RU2647520C2 - Special fortification structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: underground special fortification consists of a mine entrance to communicate with day surface and united with him the main concrete premises containing the autonomic power plant, refrigeration machine air conditioning system special fortification constructions related to the coolant circuit chiller with pump, tank and fuel line fuel electric power plant to the autonomous tank with air and artery supply of air as an oxidizer in autonomous power plant. The building is equipped with reinforced concrete tank for storing liquefied natural gas used as fuel in full isolation, gas piston power plant as an autonomous power plant heat exchanger-evaporator related to air conditioning system with heat and closed loop circulating pump, cryogenic Stirling machine with an electric motor that is associated with the gas tank full with liquefied natural gas line pumping vapours and line drain liquefied natural gas. Tank with liquefied natural gas with vacuum-free thermal insulation, is located outside the main premises and associated with it reinforced concrete technological postern for lines with a natural gas tank line refills liquefied natural gas, passing in the mine entrance and line with a cryogenic pump for feeding liquefied natural gas power plant to gas piston power plant, passing through the heat exchanger-evaporator.

EFFECT: decrease in the electric power consumption of the refrigeration machine when operating in full isolation mode, increase explosion and fire safety during storage of liquefied natural gas in a special fortification.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of special fortifications and energy systems of objects that operate without communication with the atmosphere, for example, special fortifications.

It is known to construct special fortifications (SPS), which are built deep underground to accommodate command posts, communication centers, fixed launch sites for missiles, shelters for critical military equipment and ammunition, medical facilities, etc. Special fortifications can be multi-story and include: main premises, entrance galleries with strong entrance heads equipped with security doors or gates, ventilation and technological openings with security devices tions. The main part of the construction of the SPS is the lining of underground workings. It is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, which makes it possible to vary within wide limits its thickness (and therefore strength) and ensures the stability of the structure from collapse when exposed to weapons (Levykin V.I. Fortification: past and present. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1987. - p. 101).

It is known that the internal equipment of special fortifications includes technological systems (communications, electronic devices) and technical systems: filter ventilation, heating, lighting, air conditioning, autonomous power supply, cold supply, water supply, sewage, etc. (V. Levykin. Fortification: past and present. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1987. - P. 102).

It is known that special fortifications in peacetime and wartime operate in various modes: in everyday mode and in full isolation, respectively. In full isolation mode, special fortifications operate under conditions of using only internal reserves, without supplying air from the atmosphere to the structure and without power supply from an external network, which suggests the need for an early supply of fuel components (fuel and oxidizer) for an autonomous energy supply system (G. Lapshin Special fortifications and their complexes. Textbook for foreign cadets of military universities of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher Cola, 2012. - page 8)..

It is known that liquefied natural gas is considered as a promising liquid fuel for various types of power plants, and the boiling point of liquefied natural gases corresponds to a temperature of -162 ° C (113K) (Oil and Gas Vertical. / Anal. Journal No. 9 - 10 (24-25), M., 1998, p. 123). However, in most cases, the refrigeration potential of liquefied natural gas is not used for its gasification.

A device of a power plant is known for generating electric energy for objects operating without any connection with the atmosphere (for example, submarines), which includes an engine, tanks with cryogenic fuel — liquefied natural gas, and cryogenic oxidizing agent — liquid oxygen (cryogenic liquids), which are components fuel for the engine (RF Patent No. 2187680, publ. 08/20/2002). However, this technical solution cannot be applied to underground special fortifications, since the latter require the storage of liquefied natural gas underground, which is not provided for by the design of this technical solution.

It is known that due to external heat inflows in tanks with cryogenic liquids, vapor is formed (vapor of liquefied gases), the amount of which depends on many factors: the shape of the tanks; types of insulation, etc. (RB Scott. The technique of low temperatures. Translation under the editorship of prof. MP Malkov, M .: Publishing House of Foreign Literature, 1962, p. 250). However, the release of vapor outside the liquefied gas storage tank results in either the loss of a valuable product or environmental pollution.

It is known that various cycles are used for gas liquefaction, for example, with throttling or expander, however, in the cryogenic temperature range, the most highly efficient cycle is a cycle with a refrigeration machine operating according to the reverse Sterling cycle. The efficiency of cryogenic Stirling machines is almost 2 times higher compared to other plants used for gas liquefaction (Usyukin IP Plants, machines and apparatuses of cryogenic technology. M: Light and food industry, 1982, pp. 185-186).

A device is known for the long-term storage of liquefied natural gas (cryogenic liquid), containing a container for storing liquefied natural gas, a cryogenic Stirling machine with a built-in condenser, through which a line for removing the liquefied natural gas vapor from the gas cavity of the cryogenic tank passes and is discharged into the cryogenic tank after condensation in the capacitor of a cryogenic Stirling machine. This ensures long-term drainage-free (lossless) storage of liquefied natural gas (RF Patent No. 2162580, publ. January 27, 2001).

A device of an underground special fortification structure is known in which communication with the day surface is carried out along a vertical shaft adjacent to the wall of the structure. Such entrances are called machine mine entrances (G. Lapshin. Special fortifications and their complexes. A manual for foreign cadets of military universities of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher School, 2012. - Pp. 95-96).

It is known that during the operation of a special fortification structure in full isolation mode, during the operation of an autonomous (diesel-electric) station, electric motors, compressors, burning of electric lamps, during the operation of technological equipment, electronic computers, etc. in fortifications, a large amount of heat is released. The removal of heat from people and equipment is carried out by air treatment in the air conditioning system (central air conditioner) through the use of cold produced by the refrigeration machine. A significant part of the energy generated by an autonomous (diesel-electric) station is used to operate the chiller (G. Lapshin. Special fortifications and their complexes. A manual for foreign cadets of military schools of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher school, 2012. - Pages 77-79).

A device of an underground special fortification structure made of reinforced concrete and having a connection with the day surface of a mine entrance containing an autonomous power station, a refrigeration machine, an air conditioning system of a special fortification structure associated with a refrigeration machine with a coolant circuit with a pump, a fuel tank, and a fuel supply line to an autonomous a power plant, an air tank, and an air supply line as an oxidizing agent to an autonomous power plant (Lap Shin GA Special fortifications and their complexes. A manual for foreign cadets of military universities of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher School, 2012. - pp. 83-84). However, in this technical solution, diesel fuel is used as fuel for an autonomous power station in the full isolation mode, which cannot be used to cool the air of a special fortification structure in the full isolation mode and to reduce the power consumption of the refrigeration machine.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to reduce the electric power consumed by the refrigeration machine when operating in full isolation mode by using the refrigeration potential of liquefied natural gas to cool air inside a special fortification structure, as well as increasing the explosion and fire safety during storage liquefied natural gas in a special fortification.

To achieve this technical result, an underground special fortification structure consisting of a mine entrance for communication with the day surface and the main reinforced concrete building connected to it, containing an autonomous power station, a refrigeration machine, an air conditioning system of a special fortification structure, connected to the refrigeration machine with a coolant circuit with a pump, a tank with fuel and a line for supplying fuel to an autonomous power station, a tank with air and a line the air supply as an oxidizing agent to an autonomous power station is equipped with a reinforced concrete tank for storing liquefied natural gas used as fuel in full isolation mode, a gas piston power plant as an autonomous power station, and a heat exchanger-evaporator connected to the air conditioning system by a closed circuit with a coolant and circulation pump, a cryogenic Stirling machine connected to the gas cavity of a liquefied natural gas tank by steam and liquefied natural gas drain line, while the liquefied natural gas tank is made with vacuum-free heat insulation, is located outside the main room and is connected with it with a process loss for laying natural gas lines, the tank is equipped with a liquefied natural gas filling line passing in the shaft cavity inlet, and a line with a cryogenic pump for supplying liquefied natural gas to a gas piston power plant passing through a heat exchanger-evaporator.

Introduction to the structure of a special fortification construction of a reinforced concrete tank for storing liquefied natural gas, located outside the main building and associated with it technological waste for laying highways with natural gas, a gas piston power plant as a stand-alone power plant, a heat exchanger-evaporator associated with a closed-circuit air conditioning system with a coolant and a circulation pump, a cryogenic Stirling machine associated with the gas cavity p tank with liquefied natural gas, a vapor pumping line and a liquefied natural gas discharge line, a line with a cryogenic pump for supplying liquefied natural gas to a gas reciprocating power plant passing through a heat exchanger-evaporator, and also using liquefied natural gas as fuel for a gas piston power plant in complete isolation, allows to obtain a new property, which consists in using the refrigeration potential of cryogenic fuel (liquefied natural gas) for cooling the air inside a special fortification structure in an air conditioning system, which reduces the power consumed by the chiller during the operation of a special structure in full isolation mode, as well as increases explosion and fire safety when storing liquefied natural gas in a special fortification structure due to placing the specified reservoir outside the main room of a special fortification structure.

In FIG. 1 shows an underground special fortification structure.

The underground special fortification structure includes a mine entrance 1, for communication with the day surface, a main reinforced concrete building 2 connected to it and a reinforced concrete tank for storing liquefied natural gas 3, located outside building 2. A tank for storing liquefied natural gas 3 and the main structure 2 are connected by technological loss 4. Inside the main room 2 are located a gas piston power plant 5, a refrigeration machine 6, an air conditioning system 7, connected I have a refrigeration machine 6 with a coolant circuit 8 with a pump 9, and a tank (cylinders) with air 10 with an air supply line 11 as an oxidizer in a power plant 5.

The main room 2 also has a heat exchanger-evaporator 12 connected to the air conditioning system 7 by a closed circuit with a coolant 13 and a circulation pump 14, a cryogenic Stirling machine 15, connected to the gas cavity 16 of the reservoir with liquefied natural gas 3, the vapor pumping line 17 and the drain line liquefied natural gas 18, while the tank with liquefied natural gas 3 is made with vacuum-free thermal insulation, for example, with a layer of polyurethane foam 19.

The liquefied natural gas tank is equipped with a liquefied natural gas refueling line 20 passing in the cavity of the mine inlet 1, and a line 21 with a cryogenic pump 22 for supplying the liquefied natural gas to the gas piston power plant 5 passing through the heat exchanger-evaporator 12.

The cryogenic Stirling machine 15 has an electric drive 23. Highways 17, 18, 20 and 21, connecting the reservoir for storing liquefied natural gas 3 and the main room 2, pass inside the reinforced concrete technological pattern 4, connecting the tank 3 and the main room 2.

Underground special fortification works as follows.

Inside the tank 3, the required amount of liquefied natural gas is stored in advance. To do this, in the daily routine of operation along the refueling line of liquefied natural gas 20, passing in the cavity of the mine inlet 1 from transport tanks (not shown in the figure), liquefied natural gas is poured into the tank 3 in the required amount 3. In the tank (cylinders) with air 10 air is stored in advance (for example, compressed air at a pressure of 200 atmospheres).

To reduce heat inflow from the surrounding soil located around the tank 3, the tank with liquefied natural gas 3 is made with vacuum-free thermal insulation, for example, with a layer of polyurethane foam 19.

In the daily operation mode of a special fortification structure to exclude losses of liquefied natural gas due to heat influx to the reservoir 3, the cryogenic Stirling machine 15 is periodically turned on by supplying electricity to the electric drive 23 from an external power supply network (not shown in Fig.). Vapors of liquefied natural gas are sucked from the gas cavity 16 of the tank 3 along the vapor pumping line 17 to the cryogenic Stirling machine 15, where they are cooled and liquefied, and then gravity drained along the liquefied natural gas discharge line 18. The cryogenic Stirling machine 15 has an electric motor 23 and operates only in daily operation of an underground special fortification structure.

In the daily operation of a special fortification structure, all life support systems and technological equipment are powered by power from an external centralized network.

In daily operation, thermostating of the main room 2 of a special fortification structure is ensured by the operation of the refrigeration machine 6 and the air conditioning system 7 connected through it through the coolant circuit 8 with pump 9.

When a potential adversary uses high-precision weapons, external power supply and atmospheric air supply through the cavity of the mine entrance 1 to the main room 2 of the underground special fortification structure 1 can be stopped due to external damage. In this case, the underground special fortification structure begins to work in full isolation mode (without communication with atmospheric air) due to the stocks of material media (primarily fuel) stored in advance inside the main room 2 of the special fortification structure and the reservoir with liquefied natural gas 3.

In the full isolation mode, the power supply of the technological equipment located inside the main room 2 is ensured by the operation of the gas-piston power plant 5. For the normal operation of the gas-piston power plant 5 via the liquefied natural gas supply line 21, the pump 22 provides the liquefied natural gas to the heat exchanger-evaporator 12, where it gasified and in a gaseous state is supplied as fuel to a gas piston power plant 5. To ensure operation You gas-powered power plant 5 from the reservoir (cylinders) with air 10 through the air line 11 air is supplied as an oxidizer to the power plant 5.

Highways 17, 18, 20 and 21, connecting the reservoir for storing liquefied natural gas 3, and the main room 2 pass inside the reinforced concrete technological pattern 4, connecting the tank 3 and the main room 2.

In full isolation mode, thermostating of the main room 2 of a special fortification structure is ensured, in part, by the operation of the refrigerating machine 6 and the air conditioning system 7 connected through it to the heat carrier 8 with the pump 9 and, partly, due to the refrigeration potential of the liquefied natural gas, which is transmitted in the heat exchanger -evaporator 12 of the air conditioning system 7 through the coolant circuit 13 with the pump 14.

In this case, the warm coolant from the circuit 13 through the pump 14 passes through the heat exchanger-evaporator 12 and gives its heat (through the heat exchange surface) to the liquefied natural gas passing through line 21, as a result, the coolant is cooled and cold enters the air conditioning system 7.

Under certain conditions (room volumes, etc.), using the refrigeration potential of liquefied natural gas, you can completely abandon the operation of the refrigeration machine 6.

Information sources

1. Levykin V.I. Fortification: past and present. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987. - Page 101.

2. Levykin V.I. Fortification: past and present. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987. - Page 102.

3. Lapshin G.A. Special fortifications and their complexes. A manual for foreign students of military universities of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher School, 2012. - Page 8.

4. Oil and gas vertical. / Anal. Journal No. 9 - 10 (24-25), M., 1998, p. 123.

5. RF patent No. 2187680, publ. 08/20/2002.

6.R.B. Scott. Low temperature technique. Translation Ed. prof. M.P. Malkova, Moscow: Izd. foreign letter., 1962, p. 250.

7. Usyukin I.P. Installations, machines and apparatuses of cryogenic equipment. M .: Light and food industry, 1982, pp. 185-186.

8. RF patent No. 2162580, publ. 01/27/2001.

9. Lapshin G.A. Special fortifications and their complexes. A manual for foreign students of military universities of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher School, 2012. - Page 95-96.

10. Lapshin G.A. Special fortifications and their complexes. A manual for foreign students of military universities of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher School, 2012. - Page 77-79.

11. Lapshin G.A. Special fortifications and their complexes. A manual for foreign students of military universities of construction specialties. 1st ed., VI (IT) -SPb. Higher School, 2012. - Page 83-84. - prototype.

Claims (1)

An underground special fortification structure, consisting of a mine entrance for communication with the day surface and the main reinforced concrete room connected to it, containing an autonomous power station, a refrigerating machine, an air conditioning system of a special fortification building, connected to the refrigerating machine with a coolant circuit with a pump, a fuel tank and a main supplying fuel to an autonomous power station, a tank with air and an air supply line as an oxidizing agent in an autonomous power plant, characterized in that it is equipped with a reinforced concrete tank for storing liquefied natural gas, used as fuel in full isolation mode, a gas piston power plant as a stand-alone power plant, a heat exchanger-evaporator connected to the closed-circuit air conditioning system with a coolant and a circulation pump, a cryogenic Stirling machine with an electric motor connected to the gas cavity of a liquefied natural gas tank vapor and a liquefied natural gas drain line, while the liquefied natural gas tank is made with vacuum-free heat insulation, is located outside the main room and is connected with a reinforced concrete process for laying natural gas pipelines, the tank is equipped with a liquefied natural gas refueling line passing in the cavity shaft entrance, and a line with a cryogenic pump for supplying liquefied natural gas to a gas piston power plant passing through an ispa heat exchanger rer.

Images