RU2651738C1 - Mast with direction stabilized upper working platform - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to high-rise facilities for the placement of technical means requiring, for its normal operation, installation with a certain directivity, namely for: antennas with a narrow beam pattern; aerial optical communication devices; optical surveillance devices of the visible and infrared ranges cameras type used for the protection of various objects and the state border, inclusive. Said technical result is achieved by fact, that the mast with the direction stabilized upper working platform, including the upper working platform, vertical posts, articulated to the vertical posts horizontal struts, and side extensions connected to the base, consists of two pairs of vertical posts. At that, the each pair both posts are pivotally connected by identical horizontal struts. Vertical posts pairs are connected to each other either by pivotally fixed pairs of identical additional horizontal struts, or by platforms articulated onto the vertical posts pairs horizontal struts. At that, the topmost mast platform is the working platform.

EFFECT: technical result of the invention consists in a significant increase in the mast upper platform position angular stability under any permissible in a given location wind loads and other negative natural factors, with simultaneous significant reduction in the structure metal consumption and simplification of its assembly on site.

11 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to high-rise buildings for the placement of technical equipment requiring for their normal operation installations with a specific focus, namely for: antennas, with a narrow radiation pattern; optical aerial communication devices; optical surveillance devices such as cameras in the visible and infrared ranges used to protect various objects and the state border including.

It is known that keeping the direction for any product located on a high-rise structure (hereinafter we will call it a “mast”) is a difficult task in conditions of real wind load. In particular, when placing technical vision devices (video cameras or thermal imaging cameras) on the masts in windy weather, it is impossible for the operator to observe due to the constant movement of the image on the screen caused by the mast swinging. The reason for the swing is nothing but the deformation (bending) of the mast under the influence of wind load. The mast bends under the pressure of the wind and its upper platform, on which the product is installed, shifts in coordinates, and most importantly in elevation. Together with the upper platform of the mast, the product shifts and its orientation changes.

So, for example, for a truss mast with a cross section of 0.8 × 0.8 m, made of a steel angle of 50 × 50 mm, and a height of 10 ms with extensions, the displacement of the upper platform with a wind of 25 m / s is about ± 0.1 m. the platform tilts at an angle of the order of ± 1 °. Modern optical instruments that allow observation at distances of up to 10 km have an angle of view of less than one degree. Accordingly, when the mast is tilted under the influence of the wind by 1 °, the distant object simply leaves the field of view of the operator. Moreover, the speed of movement of the image on the screen will be so high that the operator will not be able to clearly see anything on it.

There are two simple ways to improve the situation: firstly, you can strengthen the mast by increasing its cross section to several meters (reduce the ratio of the transverse size to height); secondly, a gyrostabilized platform can be installed on the upper platform of the mast to accommodate the product. However, in the first case, the mast will become many times heavier and its delivery to hard-to-reach areas will become problematic. In the second case, the gyrostabilized platform will significantly increase the cost of the product and, in addition, will require additional power supply, which is again problematic in sparsely populated areas. In addition, the gyrostabilized platform will require periodic routine maintenance and maintenance. Thus, the appearance of a cheap, lightweight, poorly maintained mast structure during operation, the upper platform of which does not bend under the wind load, significantly improves the situation in this matter.

Therefore, the mast, which is supposed to be used for remote control, must meet a number of the following stringent requirements.

Firstly, the mast should operate reliably around the clock and all year round in any weather conditions, including with strong alternating wind loads.

Secondly, the mast should provide sufficient vertical load for the installation of devices and not require maintenance in the long-term operation mode (mast life of at least 10 years). This is due to the need to install it in hard-to-reach areas, where it is possible to get there no more than once a year due to natural conditions and poor roads.

Thirdly, the mast should not significantly differ in weight and size characteristics from the traditional masts currently in use. Otherwise, the applicability of such a mast will be very limited due to its overall dimensions and, accordingly, the difficulties encountered during delivery and installation at the place of operation.

Fourth, the mast should have a simple design, providing for its direct assembly at the installation site, which greatly simplifies its use in hard-to-reach areas.

Fifthly, the mast should not require additional energy supply for its functioning, which is especially important in remote, sparsely populated areas.

There is a known construction of a high-mast, on which products can be placed that require installations with a certain angular orientation for their normal operation (see USSR author's certificate No. 403835, class E04H 12/34, 1973). The reduction in the deviation of the top of the known mast is based on the installation of struts rigidly attached to a continuous ring placed around the lower part of the mast, and in the upper part of the struts connected together by another ring of a smaller diameter and having spacers in the gap between the mast and this ring in the form of an earring both to the mast and to the ring. The upper ring is located at a certain height from the ground. This achieves a more rigid fixation of the mast, compared with fixation by stretch marks at the location of the ring.

The main disadvantage of the known device is that the mast is fixed at some one level, while its parts located above and below this second ring continue to experience wind loads and bend. The only difference is that shorter mast sections are bent. That is, the problem of stabilization in the direction of the upper platform of the mast is only partially solved. The inclination of the upper mast, when exposed to wind load, will only slightly decrease.

Another serious drawback of the known device is that it is significantly more material-intensive compared to a traditional mast. The struts and the lower continuous ring must be sufficiently powerful structures that can withstand not only their own weight, but also wind loads. Accordingly, this method of solving the problem leads to a strong increase in the overall dimensions of the mast.

In addition, the installation of such a mast with struts is much more time-consuming and requires higher accuracy when working in the field. The continuous ring must be installed on the foundation, struts with the upper ring must be installed on it, and the mast itself must be placed strictly vertically in the middle of the ring.

Closest to the claimed solution is the technical solution chosen as a prototype, designed to accommodate antenna equipment of radio and radio relay communication channels (see USSR author's certificate No. 459824, class H01Q 1/12, 1975). The device should provide a stable directivity of antennas with a narrow diagram. The known device consists of three masts of a traditional design (mast-truss) having a common base and an antenna platform pivotally mounted on the tops of all three masts. Side extensions are attached to the tops of each mast. For greater stability, the masts are connected at several levels by rigid horizontal articulated struts.

The main disadvantage of the known device is that it is not able to provide high angular stability of the position of the upper platform. This is due to the fact that the antenna platform is pivotally attached to the tops of the masts, and horizontal struts - to the side surfaces of the masts. Accordingly, the platform, the masts and the strut in the projection form a trapezoid, at the tops of which there are hinges. From the course of geometry it is known that the trapezoid is a rigid figure and under loads it deforms like a solid body. That is, the known structure will bend as a whole, just like a regular mast-farm, but larger.

Another disadvantage of the known device is that stretch marks are attached to each mast separately. All the stability of the known device is based on its symmetry. That is, all three masts are exactly the same, placed strictly symmetrically on the ground, while all extensions and cross struts of the same length are also placed symmetrically. However, the forces from the stretch marks may not be the same under wind load due to the fact that they were stretched unevenly when installing the device on the ground, or changed their state from time to time, or from weather conditions (for example, icing, uneven heating due to the sun, wind) . In this case, the horizontal projections of the forces acting on the masts will be partially aligned due to the upper platform, but the vertical components of the forces on the side of the braces will be different for each mast. They, in particular, will depend on the wind load. Such unevenness will lead to the fact that during the wind the platform will tilt (change the elevation angle) or rotate in azimuth.

In addition, the known device has a complex structure and, accordingly, there is a complex installation. In fact, you need to install not one but three masts, rigidly connect them at several levels with horizontal struts, and then stretch the braces. Thus, at least three times as many metal structures or metal products will be required to be delivered to the installation site (if it is intended to assemble the structure directly at the installation site).

The technical result of the claimed invention is to significantly increase the angular stability of the position of the upper mast platform for any permissible wind loads in the area and other negative natural factors (icing, uneven solar heating, etc.) while significantly reducing the metal consumption of the structure and simplifying its assembly by place of installation.

The specified technical result in a mast with a stabilized upper working platform, including the upper working platform, vertical struts, horizontal struts, pivotally connected to vertical struts, and side extensions connected to the base, is achieved by the fact that the mast consists of two pairs of vertical struts, in this case, both racks of each pair are pivotally connected by the same horizontal struts, and the pairs of vertical racks, in turn, are interconnected or by pivotally fixed pairs of one any additional horizontal struts, or platforms pivotally mounted on horizontal struts of pairs of vertical struts.

The specified execution of pairs of vertical posts articulated by struts leads to the fact that each pair of struts with struts between them forms a rectangular stand with the possibility of its inclination in the plane of the stand in any direction until a parallelogram is formed (a rectangle is not a rigid figure, unlike a trapezoid.) When tilted, all cross struts remain parallel to each other and to the mast base.

Similarly, by hinging pairs of vertical posts together between horizontal platforms or struts, we get the same rectangular stand in the projection with the possibility of its tilt in any direction until a parallelogram is formed. And just as in the case of pairs of uprights, when tilted, all cross struts and platforms remain parallel to each other and to the base of the mast.

Thus, due to the ability to tilt the mast in two directions, while maintaining the parallelism of all platforms and horizontal struts to each other and to the base of the mast, it is possible to stabilize in the direction the upper working platform, on which equipment is required, which requires tight stabilization in angle. Unlike mast farms, which can be held in an upright position only due to their own rigidity and foundation, this mast is prevented from falling mainly by lateral extensions that take on most of the wind load.

Thus, the high stability of the position of the upper mast platform is achieved due to the fact that its entire structure consists of rectangles, which, as you know, are not a rigid figure and, in the presence of hinges at the vertices, are freely deformed into parallelograms, while leaving the opposite sides parallel to each other . Such a mast, under load, does not behave like a solid body!

For smooth transition of the lateral rectangular mast structures into parallelograms, both swivel joints and elastic joints can be used as swivel joints.

The advantage of the swivel joints is that the mast can be folded into a more compact, flat design when transported to the installation site. Moreover, the entire structure can be manufactured in the factory and at the place of assembly it is only necessary to carry out additional installation (install horizontal struts or platforms) between pairs of vertical racks.

The advantage of elastic hinges is that such a hinge is a single part, and therefore, there is no backlash in it. The rotation in this hinge is due to the elastic deformation of the hinge material. The angle of rotation of such a hinge is small, but sufficient for the reliable functioning of the mast, while it does not have separate parts, and therefore no possible gaps.

Vertical mast racks can be made from almost any type of rolled steel, which makes the mast technologically simple and cost-effective. It is most expedient to make racks from a metal pipe of round or rectangular cross-section, from a channel or from an I-beam. These types of rolled products do not need additional machining and have high torsion characteristics. It is known that the maximum torsional rigidity, with the same linear meter weight, has a thin-walled round pipe.

To increase the rigidity of the mast mast torsion while maintaining the minimum weight and size characteristics, the vertical mast mast can be made of welded metal trusses.

To achieve the required mast height, which is associated with the relief of the surrounding area, the mast can be made of several consecutive vertical sections of the same type, each vertical column of which is equipped with a connecting element. Therefore, it makes little sense to develop a number of individual mast designs of various heights. You can simply increase the required height due to additional sections of the same type. In addition, these low sections are easier to transport to the installation site.

If the weight and size characteristics are not critical, but it is required to ensure maximum structural rigidity in the given dimensions, the mast racks can be made of reinforced concrete. These racks can be made directly at the installation site of the mast, delivering only formwork, reinforcement and cement to the place. Concrete can be poured into removable or fixed formwork, for example, into a steel pipe. In the case of using removable formwork, metal embedded plates are made in the places of installation of horizontal struts. In the case of the use of fixed formwork in the form of a steel pipe, the installation of horizontal spacers can be carried out directly to the steel pipe.

To increase the vertical stability of the claimed mast, lateral extensions are installed at several levels of mast height.

Thus, the claimed technical solution, due to the presence of two pairs of vertical racks, forming rectangular stands and allowing their transformation under the influence of wind loads into parallelograms, allows you to stabilize in the direction of the upper platform, on which the equipment with rigid stabilization in angle is fixed, which has no analogues among known devices designed to counter the wind load on the mast, and, therefore, meets the criterion of "inventive step".

In FIG. 1-14, various embodiments of the claimed mast or its main structural elements are presented.

In FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the inventive mast, the posts of which are made of a rectangular pipe with an upper working platform, horizontal struts and side braces, where: struts 1a and 1b make up the first pair of vertical struts connected by horizontal struts 2a; posts 1c and 1d with spacers 2b form a second pair; both pairs of uprights, in turn, are interconnected either by pairs of identical additional horizontal spacers 3a and 3b, or platform 4 (one or more); all connections of the spacers 2a, 2b and 3a, 3b to each other are made using elastic hinges 5a and 5b, and with vertical struts - using elastic hinges 6a and 6b; platform 4 is also connected using elastic hinges 7a and 7b; lateral extensions 8a-8g are attached to the central crossbar of the upper platform 4.

In FIG. 2 presents an embodiment of the inventive mast, the posts of which are made of a rectangular pipe, consisting of two pairs of vertical posts 9a, 9b and 9b, 9g, connected by horizontal struts 10a-10g using elastic joints 11.

In FIG. 3 is a drawing (fragment of FIG. 2) illustrating the connection of a vertical strut with a horizontal strut using an elastic hinge, where: 9a is a vertical strut; 10a is a horizontal strut with an elastic hinge 11 (the weakened end of the strut 10a) connected by welds 12 and 13 with the rack 9a.

In FIG. 4 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical rectangular strut with a horizontal strut using a swivel joint, where: 14 is a vertical strut; 15 is a horizontal strut connected to a vertical strut 14 by means of a pivot hinge 16 formed by eyes 17a and 17b and an axis 18 passing through the strut 14.

In FIG. 5 is a drawing explaining the connection of two vertical rectangular struts with a horizontal strut and a platform, where: 19a and 19b are vertical struts connected to a horizontal strut 20 using pivot hinges 21a and 21b; 22 is a platform connected to a horizontal spacer 20 using pivot hinges 23a and 23b.

In FIG. 6 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical strut in the form of a channel 24 with a horizontal strut 25 and platform 26 by means of a rotary hinge 27 with an axis of rotation 28 passing through the strut 24 and a rotary hinge 29 around the strut 25.

In FIG. 7 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical post in the form of an I-beam 30 with a horizontal strut 31 and a platform 32 by means of a pivot joint 33 with an axis of rotation 34 passing through the post 30 and a pivot joint 35 around the spacer 31.

In FIG. 8 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical strut in the form of a pipe of circular cross section 36 with a horizontal strut 37 and a platform 38 by means of a pivot joint 39 with an axis of rotation 40 passing through the strut 36 and a pivot joint 41 around the strut 37.

In FIG. 9 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical strut in the form of a pipe 42 of circular cross section through an intermediate plate 43 with a horizontal spacer 44 using an elastic joint 45 and welds 46a and 46b.

In FIG. 10 is a drawing explaining the fastening of the side braces 8a-8g (see Fig. 1, bottom view) to the upper H-shaped platform 4 by means of fasteners 47a-47g with the upper ends of the side braces 8a-8g fixed to them.

In FIG. 11 is a drawing explaining the docking connection of two vertical mast posts, which is necessary to increase its height by connecting several sections in series, where: 48a and 48b are two I-shaped vertical posts mounted on top of each other, at the ends of which are welded 49a and 49b, mounting plates 50a and 50b are fixed, connected to each other by four connecting bolts (bolts not shown) through the mounting holes 51.

In FIG. 12 is a drawing (a flat projection of a fragment of a mast) explaining the construction of a mast, the posts of which are made of welded metal trusses, where: 52a and 52b are welded trusses interconnected by horizontal struts 53 with swivel joints 54a and 54b.

In FIG. 13 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical round reinforced concrete strut with a horizontal spacer with an elastic hinge, where: 55 is a vertical reinforced concrete strut with a metal fixed formwork (pipe) 56, inside of which there is a metal frame made of reinforcing steel bars 57, poured with concrete 58; outside, a metal plate 59 is welded to the pipe 56, to which a horizontal spacer 62 is fastened with its elastic joint 61 with welded seams 60a and 60b.

In FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of the inventive mast of high height, when, to increase the vertical stability of the mast, lateral extensions are installed at several levels of height, where: 63a-63g vertical posts; 64 - the upper working platform, on which lateral extensions 65a-65g are fixed; 66 - an intermediate platform on which lateral extensions 67a-67g are fixed.

Before starting a review of the operation of the claimed mast, we note some features of its installation and transportation. As mentioned above, mast sections with swivel joints 16 (see Fig. 4), after assembly at the factory, can be folded into a more compact state, packaged and sent to the installation site. Sections with elastic hinges 11 (see. Fig. 3), on the contrary, during transportation do not allow excessive effort.

After delivery to the installation site, the mast sections are connected using docking nodes, for example, such as 50a and 50b (see Fig. 11). After that, the mast is installed on the base in any known manner, for example, using a winch: http://forca.ru/knigi/oborudovanie/mehanizmy-i-prisposobleniya-dlya-vozdushnyh-liniy-35-kv-i-vyshe-10. html

The installed product is fixed with side braces 8a-8g (see Fig. 1) in a vertical position. With a high product height, lateral extensions 65a-65g and 67a-67g are installed at several levels - sites 64 and 66 (see Fig. 14). On the upper working platform 4 (or 64) place the equipment and orient it in the right direction. For definiteness, we assume that a video camera with a vertical angle of 1 ° is installed on the mast.

Consider the behavior of the claimed mast in windy weather. The mast is subject to a wind load. Because of what, mast extensions are deformed and the upper working platform is shifted. However, due to the fact that the entire mast is assembled from rectangular shapes, at the tops of which there are hinges, the displacement of the platform will lead to the transformation of a rectangular stand, for example, formed by uprights 1a, 16 and transverse horizontal struts 2a (see Fig. 1), into parallelograms . In this case, the opposite sides of all parallelograms will remain parallel to each other, that is, they will simply retain their original direction, which they received at the time of installation of the mast.

Thus, the video camera located on site 4 will strictly preserve the direction of its vision. And this, despite the fact that the upper platform itself, along with the video camera, will shift by a noticeable distance. Taking into account that usually the field of view of the camera (the size of the territory that enters the frame at a distance of 10 km) is about 100 m, then shifting the camera relative to it to the side even by a meter will not impede the operator’s work. The field of view will shift exactly as much as the camcorder itself has moved (platform 4), that is, 1 m.

For experimental verification of the inventive mast on a 3-D printer, two masts of masts of the same cross-section (6 × 6 cm) and height (90 cm) were made of plastic. The first of these was a mast-mast of a traditional design with rigid connections between mast elements and triangular shapes between posts and struts, horizontal and diagonal, and the second - of the claimed design. A video camera was mounted on top of them. The wind load was simulated using a rope, acting on the tops of the masts. In both cases, the force on the masts was chosen so that their upper platforms shifted equally. The mast-mast of a traditional design under the action of the rope bent like a “solid body” and the original image completely disappeared from the field of view of the camera. The inventive mast under load retained a given orientation, which allowed to save on the monitor screen the original image throughout the experiment. The slight jitter of the image that was present during the experiment (no more than 1%) was explained by the disproportionality of the overall dimensions of the installed video camera and mast.

Thus, the claimed mast fully confirmed its ability to stabilize a strictly specified direction and, having weight and size indicators close to the traditional design of the mast-farm, it allowed to significantly expand its functionality without resorting to expensive and metal-intensive structures.

Claims (11)

1. The mast with a stabilized upper working platform, including the upper working platform, vertical struts, horizontal struts articulated with vertical struts, and side extensions connected to the base, characterized in that the mast consists of two pairs of vertical struts, both racks of each pair are pivotally connected by identical horizontal spacers, and the pairs of vertical racks, in turn, are interconnected by either pivotally mounted pairs of identical additional horizons lnyh spacers or pads, hinged on a horizontal braces pairs of vertical posts, while the uppermost mast platform is the platform. 2. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the swivel joints are used as swivel joints. 3. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that elastic joints are used as hinged joints. 4. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical posts are made of a metal pipe of rectangular cross section. 5. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical posts are made of a metal pipe of circular cross section. 6. The mast under item 1, characterized in that the vertical racks are made of channel. 7. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the uprights are made of an I-beam. 8. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical mast posts are made of welded metal trusses. 9. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast is made of several successive vertical sections of the same type, each vertical column of which is equipped with a connecting element. 10. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast posts are made of reinforced concrete. 11. The mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral extensions are installed at several levels of mast height.

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