RU2367746C2 - Aggregate for bottom sediment removal from pools and underwater development of mineral resources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for bottom sediment (silt) removal from water pools and for underwater development of mineral resources (sapropel) and bulk materials (sand, gravel, gold placers). Aggregate for bottom sediment removal from pools and underwater development of mineral resources includes bottom sediment conveying device mounted on floating medium and consisting of cylinder linked to pipe string, hollow piston installed inside the cylinder, linked to bar string and featuring channel with funnel-shaped section widening towards intake end and closed by shutoff valve. The floating medium carries conveyor device drive maintaining reciprocal movement of bar string. Aggregate is equipped with V-shaped cutter attached to aggregate opposite of aggregate course direction and serving for cutting mineral deposit layer and concentrating it at intake area. Filter with brushes and rods is attached to the cylinder to prevent large particles from penetrating under valve.

EFFECT: enhanced friability of caked mineral deposits, extended functional capacity and producing efficiency of aggregate.

2 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for use in cleaning water bodies from bottom sediments (silt), and in the extraction of minerals from under water (sapropel), and in the underwater extraction of bulk materials (sand, gravel, loose gold). The unit contains a device mounted on a craft for the extraction and transportation of bottom sediments; a device drive providing reciprocating movement of the rod string; V-shaped knife and a pipeline for supplying the medium to the shore or barge. The device for transporting bottom sediments consists of a cylinder connected to the pipe string installed in the cylinder and a hollow piston connected to the rod string, having a channel with a funnel-shaped portion expanding towards the intake end, covered by a shut-off valve, and a filter to prevent large particles from entering valve.

There is a method of underwater mining using dredger dredges, where a transportation device in the form of a scoop chain is used (see B.M. Shkundin. Machines for hydromechanization of earthworks, under the editorship of Epifanov SP - M .: Stroyizdat, 1982, p.133-140). The method is ineffective in the extraction of minerals of low density (silt) and has a limited depth of development, and the unit for mining is complicated and expensive.

There is also known a method of transporting rocks using a hydrotransport pipeline, in which small particles of rock forming water suspensions are transported to the required distance. The separation of particles from water occurs in sedimentation tanks located on boats or on land. The method is widely used in dredging projectiles (see B.M. Shkundin. Machines for hydromechanization of earthworks, under the editorship of Epifanov S.P. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1982, pp. 78-133). The disadvantages of this method are: limited functionality (mainly, the method is used in the extraction of sand and sapropel); high energy intensity associated with the fact that 99% of the energy is spent on transporting water, large areas occupied by sedimentation tanks, and the duration of the process of separation of water and suspended matter, and consequently, large operating costs.

When cleaning water bodies from bottom sediments, the area to be cleaned is usually isolated, water is pumped out there and then silt is loaded onto barges with grabs. The method is extremely complex, laborious and expensive, because it is mainly used for cleaning canals and small rivers in cities.

A device is known for transporting rock during underwater mining, containing a pipe string with a hollow nozzle, with a funnel-shaped portion expanding towards the intake end of the nozzle. The drive of the device is connected to the pipe string with the possibility of its reciprocating movement and ensuring the introduction of the nozzle into the rock for its forcing through the nozzle channel and the locking mechanism (Russian patent No. 2079659). Greater development depth and a greater transportation distance can be achieved if you use a device similar to a borehole pump described in Russian patent 1622624. The device contains a cylinder connected to the pipe string, a hollow piston connected to the rod string, equipped with a discharge valve located in its channel, installed with the possibility exit from the cylinder and connected by means of an elastic element.

The disadvantage of this device is the limited depth of extraction of minerals and the small transportation distance, due to the fact that at the time of the introduction of a hollow piston into the extracted mineral, a column of liquid and rock presses on the valve, making it difficult to open the valve and pass another portion of minerals.

The noted drawback is eliminated in the device described in Russian patent No. 2162152, comprising a cylinder connected to the pipe string, a hollow piston connected to the rod string through the rod, having a channel with a funnel-shaped portion expanding towards the intake end, and a shut-off mechanism-valve installed in the channel a piston with the possibility of blocking the channel, as well as a baffle with a passage channel blocked by a pressure valve installed in the upper part of the cylinder with the formation of a closed space between the locking mechanism -valve and said baffle, while the discharge valve is installed with the possibility of free sliding on the rod.

The devices described in Russian patents 2079659, 1622624 and 2162152, allow to extract liquid minerals, as well as bulk (pseudo-liquid) minerals during their underwater mining. However, with a small thickness of the reservoir and a high density (caking) of minerals, these devices have limited functionality and low productivity.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the flowability of caked minerals, expanding the functionality and increasing the productivity of the unit due to the fact that the layer of minerals is cut off, which is then concentrated in the place where the mineral intake is transported.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the unit for cleaning ponds from bottom sediments and mining from under water, containing a device for transporting bottom sediments fixed on a craft, consisting of a cylinder connected to the pipe string installed in the cylinder and connected to the column of hollow rods a piston having a channel with a funnel-shaped portion expanding towards the intake end, blocked by a shut-off valve, a transport device drive mounted on a watercraft, about Providing reciprocating movement of the column of rods, it is equipped with a knife having a V-shape, and mounted on the unit from the side opposite to the direction of its movement, and serving to cut the layer of minerals, and concentrating them at the fence, while attaching to the cylinder filter with brushes and rods, eliminating the ingress of large particles under the valve.

Figure 1 schematically shows the unit for cleaning ponds, and figure 2 is a section along aa of figure 1.

The unit contains a device for transporting bottom sediments mounted on a boat, a device drive providing reciprocating movement of the rod string, a V-shaped knife and a pipeline for supplying the medium to the shore or barge.

The device for transporting bottom sediments contains a cylinder 2 connected to the column of pipes 1, a rod 4 connected to the column of driving rods 3, at the end of which a piston 5 is attached, equipped with a valve 8 located in its channel 6 with a funnel-shaped portion 7. A filter 9 is attached to the cylinder 2 and a V-shaped knife 10. The filter 9 is cleaned with brushes 11 associated with rods 12.

The unit for cleaning water from bottom sediments and mining from under the water works as follows.

With large fluidity (or flowability) of sediments and a significant thickness of the formation, the device for transporting sediment is installed as deep as possible under the level of deposits, and the craft periodically moves to a new place when the fence of deposits is significantly reduced. In the case when the thickness of the mineral layer is small and they have a high density (caking), the V-shaped knife 10 is buried into the reservoir by a certain amount, and the craft moves continuously, and the compacted layer is cut by the depth of the knife. The cut layer having a lower density is concentrated in the center of the V-shaped knife 10, where the intake part of the transport device is located.

An increase in the thickness of the layer of the medium being taken in and an increase in its flowability have a positive effect on the productivity of the unit and the expansion of its functionality.

The transport device operates as follows: when the drive rods 3 are down, carried out by a drive mounted on a watercraft, the piston 5 is embedded in the deposits located in the lower part of the cylinder 2; in this case, it is forced through the channel 6 in the piston with a funnel-shaped portion 7. It presses on the valve 8, opens it and passes into the upper part of the cylinder 2.

During the reverse stroke of the rod string 3, carried out by the actuator, the valve 8 closes due to a decrease in the volume of the cylinder above the piston 5 filled with fossil. Then the pressure begins to increase and the produced medium through the nozzle in cylinder 2 is forced into the pipeline, and then to the shore or barge. At the same time, deposits are deposited in the lower part of the cylinder 2, which, passing through the filter 9, the open end and slots in the cylinder 2, fill the space freed up by the piston up. The filter 9 is cleaned with brushes 11, which are moved up and down with the help of rods 12. The filter is cleaned either periodically (manually) or continuously, then the rods 12 are connected to the rod 4.

Claims (1)

A unit for cleaning water bodies from bottom sediments and extracting minerals from under water, comprising a device for transporting bottom sediments fixed on a boat, consisting of a cylinder connected to a pipe string installed in a cylinder and connected to a rod string of a hollow piston having a channel with a funnel-shaped portion form, expanding towards the intake end, blocked by a shut-off valve, mounted on a watercraft drive device for transportation, providing a reciprocating the movement of the rod string, characterized in that it is equipped with a knife having a V-shape and mounted on the unit from the side opposite to the direction of its movement, and serving to cut the mineral layer and concentrate them at the fence, while the filter is attached to the cylinder brushes and rods, eliminating the ingress of large particles under the valve.

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