RU2654788C1 - Materials crushing method and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: desintegrators and crushing devices.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the crushing method and device for its implementation, which can be used in mining, metallurgical, construction and other industries associated with the materials disintegration. Material crushing method consists in the fact, that before the raw material supply to the crushing zone and during crushing, small fractions are partially isolated from it, and the remaining pieces are evenly distributed along the rolls by coarseness. Performing the selective material crushing first between the rotating rolls and then between each of the rolls and the stationary housing inner surface. Materials crushing method implementation device comprises loading and unloading devices, housing, working member in the form of arranged in the stationary housing two vertical rolls. On the inner surface, in the housing lower end, the supporting plates are fixed on both sides, which form gap between the rolls and their side sides. Rollers working surfaces are made in the form of identical truncated cones with diameters decreasing to the loading device. Housing has the stretched along the width circle cross-sectional shape, enveloping rollers with the clearance. Gap between the rollers minimum size is equal to the minimum gap between each of the rollers and the housing inner cylindrical surface, and the gap between the sides of supporting plates with rollers.

EFFECT: group of inventions enables increase in the material crushing degree, improvement in the crushing quality.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to roller crushers, is intended for crushing materials and can be used in mining, metallurgical, construction and other industries related to the disintegration of materials.

A known method of crushing materials in a roll crusher (Machines and assemblies of metallurgical plants. TI / Tselikov A.I., Polukhin P.I., Grebenik V.M. et al .; Edited by Tselikov A.I. 2nd ed. , revised and enlarged - M .: Metallurgy, 1987. - 440 pp. 80-83), containing a working body in the form of two rolls that are placed horizontally in a stationary housing, while crushing the material between rotating towards each other parallel rolls and destruction occurs due to the compression of crushed material.

The disadvantage of this method is the low degree of crushing of the material in the crusher, the impossibility of removing material from the crushing zone, which is not necessary to be crushed, and, as a result, the high energy consumption per unit of finished product.

The closest known solution to the claimed method is the method of crushing materials described in a multi-roll crusher (Patent for invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan KZ 26442 A4, 07.20.2011, publ. 14.12.2012, bulletin No. 12), containing a working body in the form of several rolls, placed pairwise in a stationary casing and forming a cone-shaped vertical crushing space, while the material is crushed between parallel rolls rotating opposite to each other with different diameters and the destruction occurs due to compression of the crushed m the material.

The disadvantage of this method is the low degree of crushing of the material, achieved in one device, the inability to withdraw from the crushing zone of the material, which is not necessary to crush, and, therefore, the high energy consumption per unit of finished product.

The closest in design features to the proposed device for implementing the method of crushing materials is a vertical roller crusher (Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation RU 2484902 C2, 11/14/2008, publ. 12/27/2011, bulletin No. 36), including loading and unloading devices, working body in two vertical rolls, housing.

The disadvantage of a vertical roll crusher is the low degree of crushing of the material, achieved in one device, the complexity of manufacturing and unreliable operation due to the requirements of maintaining a high rotational speed of the drum (roll) for unloading material due to centrifugal forces, as well as the use of a lever-hydraulic device to create the necessary pressure on the destructible material and obtaining material of a given size.

The technical result is to increase the degree of crushing of the material, improving the quality of crushing of the material and, consequently, reducing energy consumption per unit of finished product.

In the claimed method, the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of crushing materials in a roller crusher with a cone-shaped vertical crushing space into which the starting material is fed, the crushing process is carried out and the material is removed from the crushing zone according to the invention before the starting material is fed into the crushing zone and in the process fine fractions are partially emitted from it, and the remaining pieces are evenly distributed by size along the rolls, after which the crushed material is first fed to the fraction zone lenii between rotating rolls, and then into the gap between each of the rolls and the inner surface of the stationary housing.

In the proposed device, the technical result is achieved in that the device for implementing the method of crushing materials contains a loading and unloading device, a working body in the form of two vertical rolls and a casing, the crusher being provided with supporting plates fixed on both sides on the inner surface in the lower end part of the casing, with the formation of a gap between the rolls and their sides, while the working surfaces of each of the rolls are made in the form of identical truncated cones with diameters and decreasing towards the loading device, and the inner surface of the housing has a cross-sectional shape of a circle extended in width, enveloping with the roll gap, while the minimum gap between the rolls is equal to the minimum gap between each of the rolls and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing and the gap between the sides supporting plates with rolls.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 schematically shows a general view of the crusher, in FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the crusher schematically depicted in FIG. 1, and in FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a crusher.

The crusher contains loading and unloading devices 1 and 7, respectively (in Fig. 1 are shown in section, and in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 conventionally not shown), the working body in the form of two vertical rolls 2 and 3, housing 4 (on Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is shown in section). The working surfaces of the rolls 2 and 3 are made in the form of identical truncated cones with diameters decreasing to the loading device 1. On the inner surface in the lower end part of the housing 4, supporting plates 5 and 6 are fixed on both sides (see Fig. 3) with pointed ends such so that the pointed ends are directed towards the roll space. The minimum size of the gap between the rollers 2 and 3 is equal to the minimum gap between each of them and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing 4 and the gap between the sides of the supporting plates 5 and 6 with the rollers 2 and 3.

The method is carried out, and the device operates as follows.

Pieces of crushed material through the loading device 1 fall into the receiving space between vertically arranged rollers 2 and 3 in the form of identical truncated cones and the inner surface of the stationary housing 4 and are supported by the plate 5, where they are actively mixed by acting on them to rotate towards each other rollers 2 and 3, are distributed in height: larger ones in the upper part, smaller ones in the lower part, i.e. segregation of crushed pieces of material occurs. In this case, small particles, not reaching the gap between the rollers 2 and 3, are poured down into the unloading device 7. Under the influence of the gravity of the overlying layers of crushed material, as well as friction, the pieces are pulled between the rollers 2 and 3, crushed between them and pass into the zone located behind the rollers 2 and 3 and the inner surface of the stationary housing 4. The newly formed small particles are poured down into the unloading device 7, and sufficiently large pieces obtained after crushing between the rollers 2 and 3 fall down along the narrowing conical and supported by the plate 6. These pieces are pulled into the gap between each of the rolls 2 and 3 and the inner surface of the stationary housing 4, while crushing is already done on large diameters of the rolls 2 and 3, dropping down towards the discharge device 7, and crushed material, passing from zone to zone to complete crushing, it is discharged through a discharge device 7 at the bottom of the crusher.

Thus, the use of the proposed method of crushing materials and a device for its implementation will significantly increase the degree of crushing of the material, improve the quality of crushing of the material and, therefore, reduce the energy consumption per unit of finished product due to the allocation of fine fractions and the implementation of selective crushing of bulk material.

Claims (2)

1. The method of crushing materials in a roll crusher with a cone-shaped vertical crushing space into which the starting material is supplied, the crushing process is carried out and the material is removed from the crushing zone, characterized in that before the feed material is fed into the crushing zone and during crushing it is partially isolated from it fractions, and the remaining pieces are evenly distributed by size along the rolls, after which the crushed material is first fed into the crushing zone between the rotating rolls, and then into the gap between each of alkov and the inner surface of the stationary housing. 2. A device for implementing the method of crushing materials, including loading and unloading devices, a working body in the form of two vertical rolls and a housing, characterized in that the crusher is equipped with supporting plates fixed on both sides on the inner surface in the lower end part of the housing with the formation of a gap between rolls and their sides, while the working surfaces of each of the rolls are made in the form of identical truncated cones with diameters decreasing to the loading device, and inside ennyaya surface of the housing has a cross sectional shape of a circle stretched width enveloping the rollers with a clearance, the minimum size of the gap between the rolls is a minimum clearance between each of the rollers and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing and the gap between the sides of the support plates with the rollers.

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