RU2645390C1 - Aggregate for cleaning waters from bottom sediments and extraction of minerals from water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of hydromechanical cleaning of reservoirs from bottom sediments, and also for the extraction of minerals from under water (bottom ooze, placer gold) and the extraction of bulk materials (sand, gravel). Unit contains a device for transporting bottom sediments anchored on a floating device, consisting of a cylinder connected to the column, to which a filter is attached, which excludes the ingress of large stones into the device, a V-shaped knife fixed to the cylinder from the side opposite to the direction of movement of the unit, and a screw. In this case, the screw is installed in the cylinder and connected to the rod string. Screw is given a rotational motion. And the device for transportation of bottom sediments is fixed on the boat through the mechanism of setting the depth of penetration into the ground, made in the form of a pair of screw-nut. Screw is connected to the drive, which ensures its rotational motion. Filter is made in form of a frame crate.

EFFECT: technical effect: an increase in the flowability of cobble minerals, sufficient for their steady (uniform) lifting by a screw, and punching wet ground all along the route, as well as increase in unit productivity and reduction in energy costs.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for use in cleaning water bodies from bottom sediments (silt) and in the extraction of minerals from under water (sapropel), as well as in the underwater extraction of bulk materials (sand, gravel, loose gold). The unit contains a device for transporting bottom sediments fixed to the ship through a mechanism for adjusting the depth of penetration into the ground; a device drive providing rotational movement of the column of rods and auger, a V-shaped knife and a pipeline for supplying the medium to the shore or barge. A device for transporting bottom sediments consists of a cylinder connected to a pipe string installed in the cylinder and connected to a column of auger rods and a grill to prevent large stones from entering the screw.

There is a method of underwater mining using dredger dredgers, where a transportation device in the form of a scoop chain is used (see B.M. Shkundin. Machines for hydromechanization of earthwork / Under the editorship of Epifanov S.P. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1982 ., p. 133-140). The method is ineffective in the extraction of minerals of low density (silt) and has a limited depth of development, and the unit for mining is massive, complicated and expensive.

There is also known a method of transporting rocks using a hydrotransport pipeline, in which small particles of rock forming water suspensions are transported to the required distance. Separation of particles from water occurs in sedimentation tanks located on a ship or land. The method is widely used in dredging projectiles (see B. M. Shkundin. Machines for hydromechanization of earthworks / Under the editorship of Epifanov S.P. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1982, p. 78-133). The disadvantages of this method are: limited functionality (mainly the method is used in the extraction of sand and sapropel); high energy intensity associated with the fact that 99% of the energy is spent on transporting water; large areas occupied by sedimentation tanks, and the duration of the process of separation of water and suspended matter, and therefore, large operating costs.

Also known is a device for cleaning water bodies from silty sediments and sapropel production, described in patent RU 2348762 C1, including a suction pump equipped with a submersible soil pump having a suction pipe connected to the rear wall of the soil sampling device, made in the form of a scraper bucket and installed with the possibility of horizontal movement in which the bucket is equipped with an input mesh-knife, and inside the bucket, in the suction zone in front of the suction pipe, at least one vibrator is placed. Soil is taken by means of a pneumatic pump, which reduces productivity and increases energy consumption.

In devices for cleaning water bodies from deposits, where the working intake is made in the form of a screw or an immersed soil pump, the movement of the pulp occurs due to suction.

According to another principle, the unit works for cleaning water bodies from bottom sediments and extracting minerals from under water (Russian patent No. 2367746), which makes it possible to collect not sediment, but wet sediment, which is pressed throughout the entire route. The unit contains a device for transporting bottom sediments fixed on a ship, consisting of a cylinder connected to the pipe string installed in the cylinder and connected to the rod string of the hollow piston having a channel with a funnel-shaped portion expanding towards the intake end, blocked by a shut-off valve. The vehicle has a drive device for transportation, providing reciprocating movement of the rod string. The unit is equipped with a knife having a V-shape, mounted on the unit from the side opposite to its movement, and serving to cut the soil layer and concentrate it at the fence. At the same time, a filter with brushes and rods is attached to the cylinder, eliminating the ingress of large parts under the valve. The disadvantage of this unit is the low productivity and limited functionality, and therefore the unit is not suitable for cleaning water bodies from bottom sediments and mining from under water. Low productivity is associated with low speeds and the reciprocating movement of the working body.

The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and expand functionality due to the fact that the working body is changed in the transportation device: instead of a hollow piston with a bore, a screw is used, and accordingly, the working movement has changed: instead of a reciprocating, the rotational speed has become, at which the screw collects wet sediment without water, while the soil moves due to punching along the entire route. A small bore in the hollow piston and the valve also reduced performance and limited functionality, especially if there were even small stones in the ground, which the screw can easily handle.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the unit for cleaning ponds from bottom sediments and mining of minerals from under the water contains fixed on a craft through a mechanism for adjusting the depth of penetration into the soil, made in the form of a screw-nut pair, a device for transporting bottom sediments, consisting of connected with a column of cylinder pipes to which a grating is mounted to prevent large stones from falling into the auger, and a V-shaped knife fixed to the cylinder from the side opposite to the direction of its movement, serving for For cutting soil and its concentration at the fence; a screw installed in the cylinder and connected to the column of rods, which is given a rotational movement from the drive at a speed at which the soil is pushed through the entire route.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for cleaning water bodies, and in FIG. 2 - section along aa.

The unit contains fixed to the boat through the mechanism for adjusting the depth of penetration, made in the form of a screw-nut pair, a device for transporting bottom sediments; a device drive providing rotational movement of the rod string, a V-shaped knife and a pipeline for supplying the medium to the shore or barge.

The device for transporting bottom sediments contains a cylinder 2 connected to the pipe string 1, to which a grill 3 and a V-shaped knife 4 are attached, a screw 7 is connected to the drive rod string 5 and the drive 6. The transportation device couples a screw-nut 8 to the steam vessel .

The unit for cleaning water from bottom sediments and mining from under the water works as follows.

With high fluidity (or flowability) of sediments and a significant thickness of the formation, a device for transporting sediment is installed as deep as possible under the level of sediments, and the craft is periodically moved to a new place when the fence of deposits is significantly reduced. In the case when the thickness of the mineral layer is small and they have a high density (caking), the V-shaped knife 4 is buried in the formation by a certain amount by selecting the lengths of the rods 5 and pipes 1, and the depth is fine-tuned using a screw-nut pair 8 with continuous movement of the craft. The cut-off layer having a lower density is concentrated in the center of the V-shaped knife 4, where the intake part of the transport device is located.

An increase in the thickness of the layer of the medium being taken in and an increase in its flowability have a positive effect on the productivity of the unit and the expansion of its functionality. When extracting a number of minerals with low flowability (sapropel), vibrators can be installed on the lower scarf of the V-shaped knife 4, in front of the intake part, to increase the flowability of the mineral. If there are stones and other inclusions in the transported soil that cannot pass through the auger 7 and the outlet pipe, a grate that prevents large stones from entering the auger can be made not in a cylindrical shape, as in FIG. 1a is attached to the front edge of the lower scarf of the V-shaped knife 4 in such a way as to move the stones outside the V-shaped knife.

The transport device operates as follows: when the drive rods 5 are rotated by a drive 6 mounted on the transport device, the screw 7 also starts to rotate, picking up soil. With large fluidity of deposits in a significant thickness of the formation, the soil passing through the grate 3 is captured by the lower part of the screw 7 and begins to move upward, and the vacated area is immediately filled with soil. Thus, continuous removal of deposits occurs.

If low yield deposits are mined, then here, first of all, the depth of the cut layer is experimentally determined, and then the depth of the lower scarf of the knife of the V-shape is set. The adjustment is carried out in two stages: coarse - using a set of pipe columns 1 and drive rods 5, and fine - using a pair of screw-nut 8. With a high density of sediment, the headscarf cannot penetrate into the reservoir, then fine-tuning is performed while the vehicle is moving. The cut soil, thanks to the wings of the V-shaped knife and the movement of the unit, is concentrated at the fence. In order for the process of punching to take place along the entire path of the soil, a certain speed of movement is necessary at which the transport of wet sediment without water occurs. This speed depends on the density of the soil being cut, the rotation frequency, and the dimensions of the screw and is determined empirically.

The soil taken by the screw 7, moves into the upper part of the cylinder 2, and the produced medium is forced through the pipe into the pipeline and further to the shore or barge. The grate 3 must be periodically cleaned by hand from stones, sticks and other debris.

Claims (1)

A unit for cleaning water bodies from bottom sediments and extracting minerals from under water, comprising a device for transporting bottom sediments mounted on a boat, consisting of a cylinder connected to a pipe string to which a filter is attached to prevent large stones from entering the device, a V-shaped knife forms fixed to the cylinder from the side opposite to the direction of movement of the unit, and a screw installed in the cylinder and connected to the column of rods, which are given a rotational movement, different m, that the device for transporting bottom sediments is fixed on the boat through the mechanism for adjusting the depth of penetration into the soil, made in the form of a screw-nut pair, the screw is connected to the drive, providing it with rotational movement at a speed at which wet soil is taken, and then it is pushed throughout the route, and the filter is made in the form of a lattice.

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