RU2650344C2 - Method of communication - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: quantum physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of communication using quantum entanglement. Proposed method of communication consists in irradiating two spatially separated thermoluminescent crystals, containing electronically centered color centers that are mechanically entangled between them, on the transmitting and receiving sides with photons of coherent monochromatic light. After providing a difference in the photon frequency of the coherent monochromatic light between the transmitting and receiving sides, the difference in the frequency of the secondary waves emitted by quantum mechanically entangled electronic color centers from the photon frequency of coherent monochromatic light on the indicated sides is determined, while the secondary waves from the said light are extracted, and then their duration is measured, according to the transmitted binary symbols "1" or "0".

EFFECT: technical result achieved from the implementation of the claimed invention is to expand the arsenal of devices of the same purpose, namely, transmission and reception of information over a distance based on quantum correlation.

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Description

The invention relates to a communication method using quantum entanglement. In the present invention, optical effects known from physics and experimentally confirmed phenomena of quantum nonlocality of entangled states are used.

The practical implementation of this communication method involves performing operations known in optical systems and can be carried out using known functional elements.

An object of the present invention is to transmit and receive information over a distance based on quantum correlation.

This problem is solved in a communication method that involves irradiating at the transmitting and receiving side with photons of coherent monochromatic light two spatially separated thermoluminescent crystals containing quantum mechanically entangled electronic color centers between them, the difference in the photon frequency of coherent monochromatic light between the transmitting and receiving sides sets the frequency difference of secondary waves emitted by quantum-mechanically entangled electronic color centers, from the photon frequency coherently of monochromatic light on said sides, wherein said secondary wave of light is isolated and then measured. The thermoluminescent crystal on the receiving side is irradiated with the aforementioned light in a continuous mode, and on the transmitting side in a pulsed mode. In addition, secondary waves are isolated on the receiving side, and measured in accordance with the duration of the mentioned pulses.

In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen wrote an article [1] in which they questioned the truth of the concept of entanglement, which follows from the theory, and suggested the existence of “hidden variables” to explain entanglement. In 1962, J. S. Bell mathematically showed [2] that experiments could show the truth of the predictions of quantum mechanics, which was subsequently repeatedly confirmed by experiments [3, 4].

An experiment is known [5] with two spatially separated TLD crystals (crystals for thermoluminescent dosimetry) located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana (USA) and Givarlet (France) at a distance of 8182 km. TLD crystals were simultaneously and simultaneously irradiated with x-rays in order to create entangled traps (electronic color centers) in adjacent crystals. One of these crystals was then sent to Baton Rouge, and his intricate partner remained in Zhivarle. The crystal located in Baton Rouge was heated in accordance with the temperature of another crystal entangled with the first one, which was measured by a photomultiplier in Givarlet and was equal to the ambient temperature. By virtue of quantum correlations of entangled states of the electrons of the color centers, signals were obtained when the temperature increased and then decreased, due to the shutdown of the heating device in Baton Rouge. The moment when the maximum temperature TLD was reached in Baton Rouge exactly corresponded to the moment of the maximum correlation of the signal of the photomultiplier tube recorded in Givarle. It was found experimentally that light of low intensity does not cause decoherence, which can destroy bonds (quantum correlation) between entangled electronic color centers, since TLD crystals, jointly irradiated several months before the described experiment, generated an intense response. This experiment is a practical manifestation of the entanglement phenomenon in quantum mechanics:

- Two particles are called entangled when they are emitted simultaneously and have a common wave function, for example, photons emitted by a nucleus or electron, and the photons temporarily interfere with each other. Such particles are quantum correlated, interconnected, so that interaction with one of them is immediately “felt” by an intricate partner.

- Entanglement between two particles (photons) can be switched to two other particles (electrons).

- Entangled particles, such as electrons, can be "stored" in ionic or impurity traps (color centers) and remain isolated from the influence of decoherence from the environment of the traps for significant periods of time.

Color centers are impurity atoms and ions (traps, defects) that capture an electron or hole, as a result of which the absorption band of the substance and its color change. Initially, the term "color centers" refers only to the so-called F-centers, discovered for the first time in the 30s. 20 century in alkali metal halide crystals and representing anionic vacancies that capture an electron. Further, color centers began to be understood as any point defects absorbing light outside the region of intrinsic absorption — cationic and anion vacancies, interstitial ions, and also impurity atoms and ions that captured an electron and therefore are called electronic color centers. Color centers are found in many inorganic crystals and glasses, as well as in natural minerals [6].

In the framework of the microscopic approach (Lorentz theory) for light, there is a polarization of electrically elastic displacement. In the process of forced (under the influence of an incident light wave) oscillations of electrons with the frequency of the driving force, the dipole electric moments of atoms periodically change, the frequency of which is also equal to the driving force. Under the influence of this force (optical, valence), the electrons of the atoms of the substance make forced harmonic oscillations (oscillate) with the frequency of the incident wave, emitting secondary waves (light) with the same parameters [7].

The drawing shows one of the possible schemes illustrating the principle of practical implementation of the proposed communication method.

In FIG. 1 shows the transmitting side, and in FIG. 2 - receiving side having computing devices (computers), power sources, encoders and decoders of information and its display in a user-friendly form (not shown). The transmitting and receiving sides include: low power semiconductor lasers 1, 2, differing in the photon frequency of the light emitted by them and installed in front of the thermoluminescent crystals 3, 4. Photodetectors 5, 6 located behind the crystals 3, 4, and also installed between the crystals 3, 4 and photodetectors 5, 6, light filters 7, 8. Arrows 9, 10 show the direction of propagation of light emitted by lasers 1, 2, and arrows 11, 12 show secondary waves. For the formation of quantum mechanically entangled electronic color centers, crystals 3 and 4 are preliminarily, simultaneously and co-irradiated with quantum mechanically entangled x-ray or gamma quanta from the corresponding sources.

An example of the implementation principle of the proposed communication method

The laser 2 of the receiving side (Fig. 2) emits light 10 in a continuous mode with any specific photon frequency. This light 10, arriving at crystal 4, causes in it the polarization of the electrically elastic displacement of the electrons of the electronic color centers, quantum mechanically entangled with the electronic color centers of the crystal 3. In the process of forced (under the influence of an incident light wave) oscillations of electrons with the frequency of the driving force, periodically the dipole electric moments of the color centers change, the frequency of which is also equal to the frequency of the driving force, emitting as a result of this secondary waves (light) 10 with the same parameters. The light 10, leaving the crystal 4, enters the light filter 8, which does not pass it to the photodetector 6. Thus, there are no signals from the photodetector 6. If the laser 1 of the transmitting side (Fig. 1) emits a short 9 light pulse, which corresponds to a transmitted binary symbol, for example, "1", or a longer 9 light pulse, which corresponds, for example, to a transmitted binary symbol "0", then under photons of this light 9 in a crystal 3 there will be a polarization of the electrically elastic displacement of the electrons of the color centers. Since the frequency of the photons of light 9 emitted by the laser 1 is different from the frequency of the photons of light 10 emitted by the laser 2, there will be a difference between the frequency of the dipole electric moments of the entangled electronic color centers in the crystal 3 and the photons of light 9, just as there will be a difference between the frequency of the vibrations dipole electric moments of entangled electronic color centers in crystal 4 and light photons 10. This is explained by the fact that the entangled electronic color centers between crystals 3 and 4 are described by a single ln function, i.e. Are “rigidly” correlated, the velocities of the electrically elastic displacement of their electrons, by virtue of the laws of quantum mechanics, cannot be independent of each other. Consequently, the secondary waves 11 emitted by the electronic color centers in crystal 3 will differ in frequency from light photons 9, and the secondary waves 12 emitted by electronic color centers in the crystal 4 will differ in frequency from the photons of light 10 emitted by lasers 1 and 2. Secondary waves 12 , together with the light 10, exit the crystal 4, while the light 10 is delayed by the filter 8, which does not pass it to the photodetector 6, and the secondary waves 12, on the contrary, freely pass through the filter 8 to the photodetector 6, for subsequent measurement Ia processing time of their emission, which depends on the duration of the light pulse 9, wherein the encoded transmitted binary symbol "1" or "0".

If the transmitting side (Fig. 1) and the receiving side (Fig. 2) are interchanged, then the logic of the above implementation principle of the proposed communication method will not change.

Information sources

[1] Einstein A., Podolsky B., Rosen N., “Sap Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?”, Phys. Rev. 47, 777, 1935.

[2] Bell J.S., “Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics)), New York, Cambridge University Press, 1993.

des

de Bell par mesure de

de polarisation de photons», Doctoral Dissertation,

Paris-Orsay, 1er

1983.[3] Aspect A., “Trois tests

des

de bell par mesure de

de polarization de photons ", Doctoral Dissertation,

Paris-Orsay, 1er

1983.

[4] Jennewein Th., Weihs G., Jian-Wei Pan, Zeilinger A. Experimental Nonlocality Proof of Quantum Teleportation and Entanglement Swapping // Physical Review Letters, 2002, vol. 88; Bowen W.P., Lam P.K., Ralph T.C. Biased EPR Entanglement and Its Application to Teleportation // Journal of Modern Optics, 2002 \ accepted \.

[5] (quant-ph / 0611109). Intercontinental quantum liaisons between entangled electrons in ion traps of thermoluminescent crystals. Robert Desbrandes (Louisiana State University) and Daniel L. Van Gent (Oklahoma State University). Endorser: Professor Robert O'Connell (Louisiana State University).

[6] USSR Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch Institute of Geochemistry Academician A.P. Vinogradova. A.I. Nepomnyashchikh, E.A. Rljabov, A.V. Egranov. "Color centers and luminescence of LiF crystals." Executive Editor Dr. Phys. sciences, prof. I.A. Narfianovich. Publishing house "SCIENCE", Siberian branch, Novosibirsk. 1984.

[7] St. Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics. M.N. Libenson, E.B. Yakovlev, G.D. Shandybina "Interaction of laser radiation with matter." St. Petersburg, 2005.

Claims (1)

A communication method comprising irradiating on the transmitting and receiving side with photons of coherent monochromatic light of two spatially separated thermoluminescent crystals containing quantum mechanically entangled electronic color centers between them, characterized in that the receiving side is irradiated with coherent monochromatic light in a continuous mode, and on the transmitting side - in a pulse, with the duration of each pulse corresponding to the binary symbol "1" or "0", and the difference in the photon frequency of the coher The monochromatic light between the transmitting and receiving sides sets the difference between the frequency of the secondary waves emitted by quantum mechanically entangled electronic color centers and the frequency of the photons of coherent monochromatic light on these sides, while on the receiving side the secondary waves are separated from the said light, and then, depending from the duration of the mentioned pulses, according to the transmitted binary symbols "1" or "0", measure their duration.

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