RU2646052C1 - Filter unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fishing and fish breeding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fish breeding, namely to devices for water treatment in water reservoirs. Filter unit contains a filter screen with a protective perforated sheet located with a clearance above the filter screen. Filter screen with a protective perforated sheet is installed in the internal cavity of the housing with a clearance above its flat inclined bottom with the formation of a receiving cavity of deposition. There is a catch water collector in the lower part of the inclined housing, and there is a reservoir for water to be purified in the upper part, they are hydraulically connected to the underscreen receiving cavity through culverts. Culvert in the upper part of the housing is located under the filter screen, and the culvert at the bottom of the housing is above the protective perforated sheet. Above the surface of the protective perforated sheet a longitudinal inclined guide rod is installed, on which a distribution manifold with a possibility of longitudinal displacement is placed. Distribution manifold is connected to a catch water collector, with injectors fixed to it and inclined to the surface of the filter screen.

EFFECT: improved quality of water treatment and reduction of the volume of washing water are provided.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fish farming and can also be used in reservoirs for various purposes to improve the quality of water by cleaning it from fine suspensions.

A device for cleaning water from suspended particles, including a housing with an inclined bottom and a perforated sheet mounted above it, channels for supplying clarified water, drainage of clarified water and precipitated sludge (RU, U1, No. 62032, 2007).

The known solution does not provide the necessary degree of water purification and is characterized by significant material consumption.

A device for the deposition of suspended particles, including a chamber for separating suspended particles, a container for collecting clarified water, a channel for the discharge of deposited sludge (RU, U1, No. 151047, 2015).

The disadvantages of the known solutions are the design complexity and low efficiency of water treatment.

Closest to the claimed invention is a water intake fish filter containing a water intake chamber with installed filter bags, a supply line and a drainage channel (RU, C1, No. 2313634, 2007).

The disadvantages of the known solutions are significant labor costs for washing the filters, as well as the need to use a large amount of washing water. In addition, this filter is not intended to purify water from fine suspended particles, but serves only to prevent juvenile fish from entering the water intake. The nozzles installed on it are designed to scare away and discard juvenile fish from filter elements, and not to clean them. Available in the prototype nozzle is stationary and can not provide cleaning of the filter surface. Moreover, the automation of filter cleaning in the prototype is not even provided. In contrast to the proposed filter unit in the prototype there is no feedback between the degree of contamination of the filter element and the hydraulic pressure, while in the considered filter unit this connection is present, which allows to extend the filter cycle and reduce the cost of washing water.

The claimed invention is aimed at improving the quality of water treatment and reducing the volume of flushing water.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a filter installation comprising a filter screen with a protective perforated sheet located with a gap above the filter screen, installed in the inner cavity of the housing with a gap above its flat inclined bottom with the formation of the receiving deposition cavity, is located in the lower part of the inclined housing a drainage collector, and in the upper part - a reservoir for purified water, hydraulically connected to the under-suction receiving cavity through culverts, The culvert in the upper part of the casing is located under the filter screen, and the culvert in the lower part of the casing is located above the protective perforated sheet, a longitudinal inclined guide rod is installed above the surface of the protective perforated sheet, on which the distributor connected to the drainage collector is placed with the possibility of longitudinal movement , with nozzles mounted on it and inclined to the surface of the filter mesh.

The guide rod is installed at an angle to the horizon, providing movement of the distribution manifold with nozzles to the catchment under the influence of gravitational forces.

The lower part of the inclined body is hydraulically connected to the body of water to be treated by means of a drain line with a valve that closes it; a float switch is installed in the tank for water to be cleaned, which is connected with a valve of the drain line and also with a shut-off valve of the drain line of polluted water to the receiving tank.

The nozzle nozzles are oriented towards the catchment.

The drainage collector is hydraulically connected to the reservoir of treated water.

Culverts are slotted.

Since the claimed installation is characterized by significant features that distinguish it from the closest analogue, it satisfies the condition of "novelty."

The claimed invention is based on the known laws of the material world, which allows us to assert that the invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability"

Since the prior art does not know the implementation of a water purification device with an original design of washing the filter mesh, which allows to simplify this process, as well as the possibility of the process in an automated mode, the claimed invention meets the patentability condition "inventive step".

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the installation, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

The installation comprises a box-shaped housing 1 with a flat inclined bottom 2, in the inner cavity of which with a gap relative to the inclined bottom 2 a filter mesh 3 is placed in a metal frame (not shown) with the formation of a receiving deposition cavity 4 into which the water to be treated enters. Above the filter screen 3, a protective perforated sheet of aluminum 5 is installed.

Mesh 3 is made of stainless materials and can be quickly replaced when worn.

In the upper part of the housing 1, a receiving tank 6 for purified water is installed, and in the lower part there is a drainage collector 7 for water purified from suspensions and impurities. Tanks 6 and 7 are hydraulically connected to the receiving cavity 4 by means of slotted culverts 8 and 9, respectively. Window 8 in the upper part of the housing 1 is located under the filter screen 3, and window 9 in the lower part of the housing 1 is above the filter screen 3.

The drainage collector 7 with purified water through a pipeline 10 is hydraulically connected to a reservoir (fish tank) 11.

Above the surface of the filter mesh 3 and the protective perforated sheet 5 with the possibility of moving along its surface and parallel to it is installed with the possibility of free movement of the guide inclined longitudinal rod 12 with a sliding distribution manifold 13 and nozzles mounted on it. By means of a flexible hose, the collector is connected to the submersible pump 14.

The nozzle nozzles on the manifold 13 are installed at an angle to the surface of the protective sheet and filter mesh 3 and are oriented towards the drainage collector 7.

The length of the distribution manifold 13 with nozzles is determined by the width of the filter mesh 3.

In the lower part of the inclined body 1, a drainage pipe is installed, which is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to a reservoir (fish tank) 11, and the other to a sludge trap 15. Control magnetic valves 16 and 17 are installed on these branches of the pipeline.

To switch the filter from the operating mode to the cleaning mode, a level sensor 18 is installed in the receiving tank 6, which is connected through the controller to a pump 19 installed in the fish tank 11 and a magnetic valve 16 of the branch of the drainage pipe connecting the drainage collector 7 to the purified water with fish farm 11.

At the upper point of the longitudinal rod 12, an end relay 20 is installed, which supplies a control signal to the pump 14 in the drainage collector 7. In the intake manifold 7, a float level sensor 21 is installed, which responds to a drop in the water level.

The device operates as follows.

Work mode

The contaminated water from the reservoir (fish tank) 11 is pumped through a pipeline 19 to a receiving tank 6, from where it enters the space 4 between the bottom of the housing 2 and the filter screen 3 through a slotted culvert port 8. Due to the hydraulic pressure created by the elevation, the water passes through a filter mesh 3 with cells of 40-80 microns, on which sedimentation and retention of suspended particles in contaminated water is carried out. The purified water enters the drainage collector 7, from where it flows by gravity through the overflow hole and then the pipeline 10 by gravity returns to the fish tank 11.

Initially, the water is filtered through the lower part of the grid 3, and then, as the cells of the grid become sludged, its upper sections come into operation until the entire surface of the grid 3 is covered from the inside with suspended particles of suspension.

Filter Cleaning Mode

As a result of the increase in the hydraulic resistance of the grid, the water level in the receiving tank 6 rises, which ultimately leads to the actuation of the float switch 18, which through the control controller (not shown) turns off the pump 19 and opens the magnetic valve 16, as a result of which water from the space 4 between the bottom of the tank 1 and the filter net 3 returns to the reservoir (fish tank) 11. In this case, the retained particles that pollute the water remain on the inner surface of the filter net 3.

The discharge of water from space 4 is carried out to accelerate the cleaning process of the filter mesh 3.

Draining water from space 4 leads to a drop in the water level in the receiving collector of purified water 7 and triggering of the float level sensor 21. According to this signal, the controller closes valve 16 and opens valve 17, while simultaneously turning on pump 14. This pump delivers purified water to the manifold 13 with nozzles which wash the net 3 from above. Since water jets from the nozzles are directed at an angle to the horizon, a jet thrust arises that moves the collector with nozzles along the inclined rod 12 along the net 3. Passing over the net 3 over its entire area, The ode flushes the impurities trapped by the mesh into space 4. Through an open valve 17, the sludge enters the sludge trap 15, from where it is then disposed of. When the collector 13 with nozzles reaches the upper end of the longitudinal rod 12, the end relay 20 is activated, which disconnects the pump 14 through the controller for 3-7 seconds, as a result of which, under the influence of gravitational forces, the collector 13 with nozzles, sliding down the rod 12, returns to the lower position. Next, the cleaning cycle of the grid using nozzles is repeated. The number of flushing cycles depends on the degree of contamination of the water with suspended particles and can be adjusted.

The movement of the collector 13 to the lower position is achieved when the angle of inclination of the longitudinal rod 12 to the horizon, equal to 10-25 °.

After the completion of the set number of cleaning cycles of the grid, the valve 17 is closed by the controller command, the pump 14 is turned off, the pump 19 is turned on and the water treatment process is resumed.

Suspensions falling into the space 4 between the bottom 2 of the tank 1 and the filter screen 3, as well as those detained by the screen itself, are not subject to subsequent grinding, since remain on the bottom surface of the grid 3. The process of colmatization of the cells of the grid 3 during operation improves the degree of water purification.

Since the wash liquid is used cyclically, only when washing the net, the total flow of wash water is reduced.

Claims (6)

1. A filter installation comprising a filter screen with a protective perforated sheet located with a gap above the filter screen, installed in the inner cavity of the housing with a gap above its flat inclined bottom to form a receiving deposition cavity, a drainage collector is placed in the lower part of the inclined housing, and in the upper part parts - a tank for purified water, hydraulically connected to the under-suction receiving cavity by means of culverts, while a culvert in the upper part of the housing laid under the filter screen, and the culvert in the lower part of the casing is above the protective perforated sheet, a longitudinal inclined guide rod is installed above the surface of the protective perforated sheet, on which the distribution manifold connected with the drainage collector with nozzles fixed on it is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement and inclined to the surface of the filter mesh. 2. The filter installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide rod is installed at an angle to the horizontal, which ensures the movement of the distribution manifold with nozzles to the catchment under the influence of gravitational forces. 3. The filter installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the inclined body is hydraulically connected to the reservoir with the water to be purified by means of a drain line with a valve that closes it, a float switch connected to the valve of the drain line is installed in the tank for water to be cleaned, and with a shut-off valve on the drainage line of contaminated water to the receiving tank. 4. The filter unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle nozzles are oriented towards the catchment. 5. The filter unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the catchment collector is hydraulically connected to the body of water to be treated. 6. The filter installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the culverts are slotted.

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