing material, and

-shaped contours in the lower part are provided with unified mating docking elements connected in nodes with quick-disconnect connections. 15. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting elements are prefabricated, consisting of a base permanently connected to the roof lath, and an upper part fixed to the base after laying the roofing material 16. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contour is made of artistically decorated material. 17. Snow retention device according to claim 2. characterized in that on

-shaped decorative elements are additionally fixed. 18. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that the retaining element is made of artistically designed perforated contour or of mesh material. 19. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that decorative-protective or advertising-information panels are installed on the supporting elements. 20. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that

-shaped contours in the upper part have different lengths and are assembled in groups so that the snow and ice holding elements are located relative to the lower edge of the roofing material along a broken solid line or uneven segments. 21. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that the railing is fixed to the supporting elements. 22. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that an edge bridge is fixed to the supporting elements. 23. Snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting element at the bottom contains a barrier to prevent moisture from entering the roof. 24. A snow retention device according to claim 2, characterized in that a supporting unified contour is fixed under the roof before laying the roofing material, and the supporting elements are installed and fixed in it at any point after laying the roofing material.

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