RU2644659C2 - Method of construction and protection of the pipeline from rockfall on slopes in mountainous areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction; mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of constructing a pipeline in a mountainous area in cramped conditions. Method of construction and protection of the main pipeline laid on slopes in mountainous areas from damage comprises geodesic breakdown of the route on the slopes. Rock on the mountain slopes is "softly" loosed by undermining. Construction site is cleared with a bulldozer and technological corridor is levelled by using a milling unit to form an even bed for the pipeline. Pipeline is consistently extended with the help of a front-gantry pipelayer with a caterpillar tracks. Separate sections of the pipeline with factory isolation are placed in the "belly" area of the pipelayer, delivered and descended to the bed of the route. Then, the sections of the extended pipeline are welded into a string, waterproofing of external welded joints of the pipeline is performed, a ballast protection device in the form of an elastic arch is installed on the pipeline by using local rock.

EFFECT: technical result is reduced width of the technological corridor.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to laying a pipeline and protecting it from rockfall in mountain conditions.

A known method of constructing a pipeline in mountain conditions, which in many cases requires the installation of shelves on the slopes of the mountain or the penetration of the massif by microtunnelling. With existing methods for constructing pipelines on shelves and slopes of mountains, it is necessary to install a retaining wall or a special shelter, which, as protective devices, in the event of a rock collapse (rockfall) are ineffective. The shelves, on which the pipeline is subsequently constructed and load-lifting mechanisms work, are carried out by the method of explosion with cord charges (removal of part of the rocks from the slope). This contributes to the preliminary creation of a horizontal technological corridor for the pipeline. After blasting, using the excavator to level the surface of the technological corridor. The next step, to ensure a high-quality “bed” under the pipeline, is imported and leveled “soft” soil - sand (Mazur II Oil and gas construction. - M .: Izme Omega, 2005).

The dimensions of the technological corridor are fulfilled in such a way that there is sufficient width to accommodate the pipeline under construction, lifting equipment (pipe layers), auxiliary mechanisms (cleaning pipe trucks, insulating machines, drainage devices from the top of the mountain, etc.). All this leads to significant dimensions of the right-of-way strip in width (150-200 m) and the cost of preparing the route for the pipeline laid on shelves on the slopes of the mountains.

The disadvantages of this method are:

a large volume of blasting operations, which occurs due to the large width of the shelves being arranged;

the need to create a wide technological corridor (shelf) up to 150-200 m to accommodate the pipeline itself and construction equipment (pipe layers, pipe carriers, auxiliary equipment, etc.);

huge costs for the development of rock (obtained by the method of explosion) by excavators under the construction site, since there is a need to transfer rock from the thrust wall to the slope of the mountain;

delivery of a large amount of “soft soil” (sand) for bedding under the pipeline, since it is impossible to excavate a flat surface of the site for laying the pipeline;

almost no protective devices of the pipeline from erosion in the case of rockfall, talus, mudflows and fractures in the site arising from the explosion of rock.

The objective of the invention is the development of a new method, the construction of the route with a significant reduction in material and technical costs by reducing the work of excavators, eliminating the need for sand transportation, using a front-gantry pipe layer working on any longitudinal and transverse slopes, which reduces the width of the technological corridor by 2 times , exceptions from the technological chain of using traditional pipe layers, protecting the constructed pipeline from rockfall, talus, mudflows from with help to prevent the longitudinal and transverse movement of the pipeline ballast protection device, use for ballasting the pipeline of local rocks.

When implementing the claimed technical solution, the task is solved by achieving a technical result, which consists in reducing the width of the technological corridor, increasing the reliability and efficiency of construction and protecting the main pipeline from rockfalls on slopes in mountainous areas.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of construction and protection against rockfall of the main pipeline laid on slopes in the mountains, the following operations are provided: geodetic breakdown of the track on slopes, the implementation of "soft" loosening of rock by blasting charges on the slopes of the mountain, which eliminates the formation of cracks in the rock of the base of the site; a rough clearing of the construction site with a bulldozer with dumping of excess rock into the slope of the mountain; alignment with the help of a milling installation of the technological corridor site with the formation of a perfectly flat bed under the pipeline; consecutive extension of the pipeline under construction with the help of the front-gantry pipe-laying machine on a caterpillar track, which ensures the delivery and descent to the bed of the route of individual sections or lashes of the pipeline with factory insulation, located in the "abdominal" region; welding sections of the extended pipeline into a thread; descent of the whip of the pipeline onto the bed of the route; welding extension pipe; waterproofing of external welded joints of the pipeline; installation of ballast protection devices in the form of an elastic arch on the pipeline using local rock.

A comparative analysis with traditional technology shows that the claimed method of construction uses advanced methods, techniques and technology, is implemented using a front-gantry pipe-laying machine and a combined rubble-and-ballast coating. This method allows to reduce the construction time by 2-3 times and protect the existing pipeline from damage by a ballast protection device during rockfall, talus, mudflows.

Comparison of the claimed solution with the traditional method of construction of pipelines shows the popularity of the operations of the method, however, it is not known that due to the claimed combination and sequence of actions, the width of the technological corridor can be reduced by 2-4 times, and when using “soft” loosening of rocky soil by blasting, reduce mining rocks 3-4 times and exclude crack formation in the body of the site; when a bulldozer performs rough cleaning of a technological corridor; alignment with the help of a milling installation of the site of the technological corridor and bed under the pipeline; construction of the pipeline by a front-gantry pipe-laying machine, freely moving over the pipeline under construction, combining delivery operations of sections up to 50 m in length for building up the pipeline and performing welding and installation operations; By carrying out combined ballasting and protecting the existing pipeline from rockfall damage, it is possible to build a route for the pipeline.

The causal relationship between the essential features of the invention and the claimed and technical result is as follows: the volume of blasting operations is reduced by 3-4 times, since a width of 15-20 m is sufficient for the technological site for the pipeline; accordingly, the volume of rock removed by the bulldozer from the pipeline route under construction to the slope decreases; virtually eliminating the need for sand transportation due to leveling by milling of the surface of the site, the use of a front-gantry pipe layer allows reducing the width of the technological corridor by 2-4 times, eliminating the use of 5-7 traditional pipe layers and pipe carriers from the technological chain, protecting and ballasting the constructed pipeline from rockfall, screes, mudflows with a ballast protection device (for example, Renault mattresses) using local rock in them (rubble stone) eliminates a mortar of stone from quarries.

In FIG. 1 shows: geodetic breakdown of the territory under the site of the route of the future pipeline on a mountain slope.

In FIG. 2 shows: “soft” loosening of rocky soil on the slope of a mountain section by blasting under a cleared (arranged) by the explosion method.

In FIG. 3 shows: rough clearing of the shelf (technological corridor) with a bulldozer.

In FIG. 4 shows: milling a shelf for a bed of a pipeline and a construction site with the installation of a thrust wall.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows: transportation and installation of pipe sections by a front-gantry pipe-laying machine on a caterpillar track when building the pipeline.

In FIG. 6 shows: welding of the pipeline in a whip (line).

In FIG. 7 shows: waterproofing of welded joints.

In FIG. 8 shows: laying ballasting and protective devices against rockfalls, screes and mudflows.

The claimed sequence of actions when laying a pipeline in mountain conditions can conditionally be divided into building and protective components.

The construction component includes the use of standard methods and tools, in particular a bulldozer, a milling machine and a two-module front-gantry pipe-laying machine.

The protective component includes the use of a built-in ballast protection device for protection against rockfall, which can be combined with a rubble-ballast protection coating using local rock for ballasting, for example, Renault mattresses filled with rubble stone.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the pipeline is constructed using the front-gantry pipe-laying machine (RU 2485384 C1) by the method of successively dragging new sections of the pipeline over the already mounted section with the following basic operations of the method.

Perform a breakdown of the axis of the route along which the pipeline will pass (Fig. 1). Produce "soft" loosening of rocky soil by blasting (Fig. 2). Produce a bulldozer rough cleaning of the technological corridor (Fig. 3). Planning of the technological corridor for the future pipeline route by the method of milling rock (Fig. 4). Carry out the transportation of pipe sections or lashes by the front-gantry pipe-layer placed in its "abdominal" part (Fig. 5). Weld a stackable pipeline (Fig. 6). Insulate the welded joints of the pipeline (Fig. 7). Ballast and protect against rockfall of the constructed pipeline (Fig. 8).

An example implementation of the method. Specialist 2 carries out geodetic breakdown of territory 3 under the site of the route of the future pipeline on the slope 1 (section). Place by means of punching charges to undermine and remove part of the soil on the slope of the mountain section 1 (Fig. 2). “Soft” loosening of 5 rocky soil is carried out by blasting to form a horizontal shelf 7 of width B equal to 15-20 m (Fig. 2), for which 4 explosive charges are placed under the cleared (arranged) site. Establish limiting columns 6, serving simultaneously as benchmarks. A rough clearing of the technological corridor is carried out with a bulldozer 8 on a horizontal shelf 7 (Fig. 3). The construction site and the tracks under the pipeline are leveled to level the obtained horizontal flange 7 using the milling method using a bulldozer 10 with a milling base and a thrust wall 9 is installed to prevent the rock from moving from the upper slope (Fig. 4).

Produce the front-gantry pipe layer 11 laying the first 12 and subsequent 13 sections (lashes) of the pipeline (Fig. 5). Front-gantry pipe-laying device 11 is idled for new sections. With the help of winches, they lift new sections of the pipeline with factory insulation to the “abdominal” part of the front-gantry pipe layer 11 to a position above the diameter of the pipeline under construction, which carries out a stroke over the laid part of the pipeline and lowers the delivered sections to the bed at the end of the constructed part of the pipeline to build the pipeline. Thus, moving over the first sections 12 and 13 of the constructed pipeline string, the front-gantry pipe layer 11 with new sections by the “drag” method increases the linear part of the pipeline under construction (Fig. 6). Dock welding sections of the pipeline in a line (Fig. 6). Isolation 15 of the welded joints 14 of the pipeline (Fig. 7). Ballast-protective devices are installed (Fig. 8) by laying in the form of an elastic arch 16 over a pipe welded into a thread 17. As ballasting protective devices, for example, Renault mattresses are used, filled with rubble stone obtained by carrying out “soft” loosening of the soil.

Claims (1)

A method of construction and protection from rockfall of a main pipeline laid on slopes in mountainous areas, which includes the following operations: geodetic breakdown of the track on slopes, the implementation of "soft" loosening of rock by blasting on the slopes of the mountain, and roughing out the construction site with a bulldozer; alignment with the help of a milling installation of the technological corridor site with the formation of an even bed under the pipeline; consecutive extension of the pipeline under construction using the front-gantry pipe-laying machine on a caterpillar track, which ensures delivery and descent to the bed of the route of individual sections of the pipeline located in the "abdominal" area, welding sections of the extended pipeline in the thread, waterproofing the external welded joints of the pipeline, installation on the welded into the string is a pipeline of ballast protection devices in the form of an elastic arch using local rock.

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