JP3656101B2 - River water intake equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a water intake device for taking water from a river for drinking, industrial use, aquaculture, etc., and can prevent contamination of foreign matter such as gravel into the taken-in water, and maintenance of a water intake The water intake cost can be reduced by eliminating the need for water.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional water intake device for taking water from a river for drinking water or aquaculture pond has a schematic structure shown in FIG. 8, and a water intake weir 1 having a height of 1 to 1.5 m is provided. 1. A gate valve 3 is provided at the upstream intake of 1, and water taken from this intake is led to a sand basin 2 where mud, gravel, fallen leaves, wood chips, sand, etc. are removed. It is.
However, a lot of fallen leaves are mixed in the river water in the season with many fallen leaves and the snowmelt. Then, it flows into the sand basin, sinks and accumulates in the sand basin. In the rainy season and typhoon season, the river flows violently with gravel, sand, and wood chips, so the tendency becomes stronger. For this reason, in the conventional water intake device, it is necessary to periodically clean the sand basin, and the construction cost of the incorporated water treatment device, the treatment cost of the incorporated water, and the maintenance cost of the intake device are increased. There's a problem.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention reduces the maintenance cost of the water intake device and fundamentally improves the structure of the water intake device so that foreign matter such as gravel, sand, fallen leaves, and wood chips can be reliably prevented from flowing from the water intake port. It is to be an issue.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The means taken for solving the above-described problems is constituted by the following elements (a) to (d).
(B) A water receiving groove parallel to the dam was provided on the downstream side wall side of the dam,
(B) The upper portion of the water receiving groove was covered with a filter inclined at a slope of 5 to 45 degrees downstream from the upper end of the dam,
(C) A porous air tube is disposed in the water receiving groove along the longitudinal direction of the water receiving groove, and this is connected to a pressure air source via a valve;
(D) A water intake pipe is provided in the water receiving groove.
[0005]
[Action]
The river flows over the top of the dam and flows down to the downstream with a parabola, but the filter is arranged at an inclination of 5 to 45 degrees from the top of the dam to the downstream, The water flow is captured by the filter and flows over the filter while sliding on it. For this purpose, the top of the dam is overcome, and a part of the water flow captured by the filter passes through the filter and falls into the water receiving groove.
Gravel, fallen leaves, sand, etc. that have passed over the weir along with the water flow pass on the filter, so that they do not enter the water receiving groove, and therefore do not settle or accumulate in the water receiving groove.
If the slope of the filter is too small, the rate of water passing through the filter will be high, so the water intake efficiency is high, but the momentum of the water that slides on the filter is weak, so gravel, fallen leaves, sand, etc. stop on the filter and clog it. On the contrary, if the slope is too large, the flow of water that slides on the filter is strong, so clogging of the filter due to gravel, fallen leaves, sand, etc. is reduced, but the percentage of water that passes through the filter is small As a result, water intake efficiency decreases.
The width of the water intake device depends on the amount of water in the river, the required water intake, etc., but if the amount of water intake per unit area of the filter is small, increase the slope and If it is necessary to increase the amount of water intake, reduce the slope. However, from the viewpoint of clogging of the filter and the water intake efficiency per unit area of the filter, a range smaller than 5 degrees and larger than 45 degrees is not practical. The water filtered by the filter and dropped into the water receiving groove is taken into the water intake from the water receiving groove.
When the filter becomes clogged significantly and the water intake efficiency decreases, the water level in the water receiving groove decreases, the flow velocity in the water intake pipe decreases, and the water intake flow rate decreases. At this time, after the motor-operated valve is closed and the flow of water is stopped, the electromagnetic valve connected to the porous air pipe is opened, pressure air is sent to the porous air pipe, and blown out from the air hole of the porous air pipe toward the filter. Let Since this air is blown upward from the lower surface of the filter, clogged gravel, fallen leaves, sand and the like are blown away and are flushed with water to clean the filter. Thereafter, the electromagnetic valve is closed and the supply of air is stopped. Next, the motor-operated valve is opened and water intake is started. Therefore, water intake efficiency is restored. A constant water intake efficiency is maintained by performing this cleaning at predetermined intervals.
In addition, for a long time, it is inevitable that fine sand or the like accumulates on the bottom of the water receiving groove, and if it is necessary to clean it, it is necessary to open the drain outlet at the bottom of the water receiving groove to remove the filter. Naturally washed away by water falling from the mesh. Therefore, the cost for cleaning the water receiving groove is almost zero.
[0006]
Embodiment 1
The high-pressure air source in the solution is composed of a compressor and an accumulator.
[0007]
[Action]
Since the compressed air can be stored in the accumulator, the required amount of high-pressure air can be supplied to the air pipe, and the capacity of the compressor can be small, so that the equipment cost can be reduced.
[0008]
Embodiment 2
A flow meter and a turbidity meter were provided in the water intake pipe in the solution, and a valve control device responding to the flow signal from the flow meter and the turbidity signal from the turbidity meter was provided.
[0009]
[Action]
When the filter is clogged, the flow rate taken in from the water intake pipe decreases, and by detecting the decrease in the water amount with a flow meter, the timing of cleaning the filter by blowing high-pressure air from the porous air pipe is detected. Can do.
When the flow rate by the flow meter falls below the reference value, the valve controller is activated by the flow rate signal, the air valve is opened, and high-pressure air is automatically supplied to the perforated air tube, and the filter is automatically cleaned. To be done.
In addition, when the river becomes cloudy due to rain, thawed water, or the like, the turbidity of the water intake becomes large. Therefore, when the turbidity of the water intake is detected by a turbidimeter and exceeds the reference value, the valve control device is actuated by the turbidity signal, the motorized valve is closed, and the water intake is automatically stopped.
As described above, since the cleaning operation of the filter is automatically performed when necessary, and more turbid water does not enter, the operation cost of the water intake device of the present invention is low.
[0010]
Embodiment 3
An air guide for directing the blown air toward the filter is provided in the porous air tube in the solution.
[0011]
[Action]
Since the high-speed air flow blown out from the air holes of the porous air tube is guided toward the filter by the air guide, the cleaning efficiency of the filter by the high-speed air flow is improved.
[0012]
Embodiment 4
The porous air pipe in the solving means is disposed at the bottom of the water receiving groove.
[0013]
[Action]
By arranging the porous air tube at the bottom of the water receiving groove, the porous air tube is in a state of being submerged under the water surface of the water receiving groove. Therefore, since the water in the water receiving groove is blown toward the filter together with the high-speed air flow by the high-speed air flow blown toward the filter from the porous air tube, the filter is cleaned extremely efficiently.
[0014]
【Example】
Next, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is an example in which a water receiving groove 11 is attached to the upper end of a dam 10 having a river width of 3 m.
A water receiving groove 11 is provided by attaching a concrete structure having an L-shaped cross section to a wall surface on the downstream side of a dam with a height of 1.5 m. A small wire mesh filter 12 is passed between the upper end of the dam 10 and the upper end of the side wall 11 a of the water receiving groove 11 to cover the water receiving groove 11. The inclination of the filter 12 is 20 degrees.
The flow direction width of the water receiving groove 11 varies depending on the flow velocity of water flowing through the upper end of the dam and the amount of water intake, but the inner method (groove width) of the groove is appropriately 50 cm to 100 cm. In this embodiment, the inner method is 50 cm. ing. The depth of the water receiving groove 11 depends on the connection position of the intake pipe 18 (height from the groove bottom) and the diameter of the pipe, but the intake pipe 18 should be 10 to 15 cm below the water surface. . In this embodiment, since the pipe diameter of the intake pipe 18 is 15 cm, the depth of the groove is 25 cm.
The support structure of the filter 12 is as shown in FIG. 2. A grating 13 is passed over the water receiving groove 11, a porous steel plate 14 is stretched over the grating 13, and the filter 12 is stretched over the porous steel plate 14. Yes. The wire mesh forming the filter 12 has a wire diameter of 0.3 mm to 5.0 mm and a gap between the wires of 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm.
A porous air pipe 15 having an outer diameter of 8 cm is arranged along the downstream side wall surface of the dam 10 at the bottom of the water receiving groove 11, and a large number of small holes (air holes) 15 a facing the filter 12 are provided on the porous air pipe 15. is there. Further, an air guide 16 is provided for directing a high-speed air flow blown out from the small hole 15a toward the filter 12. The air guide 16 is configured by arranging a large number of flat plates facing the filter 12, and the interval and the height thereof depend on the depth of the water receiving groove 11, but the upper end of the flat plate is several times higher than the water surface. What is necessary is just to make it locate below cm or more. By the high-speed air flow blown out by this, the water in the water receiving groove 11 is caught and blown to the filter.
Further, the height of the riverbed upstream of the dam 10 is made substantially the same as the upper end of the dam 10, and the upper layer of the riverbed is a gravel layer 17. As a result, the flow of water upstream of the dam 10 is adjusted, and the flow at the upper end of the dam becomes layered, and the disturbance of the water flow flowing on the filter can be reduced.
The intake pipe 18 is provided with a flow meter 20, an electromagnetic valve or electric valve 21, and a turbidity meter 19, and the porous air pipe 15 is provided with an accumulator (air tank) 23 via an electromagnetic valve or electric valve 22. . The accumulator 23 has a pressure of 3 to 10 kg / cm ² and a capacity of 1 m ^{3 to} 10 m ³ , and a small compressor 24 is connected to the accumulator 23.
[0015]
Since the flow rate signal from the flow meter 20 is transmitted, when this flow rate falls below the reference value, the valve controller 25 closes the electromagnetic valve or the motor operated valve 21 of the water intake pipe 18 in response to this and stops water intake. After the flow of water is stopped, the electromagnetic valve or electric valve 22 of the other porous air tube 15 is opened, and high pressure air is supplied from the accumulator 23 to the porous air tube 15. As a result, high-pressure air is blown out from the large number of small holes (air holes) 15 a toward the filter 12. The high-pressure air blowing time may be 10 seconds to 45 seconds, and this time is controlled by a timer in the valve control device 25. When the predetermined time is reached, the valve control device 25 automatically causes the electromagnetic valve or the motor operated valve 22 to be automatically turned on. It is closed, the high-pressure air blowing is stopped, the electromagnetic valve or motor-operated valve 21 is opened, and water intake is started. Since the high pressure air blowing time can be freely adjusted by adjusting the timer setting, it may be appropriately adjusted according to the actual cleaning condition of the filter 12.
[0016]
The second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is suitable for taking a large amount of water from a river having a relatively large amount of water. A wall 33 is provided on a concrete floor 32 placed on the downstream side of the dam 31, and the dam is A wide water receiving groove 34 is configured by the 31, the concrete floor 32, and the wall 33. In this embodiment, the width of the water receiving groove is 100 cm. For this reason, it is difficult to clean the entire surface of the filter with a high-speed air flow blown from one porous air tube. In this embodiment, two porous air tubes 35 and 35 are arranged.
When two porous air pipes 35, 35 are connected to one accumulator and high pressure air is blown from the two porous air pipes 35, 35 at the same time, the two porous air pipes 35, 35 are connected. The distribution of the high-pressure air is a problem, and it is necessary to distribute the high-pressure air to the two porous air pipes 35 and 35 by the flow rate distribution valve. In this case, since the high-speed air flow blown out from the porous air pipe 35 closer to the dam 31 has a long distance to reach the filter 12, the distribution amount of the high-pressure air to the porous air pipe 35 is changed to the water receiving groove. It is necessary to increase the number of porous air pipes 35 closer to the wall 33 of 34. In this way, the speed of the high-speed air flow blown out from both the porous air pipes 35 and 35 is made substantially the same on the lower surface of the filter 12. In Example 2, the amount of high-pressure air used is large, so that the capacity of the accumulator 23 needs to match that.
However, when both porous air pipes are selectively connected to the accumulator by a valve, there is no problem of the high-pressure air distribution as described above.
In other respects, the embodiment of FIG. 6 is not different from the embodiment of FIG.
As the filter, a stainless steel thin plate with a lot of fine holes, a lot of fine slits long in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction, or a thin wire rod with a fine gap (for example, 0.3 to 3). 0.0 mm) and arranged closely in the flow direction is desirable for smoothing the water flow on the filter. Also, dust and foreign matter are less likely to enter when they are arranged at right angles to the flow. However, from the viewpoint of reducing the construction cost, a commercially available wire mesh is desirable.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the construction cost of the water intake device of the present invention is lower than that of a conventional water intake device, and the riverbed on the upstream side of the dam does not rise due to sedimentation and does not interfere with water intake. For a long time, it is possible to demonstrate a predetermined water intake capacity, open the weir, lower the water level upstream of the weir, or close the intake gate valve to clean the sand basin. There is no need to stop water intake over time.
Since clogging of the filter can be automatically cleaned in a short time using high-pressure air, the water intake efficiency can be maintained almost constant throughout the year, and the maintenance cost of the water intake device requires little manual labor. Therefore, its cost is extremely low.
Moreover, gravel, sand, and fallen leaves are hardly mixed in the taken-in water, so that the processing device for the taken-in water can be simplified, and the processing cost for the taken-in water can be reduced.
Furthermore, the water intake device is a water receiving groove and a filter, a porous air pipe, an accumulator, and a compressor attached to the downstream side of the dam. However, since the filter, the porous air pipe, the accumulator, the compressor, etc. are industrial products, they are relatively inexpensive. Moreover, since a sand basin is not required unlike the conventional water intake apparatus, the construction cost is not different from the conventional water intake apparatus.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the filter of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the first embodiment.
4 is a plan view of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a control system according to the first embodiment.
6 is a side view of Example 2. FIG.
7 is a plan view of Example 2. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a conventional water intake device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Intake weir 2 ... Sand basin 3 ... Gate valve 11, 34 ... Water receiving groove 11a ... Side wall 12 ... Filter 15, 35 ... Porous air pipe 16 ... Air guide 17 ... Gravel layer 18 ... Intake pipe 19 ... Turbidimeter 20 ... Flow meter 21, 22 ... Solenoid valve or motorized valve 23 ... Accumulator 24 ... Compressor 25 ..Valve control device 31 ... Dam 32 ... Concrete floor 33 ... Wall

Claims (5)

A water receiving groove parallel to the dam is provided on the downstream side wall side of the dam,
Cover the upper portion of the water receiving groove with a filter inclined at a slope of 5 to 45 degrees downstream from the upper end of the dam,
A porous air tube is disposed in the water receiving groove along the longitudinal direction of the water receiving groove, and this is connected to a pressure air source via a valve,
A water intake device for a river in which a water intake pipe is provided in the water receiving groove. The river intake apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure air source is composed of a compressor and an accumulator. The river water intake device according to claim 1, wherein a flow meter and a turbidity meter are provided in the intake pipe, and a valve control device that responds to a flow rate signal from the flow meter and a turbidity signal from the turbidimeter is provided. The river water intake device according to claim 1, wherein an air guide is provided in the porous air pipe to direct the blown air toward the filter. The river water intake device according to claim 1, wherein the porous air pipe is disposed at the bottom of the water receiving groove.

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