RU2650568C1

RU2650568C1 - Method of producing nutrient soils based on mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge (options)

Info

Publication number: RU2650568C1
Application number: RU2017113955A
Authority: RU
Inventors: Андрей Викторович Земсков
Original assignee: ООО "СтройИнвестТопаз"; Долгих Василий Васильевич
Priority date: 2017-04-21
Filing date: 2017-04-21
Publication date: 2018-04-16

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to agriculture. Technology of the method consists in preparing an active mixture from the adsorbent and inert material, mixing the active mixture and mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge and drying the mixture to a humidity of 0–20 %. To meet the technical requirements for nutrient soils, clay additives are added to the mixture depending on the cation exchange capacity of the inert material. In various process variants, a reagent is added to the active mixture from the humates, dilution of the mixture with an inert material is carried out before and after drying.

EFFECT: inventions allow to reduce the hazard class of neutralized sewage sludge and to shorten the preparation time of the nutrient soil.

25 cl, 10 dwg

Description

Описание изобретенияDescription of the invention

Изобретение относится к способам переработки осадков сточных вод с целью их последующей утилизации, в частности, путем получения на их основе питательных грунтов.The invention relates to methods for processing sewage sludge with a view to their subsequent disposal, in particular, by obtaining nutritious soils on their basis.

По удобрительной ценности осадки сточных вод не уступают подстилочному навозу и являются источником органоминеральных веществ с широким спектром питательных элементов. Полученные на их основе питательные грунты могут быть использованы для восстановления плодородия почвы и повышения урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур.In terms of fertilizer value, sewage sludge is not inferior to litter manure and is a source of organomineral substances with a wide range of nutrients. The nutrient soils obtained on their basis can be used to restore soil fertility and increase crop yields.

Известно, что непереработанный осадок сточных вод по своей токсичности относится к 4-му классу опасности, а органическое вещество осадка сточных вод находится в форме, малоусвояемой растениями в первый год применения. Это требует разработки способов переработки осадков сточных вод.It is known that untreated sewage sludge in its toxicity belongs to the 4th hazard class, and the organic matter of sewage sludge is in a form poorly digestible by plants in the first year of use. This requires the development of methods for processing sewage sludge.

Известен способ переработки осадков сточных вод (SU 1225832 A1, 23.04.1986), включающий смешение осадков сточных вод со связующей добавкой, гранулирование и последующую сушку полученных гранул, причем в качестве связующей добавки применяют аммонизированный торф влажностью 45-60% в количестве 10-20% от массы удобрений, а гранулы сушат до влажности 8-16%. Недостатком является то, что торф мало эффективен для сорбции ионов тяжелых металлов, а гуматы, входящие в состав торфа, при технологической обработке снижают свою эффективность, что не позволяет снизить класс опасности переработанных осадков сточных вод.A known method of processing wastewater sludge (SU 1225832 A1, 04/23/1986), including mixing wastewater sludge with a binder, granulation and subsequent drying of the obtained granules, and ammonized peat with a humidity of 45-60% in an amount of 10-20 is used as a binder. % by weight of fertilizers, and the granules are dried to a moisture content of 8-16%. The disadvantage is that peat is not very effective for sorption of heavy metal ions, and the humates that make up peat during processing reduce their effectiveness, which does not allow to reduce the hazard class of processed sewage sludge.

Известен способ переработки осадков сточных вод (RU 2293070 C1, 10.02.2007), включающий смешивание осушенных осадков сточных вод с песком из песколовок и обеззараживание посредством перемешивания с обеззараживающим и обезвреживающим реагентом, в качестве которого используют комплексный порошковый реагент следующего состава: глина 40-60 мас. %, известь 20-40 мас. %, цемент 5-40 мас. %, комплексообразователь, выбранный из ряда: смесь оксидов металлов, зола, дробленый шлак, доломитовая мука, молотый известняк 5-10 мас. %. Недостатком этого способа является низкая сорбционная активность используемого реагента по отношению к ионам тяжелых металлов.A known method of processing sewage sludge (RU 2293070 C1, 02/10/2007), including mixing dried sewage sludge with sand from sand traps and disinfection by mixing with a disinfecting and neutralizing reagent, which is used as a complex powder reagent of the following composition: clay 40-60 wt. %, lime 20-40 wt. %, cement 5-40 wt. %, a complexing agent selected from the series: a mixture of metal oxides, ash, crushed slag, dolomite flour, ground limestone 5-10 wt. % The disadvantage of this method is the low sorption activity of the reagent used in relation to heavy metal ions.

Известен способ производства экологически чистого искусственного грунта и песка с использованием осадка сточных вод (KR 100967837 В1, 05.07.2010), в котором перемешивание осуществляется в три этапа: на первом этапе перемешивания изготавливается отвердитель путем смешивания обожженной доломитовой муки с шламом бумажной золы, на втором этапе перемешивания изготавливается ускоритель отверждения путем смешивания порошка карбоната кальция с кислым обезвоженным осадком, на третьем этапе смешиваются осадок сточных вод с отвердителем и ускорителем отверждения с получением искусственного земли. Недостатком этого способа является то, что полученный грунт при снижении класса опасности не является эффективным в качестве питательных грунтов, служащих для восстановления плодородия почвы.A known method for the production of environmentally friendly artificial soil and sand using sewage sludge (KR 100967837 B1, 07/05/2010), in which mixing is carried out in three stages: at the first mixing stage, a hardener is made by mixing the calcined dolomite flour with paper ash sludge, at the second the mixing step produces a curing accelerator by mixing calcium carbonate powder with an acidic dehydrated sludge; in the third stage, the sewage sludge is mixed with a hardener and an accelerator from artificial land curing. The disadvantage of this method is that the resulting soil while reducing the hazard class is not effective as nutrient soils that serve to restore soil fertility.

Известен способ обезвреживания загрязненных осадков (RU 2150437 C1, 10.06.2000) путем внесения в них алюмосиликатов, предварительно гидролизованных до значений pH 9-12. Недостатками такого способа является необходимость гидролизации алюмосиликатов для получения полидисперсной минерально-матричной системы и золь-гелевой фазы, возможность выполнения обеззараживания только в жидкой фазе, а также высокий расход алюмосиликатов (от 1:1 до 1:5 к сухой массе загрязненных осадков).A known method of neutralizing contaminated sediments (RU 2150437 C1, 06/10/2000) by introducing aluminosilicates into them, previously hydrolyzed to pH 9-12. The disadvantages of this method are the need for hydrolysis of aluminosilicates to obtain a polydisperse mineral matrix system and a sol-gel phase, the ability to perform disinfection only in the liquid phase, and the high consumption of aluminosilicates (from 1: 1 to 1: 5 to the dry weight of contaminated sediments).

Наиболее близким аналогом разработанных способов можно считать способ переработки осадков сточных вод путем смешения осадков (RU 2508253 C2, 27.02.2014) со связующей добавкой и минеральными компонентами, последующего гранулирования и сушки полученных гранул до влажности 8-16%, отличающийся тем, что используют осадки сточных вод с влажностью 20-40%, предварительно отферментированные в естественных условиях в течение не менее трех месяцев, в качестве связующей добавки применяют гумат натрия в количестве 2-3% от сухой массы осадков, в качестве минеральных компонентов применяют источник азота-карбамид и источник калия-хлористый калий в количестве соответственно 5-7% и 5-6% от сухой массы осадков, а гранулирование осуществляют при температуре 45-95°C. Недостатком такого способа является длительная предварительная ферментация осадков с применением небольшого количества гумата для повышения активности гуминового компонента и повышения степени усвоения питательных веществ растениями из почв.The closest analogue of the developed methods can be considered a method of processing sewage sludge by mixing sludge (RU 2508253 C2, 02.27.2014) with a binder additive and mineral components, subsequent granulation and drying of the obtained granules to a moisture content of 8-16%, characterized in that sludges are used wastewater with a moisture content of 20-40%, pre-fermented under natural conditions for at least three months, sodium bicarbonate is used as a binder in an amount of 2-3% of the dry mass of precipitation, as mineral the components use a source of nitrogen-urea and a source of potassium-potassium chloride in the amount of 5-7% and 5-6%, respectively, of the dry mass of precipitation, and granulation is carried out at a temperature of 45-95 ° C. The disadvantage of this method is the long preliminary fermentation of sediments using a small amount of humate to increase the activity of the humic component and increase the degree of assimilation of nutrients by plants from the soil.

Техническая задача заявляемой группы изобретений состоит в разработке новой технологии обезвреживания механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод и получения на их основе питательных грунтов.The technical task of the claimed group of inventions is to develop a new technology for the treatment of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge and to obtain nutrient-based soils on their basis.

Технический результат, получаемый при реализации разработанных способов, состоит в снижении класса опасности обезвреженных осадков сточных вод и сокращении времени приготовления питательного грунта.The technical result obtained by the implementation of the developed methods consists in reducing the hazard class of neutralized sewage sludge and reducing the preparation time of nutrient soil.

Технология способа по первому варианту раскрыта на фиг. 1 и состоит в выполнении следующих операций:The technology of the method of the first embodiment is disclosed in FIG. 1 and consists in performing the following operations:

- проводят прием адсорбента (например, акваионита) в количестве не менее 3% от абсолютно сухой массы механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод,- carry out the reception of an adsorbent (for example, aquaionite) in an amount of at least 3% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge,

- выполняют дозирование адсорбента в первый узел смешивания,- perform the dosage of the adsorbent in the first mixing unit,

- проводят прием инертного материала (например, сухого песка) в количестве 15-450% от массы механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод,- carry out the reception of inert material (for example, dry sand) in an amount of 15-450% by weight of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge,

- выполняют обработку каменистых включений инертного материала,- perform the processing of rocky inclusions of inert material,

- выполняют дозирование первого инертного материала в первый узел смешивания,- perform the dosing of the first inert material in the first mixing unit,

- выполняют перемешивание адсорбента и первого инертного материала в первом узле смешивания с получением активной смеси,- perform the mixing of the adsorbent and the first inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain an active mixture,

- выполняют дозирование активной смеси во второй узел смешивания,- perform dosing of the active mixture in the second mixing unit,

- проводят прием механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод,- carry out the reception of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge,

- выполняют дозирование механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод во второй узел смешивания,- perform the dosing of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge to the second mixing unit,

- выполняют перемешивание активной смеси и механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод с получением смеси,- perform the mixing of the active mixture and mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge to obtain a mixture,

- выполняют дозирование смеси в сушильное устройство,- perform dosing of the mixture into a drying device,

- выполняют подсушивание смеси до влажности 0-20%,- carry out the drying of the mixture to a moisture content of 0-20%,

- если емкость катионного обмена инертного материала менее 15 мг-экв/100 г, то:- if the cation exchange capacity of the inert material is less than 15 mEq / 100 g, then:

а) выполняют дозирование смеси в третий узел смешивания,a) perform dosing of the mixture in the third mixing unit,

б) проводят прием глинистых добавок в количестве до 450% от массы инертного материала,b) they take clay additives in an amount up to 450% by weight of inert material,

в) выполняют дозирование глинистых добавок в третий узел смешивания,C) perform the dosage of clay additives in the third mixing unit,

г) выполняют перемешивание в третьем узле смешивания с получением питательного грунта.g) perform mixing in the third mixing unit to obtain nutrient soil.

Далее питательный грунт поступает на склад, откуда осуществляется его отгрузка.Further, the nutrient soil enters the warehouse, from where it is shipped.

Технология способа по второму варианту раскрыта на фиг. 2 и состоит в выполнении следующих операций:The technology of the method of the second embodiment is disclosed in FIG. 2 and consists in performing the following operations:

- проводят прием первого инертного материала (например, сухого песка) в количестве 15-450% от массы механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод,- carry out the reception of the first inert material (for example, dry sand) in an amount of 15-450% by weight of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge,

- выполняют обработку каменистых включений первого инертного материала,- perform the processing of stony inclusions of the first inert material,

- выполняют дозирование смеси в третий узел смешивания,- perform dosing of the mixture in the third mixing unit,

- проводят прием второго инертного материала (например, влажного песка) в количестве до 450% от массы смеси,- carry out the reception of the second inert material (for example, wet sand) in an amount up to 450% by weight of the mixture,

- выполняют обработку каменистых включений второго инертного материала,- perform the processing of stony inclusions of the second inert material,

- выполняют дозирование второго инертного материала в третий узел смешивания,- perform the dosing of the second inert material in the third mixing unit,

- если общая емкость катионного обмена первого и второго инертных материалов менее 15 мг-экв/100 г, то:- if the total cation exchange capacity of the first and second inert materials is less than 15 mEq / 100 g, then:

а) проводят прием глинистых добавок в количестве до 450% от суммарной массы первого и второго инертных материалов,a) accept clay additives in an amount up to 450% of the total mass of the first and second inert materials,

б) выполняют дозирование глинистых добавок в третий узел смешивания,b) perform the dosing of clay additives in the third mixing unit,

в) выполняют перемешивание в третьем узле смешивания с получением питательного грунта.C) perform mixing in the third mixing unit to obtain nutrient soil.

Технология способа по третьему варианту раскрыта на фиг. 3 и состоит в выполнении следующих операций:The technology of the method of the third embodiment is disclosed in FIG. 3 and consists in performing the following operations:

- выполняют перемешивание активной смеси и механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод с получением первичной смеси,- perform the mixing of the active mixture and mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge to obtain the primary mixture,

- выполняют дозирование первичной смеси в третий узел смешивания,- perform dosing of the primary mixture in the third mixing unit,

- выполняют перемешивание первичной смеси и второго инертного материала с получением вторичной смеси,- perform the mixing of the primary mixture and the second inert material to obtain a secondary mixture,

- выполняют дозирование вторичной смеси в сушильное устройство,- perform dosing of the secondary mixture into the drying device,

- выполняют подсушивание вторичной смеси до влажности 0-20%,- carry out the drying of the secondary mixture to a moisture content of 0-20%,

а) выполняют дозирование вторичной смеси в четвертый узел смешивания,a) perform dosing of the secondary mixture in the fourth mixing unit,

б) проводят прием глинистых добавок в количестве до 450% от суммарной массы первого и второго инертных материалов,b) they take clay additives in an amount up to 450% of the total mass of the first and second inert materials,

в) выполняют дозирование глинистых добавок в четвертый узел смешивания,C) perform the dosage of clay additives in the fourth mixing unit,

г) выполняют перемешивание в четвертом узле смешивания с получением питательного грунта.g) perform mixing in the fourth mixing unit to obtain nutrient soil.

Технология способа по четвертому варианту раскрыта на фиг. 5 и состоит в выполнении следующих операций:The technology of the method of the fourth embodiment is disclosed in FIG. 5 and consists in performing the following operations:

- проводят прием реагента (гуматы) в количестве не менее 0,03% от абсолютно сухой массы механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод,- carry out the reception of the reagent (humates) in an amount of not less than 0.03% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge,

- выполняют приготовление 3% раствора реагента и подачу раствора реагента в первый узел смешивания,- perform the preparation of a 3% reagent solution and the supply of the reagent solution to the first mixing unit,

- выполняют дозирование инертного материала в первый узел смешивания,- perform the dosing of inert material in the first mixing unit,

- выполняют перемешивание адсорбента, раствора реагента и первого инертного материала в первом узле смешивания с получением активной смеси,- perform the mixing of the adsorbent, the reagent solution and the first inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain an active mixture,

Технология способа по пятому варианту раскрыта на фиг. 6 и состоит в выполнении следующих операций:The technology of the method of the fifth embodiment is disclosed in FIG. 6 and consists in performing the following operations:

- выполняют перемешивание адсорбента, раствора реагента и инертного материала в первом узле смешивания с получением активной смеси,- perform the mixing of the adsorbent, the reagent solution and the inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain the active mixture,

Технология способа по шестому варианту раскрыта на фиг. 7 и состоит в выполнении следующих операций:The technology of the method of the sixth embodiment is disclosed in FIG. 7 and consists in performing the following operations:

Обработка каменистых включений инертного материала необходима для сокращения износа деталей узлов смешивания и их нормального функционирования, а также с целью выполнения технических условий [1] на включения камней и других посторонних предметов (размером более 0,5 см - не допускается, размером менее 0,5 см - не более 5%) в питательный грунт и состоит в дроблении каменистых включений, если инертный материал влажный и имеется наличие каменистых включений, или просеивании каменистых включений, если инертный материал сухой и имеется наличие каменистых включений. Порядок определения влажности инертного материала и наличия каменистых включений не существенен и не влияет на достижение технического эффекта (фиг. 9, фиг. 10).Processing of rocky inclusions of inert material is necessary to reduce wear of the parts of the mixing units and their normal functioning, as well as to fulfill the technical conditions [1] for the inclusion of stones and other foreign objects (larger than 0.5 cm - not allowed, less than 0.5 cm - not more than 5%) in the nutrient soil and consists in crushing rocky inclusions if the inert material is wet and rocky inclusions are present, or sifting rocky inclusions if the inert material is dry and there is stone grained inclusions. The procedure for determining the moisture content of an inert material and the presence of stony inclusions is not significant and does not affect the achievement of a technical effect (Fig. 9, Fig. 10).

Перед дозированием в третий узел смешивания (варианты 2, 3, 5 и 6) или в сушильное устройство (все варианты) возможно вылеживание смесей в течение нескольких суток.Before dosing to the third mixing unit (options 2, 3, 5 and 6) or to the drying device (all options) it is possible to cure the mixtures for several days.

Технический результат достигается за счет следующего.The technical result is achieved due to the following.

В вариантах 1, 2 и 3 в первом узле смешивания происходит равномерное перемешивание адсорбента и инертного материала и механическая активация адсорбента с образованием активной смеси.In options 1, 2 and 3, in the first mixing unit, the adsorbent and inert material are uniformly mixed and the adsorbent is mechanically activated to form the active mixture.

В вариантах 4, 5 и 6 помимо адсорбента и инертного материала в активную смесь подмешивается реагент из гуматов, при этом гуматы распределяются преимущественно вокруг частиц адсорбента.In options 4, 5 and 6, in addition to the adsorbent and inert material, a humate reagent is mixed into the active mixture, while humates are distributed mainly around the adsorbent particles.

Во втором узле смешивания выполняется перемешивание механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод с активной смесью в соотношении приблизительно 4:1 по объему, что при таком соотношении объемов позволяет более равномерно распределить адсорбент по объему механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод.In the second mixing unit, the mixing of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge with the active mixture is performed in a ratio of approximately 4: 1 by volume, which with this ratio of volumes allows more uniform distribution of the adsorbent over the volume of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge.

Так как гуматы распределяются преимущественно вокруг частиц адсорбента, часть ионов тяжелых металлов из механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод сначала связываются гуматами, а адсорбируется лишь та часть ионов тяжелых металлов, которая прошла через гуматы. Это позволяет не только увеличить эффективность связывания ионов тяжелых металлов, но и значительно снизить расход адсорбента, стоимость которого превышает стоимость гуматов.Since humates are distributed mainly around adsorbent particles, part of the heavy metal ions from mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge are first bound by humates, and only that part of the heavy metal ions that has passed through the humates is adsorbed. This allows not only to increase the binding efficiency of heavy metal ions, but also significantly reduce the consumption of adsorbent, the cost of which exceeds the cost of humates.

В вариантах 1 и 4 производится термообработка полученной смеси, которая приводит к снижению класса опасности, и дополнительного разбавления инертным материалом не требуется. Дополнительный технический результат в вариантах 1 и 4 состоит в обеспечении однородного состава обезвреженного материала на выходе (отсутствие расслоения) и в снижении пожаровзрывоопасности процесса термообработки.In options 1 and 4, the resulting mixture is heat treated, which reduces the hazard class, and additional dilution with an inert material is not required. An additional technical result in options 1 and 4 is to ensure a uniform composition of the neutralized material at the outlet (no delamination) and to reduce the fire and explosion hazard of the heat treatment process.

В вариантах 2 и 5 производится термообработка смеси, а в третьем узле выполняется смешивание обработанной смеси с инертным материалом с получением на выходе обезвреженного материала. Дополнительный технический результат в вариантах 2 и 5 состоит в обеспечении наибольшего отношения производительности способа к расходу ресурсов (природного газа) на работу теплового оборудования.In options 2 and 5, the mixture is heat-treated, and in the third unit, the treated mixture is mixed with an inert material to obtain neutralized material at the outlet. An additional technical result in options 2 and 5 is to provide the greatest ratio of the productivity of the method to the consumption of resources (natural gas) for the operation of thermal equipment.

В вариантах 3 и 6 в третьем узле выполняется смешивание полученной смеси с инертным материалом, после чего производится термообработка, которая приводит к снижению класса опасности конечной смеси. Дополнительный технический результат в вариантах 3 и 6 состоит в обеспечении однородного состава обезвреженного материала на выходе (отсутствие расслоения) и в снижении пожаровзрывоопасности процесса термообработки.In options 3 and 6, in the third unit, the mixture is mixed with an inert material, after which heat treatment is performed, which reduces the hazard class of the final mixture. An additional technical result in options 3 and 6 is to ensure a uniform composition of the neutralized material at the outlet (no delamination) and to reduce the fire and explosion hazard of the heat treatment process.

Снижение класса опасности смеси в ходе термообработки осуществляется за счет того, что в смеси происходит активированная адсорбция, скорость которой растет экспоненциально с ростом температуры [2]. Лабораторные исследования показывают для обезвреженных с помощью предложенных в изобретении способов механически обезвоженных осадков сточных вод снижение опасности до 5-го класса опасности (практически неопасные).The hazard class of the mixture is reduced during heat treatment due to the fact that activated adsorption occurs in the mixture, the rate of which increases exponentially with increasing temperature [2]. Laboratory studies show a reduction in danger to hazard class 5 (practically non-hazardous) for those rendered harmless using the methods of the mechanically dehydrated wastewater sludge proposed in the invention.

Внесение глинистых добавок во всех вариантах выполняется при общей емкости катионного обмена инертного материала менее 15 мг-экв/100 г, с целью выполнения технических условий [1] на емкость катионного обмена питательного грунта (не менее 15 мг-экв/100 г).The introduction of clay additives in all cases is performed with a total cation exchange capacity of inert material of less than 15 mEq / 100 g, in order to fulfill the technical conditions [1] for the cation exchange capacity of nutrient soil (at least 15 mEq / 100 g).

Технология способа, объединяющего в себе технологии вариантов 2 и 3, показана на фиг. 4, а технология способа, объединяющего в себе технологии вариантов 5 и 6, показана на фиг.8. Такое объединение позволяет как обеспечить однородный состав обезвреженного материала на выходе (отсутствие расслоения) и снизить пожаровзрывоопасность процесса термообработки, так и обеспечить большее отношение производительности способа к расходу ресурсов (природного газа) на работу теплового оборудования.The technology of the method, combining the technologies of options 2 and 3, is shown in FIG. 4, and the technology of the method, combining the technologies of options 5 and 6, is shown in Fig. 8. Such a combination allows both to ensure a homogeneous composition of the neutralized material at the outlet (absence of separation) and to reduce the fire and explosion hazard of the heat treatment process, and to provide a greater ratio of the productivity of the method to the consumption of resources (natural gas) for the operation of thermal equipment.

Также на фиг. 1-8 приведены примеры значений величин расхода веществ в каждой операции описанных способов.Also in FIG. 1-8 are examples of values of the consumption of substances in each operation of the described methods.

Список использованных источниковList of sources used

1. ГОСТ Р 53381-2009. Почвы и грунты. Грунты питательные. Технические условия. - М.: Стандартинформ, 2009.1. GOST R 53381-2009. Soils and soils. Nutritious soils. Technical conditions - M .: Standartinform, 2009.

2. Химическая кинетика и катализ. Учебное пособие для вузов / Г.М. Панченков, В.П. Лебедев. - М., Химия, 1985. - 592 с.: ил.2. Chemical kinetics and catalysis. Textbook for universities / G.M. Panchenkov, V.P. Lebedev. - M., Chemistry, 1985 .-- 592 p.: Ill.

Claims

1. A method of producing nutritious soils based on mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, characterized in that the adsorbent is admitted, the adsorbent is dosed into the first mixing unit, the inert material is admitted, the rocky inclusions of inert material are processed, the first inert material is dosed into the first node mixing, mixing the adsorbent and inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain an active mixture, dosing the active mixture in the second mixing mix, receive mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, dispense mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge into the second mixing unit, mix the active mixture and mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge to produce a mixture, dispense the mixture into a drying device, dry the mixture to a moisture content of 0 -20%, if the cation exchange capacity of the inert material is less than 15 mEq / 100 g, then the mixture is dosed into the third mixing unit, clay admixtures are taken, in clay additives are dosed into the third mixing unit, mixing is performed in the third mixing unit to obtain nutrient soil, the adsorbent mass being at least 3% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of inert material is 15-450% of the mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the weight of clay additives is up to 450% of the mass of inert material, and the treatment of rocky inclusions of inert material includes determining the moisture content of inert material terial, determination of the presence of stony inclusions, crushing of stony inclusions if the inert material is wet and the presence of stony inclusions, and sifting of stony inclusions if the inert material is dry and there is stony inclusions.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that dry sand is used as an inert material.

3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the adsorbent use aquaionite.

4. A method of producing nutritious soils based on mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, characterized in that the adsorbent is admitted, the adsorbent is dosed into the first mixing unit, the first inert material is received, the rocky inclusions of the first inert material are processed, and the first inert material is dosed in the first mixing unit, perform the mixing of the adsorbent and the first inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain the active mixture, perform dosing a of the active mixture into the second mixing unit, the reception of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge is carried out, the metering of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge is carried out in the second mixing unit, the active mixture and the mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge are mixed to obtain the mixture, the mixture is dosed into the drying device, the drying is performed the mixture to a moisture content of 0-20%, the mixture is dosed into the third mixing unit, the second inert material is taken, the stony processing is turned on of the second inert material, the second inert material is dosed into the third mixing unit, if the total cation exchange capacity of the first and second inert materials is less than 15 mEq / 100 g, clay admixtures are taken, clay additives are dosed into the third mixing unit, then mixing is performed in the third mixing unit to obtain nutrient soil, the adsorbent mass being at least 3% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of the first inert ma terial is 15-450% by weight of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of the second inert material is up to 450% by weight of the mixture, the weight of clay additives is up to 450% of the total mass of the first and second inert materials, and the treatment of rocky inclusions of inert material includes determining the moisture content of the inert material, determining the presence of stony inclusions, crushing of stony inclusions, if the inert material is wet and there are stony inclusions, and sifting of stony inclusions, if inert material is dry and rocky inclusions are present.

5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that dry sand is used as the first inert material.

6. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that as the second inert material using wet sand.

7. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that as the adsorbent use aquaionite.

8. A method of producing nutritious soils based on mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, characterized in that the adsorbent is admitted, the adsorbent is dosed to the first mixing unit, the first inert material is received, the rocky inclusions of the first inert material are processed, the first inert material is dosed in the first mixing unit, perform the mixing of the adsorbent and the first inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain the active mixture, perform dosing a of the active mixture into the second mixing unit, mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge is received, dosing of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge into the second mixing unit is performed, mixing of the active mixture and mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge to produce the primary mixture, the primary mixture is dosed into the third mixing unit receive the second inert material, process the rocky inclusions of the second inert material, dispense the second inert material ial to the third mixing unit, mixing the primary mixture and the second inert material to obtain a secondary mixture, dosing the secondary mixture into a drying device, drying the secondary mixture to a moisture content of 0-20% if the total cation exchange capacity of the first and second inert materials is less than 15 mEq / 100 g, then the secondary mixture is dosed into the fourth mixing unit, clay additives are admitted, clay additives are dosed into the fourth mixing unit, occurrence in the fourth mixing unit to obtain nutrient soil, the adsorbent mass being at least 3% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of the first inert material is 15-450% of the mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of the second inert material is up to 450% by weight of the primary mixture, the weight of clay additives is up to 450% of the total mass of the first and second inert materials, and the treatment of rocky inclusions of inert material includes edelenie inert material humidity, determining the presence of rocky inclusions crushing stony inclusions if the inert material has a wet and the presence of inclusions stony and rocky inclusions sieving, if dry and inert material has a presence rocky inclusions.

9. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that dry sand is used as the first inert material.

10. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that as the second inert material using wet sand.

11. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that as the adsorbent use aquaionite.

12. A method of producing nutrient soils based on mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, characterized in that the adsorbent is admitted, the adsorbent is dosed to the first mixing unit, the reagent is taken, the reagent solution is prepared and the reagent solution is supplied to the first mixing unit, and the inert is taken material, carry out the processing of rocky inclusions of inert material, perform the inert material dosing in the first mixing unit, perform the mixing of the adsorbent, solution p agent and inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain an active mixture, dosing the active mixture in the second mixing unit, receiving mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, performing dosing of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge into the second mixing unit, mixing the active mixture and mechanically dehydrated sludge waste water to obtain a mixture, the mixture is dosed into a drying device, the mixture is dried to a moisture content of 0-20%, if the cation exchange capacity of inert material less than 15 mEq / 100 g, then the secondary mixture is dosed into the third mixing unit, clay additives are admitted, clay additives are dosed into the third mixing unit, mixing is performed in the third mixing unit to obtain nutrient soil, the adsorbent mass being not less than 3% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the weight of the reagent is not less than 0.03% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, inert mate the amount of clay is 15-450% of the mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the weight of clay additives is up to 450% of the mass of inert material, and the treatment of rocky inclusions of inert material includes determining the moisture content of inert material, determining the presence of rocky inclusions, crushing of rocky inclusions, if the inert material is wet and there are stony inclusions, and sifting of stony inclusions if the inert material is dry and there is stony inclusions.

13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that dry sand is used as an inert material.

14. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that as the adsorbent use aquaionite.

15. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the humate is used as the reagent.

16. A method of producing nutritious soils based on mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, characterized in that the adsorbent is admitted, the adsorbent is dosed to the first mixing unit, the reagent is taken, the reagent solution is prepared and the reagent solution is supplied to the first mixing unit, the first is taken inert material, processing the rocky inclusions of the first inert material, dosing the first inert material into the first mixing unit, performing mixing e of the adsorbent, the reagent solution and the first inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain an active mixture, the active mixture is dosed into the second mixing unit, mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge is received, the mechanical dehydrated sewage sludge is dosed into the second mixing unit, the active is mixed mixtures and mechanically dehydrated wastewater sludges to obtain a mixture, batch the mixture into a drying device, dry the mixture to a moisture content of 0-2 0%, the mixture is dosed into the third mixing unit, the second inert material is received, the rocky inclusions of the second inert material are processed, the second inert material is dosed into the third mixing unit if the total cation exchange capacity of the first and second inert materials is less than 15 mEq / 100 g, clay admixtures are taken, clay additives are dosed into the third mixing unit, then mixing is performed in the third mixing unit to obtain nutritious soil, the adsorbent mass is at least 3% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the reagent mass is at least 0.03% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of the first inert material is 15-450% of the mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of the second inert material is up to 450% by weight of the mixture, the weight of clay additives is up to 450% of the total mass of the first and second inert materials, and the treatment of rocky inclusions of inert ma Methods and material includes determining the humidity of the inert material, determining the presence of rocky inclusions crushing stony inclusions if the inert material has a wet and the presence of inclusions stony and rocky inclusions sieving, if dry and inert material has a presence rocky inclusions.

17. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that as the first inert material using dry sand.

18. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that as the second inert material using wet sand.

19. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that as the adsorbent use aquaionite.

20. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that as the reagent using humates.

21. A method of producing nutritious soils based on mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, characterized in that the adsorbent is admitted, the adsorbent is dosed to the first mixing unit, the reagent is taken, the reagent solution is prepared and the reagent solution is supplied to the first mixing unit, the first is taken inert material, processing the rocky inclusions of the first inert material, dosing the first inert material into the first mixing unit, performing mixing e of the adsorbent, the reagent solution and the first inert material in the first mixing unit to obtain an active mixture, the active mixture is dosed into the second mixing unit, mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge is received, the mechanical dehydrated sewage sludge is dosed into the second mixing unit, the active is mixed mixtures and mechanically dehydrated wastewater sludges to obtain a primary mixture, the dosing of the primary mixture is performed in the third mixing unit, the second is received of inert material, the processing of rocky inclusions of the second inert material is performed, the second inert material is dosed into the third mixing unit, the primary mixture and the second inert material are mixed, the secondary mixture is dosed, the secondary mixture is dosed into the drying device, the secondary mixture is dried to a moisture content of 0- 20%, if the total cation exchange capacity of the first and second inert materials is less than 15 mEq / 100 g, then the secondary mixture is dosed in the fourth knot ate mixing, accept clay additives, dispense clay additives in the fourth mixing unit, perform mixing in the fourth mixing node to obtain nutrient soil, the adsorbent mass being at least 3% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the reagent mass is not less than 0.03% of the absolutely dry mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, the mass of the first inert material is 15-450% of the mass of mechanically dehydrated sewage sludge, ma The mass of the second inert material is up to 450% by weight of the primary mixture, the weight of clay additives is up to 450% of the total mass of the first and second inert materials, and the treatment of rocky inclusions of inert material includes determining the moisture content of inert material, determining the presence of rocky inclusions, crushing of rocky inclusions if the inert material is wet and there is stony inclusions, and sifting of stony inclusions if the inert material is dry and there is stony inclusions.

22. The method according to p. 21, characterized in that as the first inert material using dry sand.

23. The method according to p. 21, characterized in that as the second inert material using wet sand.

24. The method according to p. 21, characterized in that as the adsorbent use aquaionite.

25. The method according to p. 21, characterized in that as a reagent using humates.