RU2643884C1 - Method of automatic control of technological processes of gas and gas condensate wells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: using the results of hydrodynamic tests and field data from all wells, automatic control system of gas well cluster is adjusted providing automatic determination and maintenance of maximum pressure value in the gas-collecting reservoir of the well cluster during operation. In this case, automatic distribution of load between the wells of the cluster is realized in proportion to their geological capabilities by pressure. Automatic protection of technological modes of wells is provided, which prevents the output of well parameters beyond the present maximum and minimum limits.

EFFECT: operation of the well cluster is automatically stabilised by minimising the impact of substantial pressure deviations arising in the reservoir of said well cluster during its operation.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of natural gas and gas condensate, in particular to the control of technological processes of a wellbore during gas and gas condensate production, with the determination and maintenance of the maximum pressure value provided by the technological regime in the gas collector and in the loop coming from the bush, subject to preset operating modes of each well of a given bush.

A known system for automatically maintaining pressure on a wellbore, including control devices and pressure sensors [patent for utility model RU 62656, publ. 04/27/2007]. The disadvantage of this method, which is the basis for the functioning of this system, is that it does not take into account the features of the operation of gas condensate field wells, in particular, when controlling the technological process, there is no control of gas flow for each well, accordingly, there is no possibility of observing geological restrictions on the well flow.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a system of adaptive automatic control of the productivity of a gas well cluster, including PID gas flow controllers connected to the wells and connected to the input with gas flow sensors, and the output to the actuators of the wells, capacity controllers and a gas pressure regulator in gas collector of a wellbore [patent for invention RU No. 2559268, publ. 08/10/2015]. A significant drawback of this system is that it, like the previous system, does not take into account the features of the operation of gas condensate fields, in particular, it is not possible to automatically determine and maintain the maximum pressure value in the common reservoir of the well, taking into account the geological and technological limitations of each well ( maximum and minimum boundaries of flow rates, pressures and valve positions of regulators). Also in the specified invention there is no possibility of automatic load balancing across all the wells in the cluster involved in the regulation process.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to automatically maintain the maximum pressure value in the plume of the gas and gas condensate well bush provided by the technological mode to ensure stable and most efficient operation of technological processes at the complex gas treatment unit (GPP), subject to the specified geological conditions the work of each well of the bush.

When using the claimed technical solution, the task is solved by achieving a technical result, which consists in automatically determining and maintaining the maximum pressure in the gas collector of the gas and gas condensate well cluster (CCGS) and is provided for by the technological mode;

automatic load distribution between the wells of the cluster participating in the regulation process, in proportion to the geological capabilities of the wells in pressure;

automatic protection of technological regimes of wells, which does not allow well parameters to go beyond the established maximum and minimum limitations of well operation;

automatic stabilization of the operation of the cluster of gas and gas condensate wells (CGS) by minimizing the effect of the resulting deviations in pressure in the reservoir of the cluster of these wells during their operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method, by means of an automatic control system for a gas well cluster (ACS KGS) by means of PID gas pressure regulators, the maximum value of the gas pressure P _{bush_f} in the gas reservoir of the well _cluster provided by the process mode is constantly maintained by controlling the valves of each well regulator . To do this, the found maximum pressure P _bush for the gas reservoir of the KKGS well cluster is fed to the input of the PID controllers tasks, and the value from the pressure sensor installed in the gas collection manifold of the well bush P _{bush_f is} fed to the feedback input of the PID controllers. For each well, the integral and differential coefficients are determined, which are introduced into the PID controllers when they are tuned. A search is made for the maximum pressure value for KKGS R _bush taking into account the boundary values - the maximum and minimum values of flow rates and pressures in each well, which are determined during periodic gas-hydrodynamic studies of the wells. Next, they search for the maximum pressure in the CCGS. To do this, the operator of the gas treatment unit in the remote control of the CGS, changing the position of each valve of the regulator of the CG, creates such a pressure in the CGS at which the geological parameters of the wells (flow and pressure) will be between the maximum and minimum restrictions. In this case, the pressure will be closer to the minimum, and the flow rate closer to the maximum, and this pressure in the KCHS is taken as the initial set point for maintaining the pressure in the KCHS R _{bush_for} PID controllers. Further, this setting is increased by a value (ΔP) equal to 0.5 ÷ 1% of P _{bush_nach} ,

P _bush = P _{bush_nach} + ΔP

and, when in the process of PID control the pressure in the CCGS reaches the preset value of the P _bush , the next increase in the P _bush by ΔР is made and this process continues until one of the wells in the bush reaches a limit on its minimum pressure or maximum flow rate, or according to the upper position of КР, and this value of the found pressure in the reservoir of gas well _cluster Р _{bush_max} , minus the safety factor (ΔР _cor ), equal to 1 ÷ 3% of Р _{bush_max} , is taken as the maximum pressure - set point Р _bush in this KCHS ,

P = P _{kust_maks bush} - .DELTA.P _core.

ACS KGS constantly redistributes the load between the wells in the well in proportion to the geological capabilities of the wells by pressure by continuously calculating the proportionality coefficients K _{p_s [i]} for each well, the values of which are a linear function of the pressure in the wells P wells _[i] ,

To _{p_c} [i] = ƒ (P _{wells [i]} ),

which is represented as the ratio of the obtained restrictions and controlled values

K _{p_c [i]} = (P _{bc [i]} - P _{min_s [i]} ) ÷ (P _{max_s [i]} - P _{min_s [i]} ) × (K _{p_max_s [i]} - K _{p_min_s [i]} ) + K _{p_min_c [i]}

subject to the following conditions:

if K _{p_c [i]} <K _{p_min_c [i]} , then

To _{p_c [i]} : = To _{p_min_c [i]} ,

if K _{p_s [i]} > K _{p_max_s [i]} , then

To _{p_c [i]} : = To _{p_max_s [i]} ,

where i is the well number; P wells _[i] - current pressure at the wellhead; P _{min_c [i]} is the minimum pressure at the wellhead; P _{max_s [i]} - maximum pressure at the wellhead; To _{p_min_s [i]} - the minimum values of the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves of the KR cease to move; To _{p_max_s [i]} are the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves KR move with maximum increments.

ACS KGS for each well in the cluster constantly monitors the correspondence of its technological process to the boundaries (its limitations) in terms of pressure, flow rate and position of the regulator valve, and in a situation when the wells are operating normally - without going beyond the established boundaries, one input of tasks of the PID regulators for all assignment setpoint pressure _bush F _[i], and in the event parameters of at least one well beyond the prescribed predetermined process mode, to return to the specified range ACS CFSs corrects ve Ichin pressure setpoint P _bush in RCSC _[i] as follows:

- if the current flow rate F _{borehole [i]} in one of the wells exceeds the maximum geological limit value F _{borehole [i]} > F _{max_well [i]} , then the self-propelled guns reduce the pressure setpoint P _{bush [i]} for this well by a value depending on flow deviation values, according to the following algorithm,

F _{off_max [i]} = F _{max_s [i]} - F _{well [i]} ,

if F _{off max [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} - (To _{cor_F [i]} × ⎪F _{off_max [i]} ⎪),

where i is the well number; F _{max_c [i]} - maximum costs at the wellhead; F _{SLE [i]} - current costs at the wellhead; To _{core_F [i]} - the coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS,

- if the current flow rate F _{bore [i]} in one of the wells is less than the minimum geological constraint F _{bore [i]} <F _{min_sec [i]} , then the ACS KGS increases the pressure setpoint P _{bush [i]} for this well by a value depending on flow deviation values, according to the following algorithm,

F _{off_min [i]} = F _{well [i]} - F _{min_c [i]} ,

if F _{off_min [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} + (To _{box_F [i]} × ⎪F _{off_min [i]} ⎪),

where i is the well number; F _{min_s [i]} - the minimum cost at the wellhead, provided for by the technological regime; F _{SLE [i]} - current costs at the wellhead; To _{core_F [i]} - the coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS,

- if the current P _{rms [i]} the pressure in one of the bush holes exceeds the maximum geological constraints P _{wells [i]>} F _{maks_skv [i],} the ACS CSC produce an increase in pressure setpoint P _{bush [i]} for the given well value depending from the pressure deviation, according to the following algorithm,

P _{off_max [i]} = P _{max_s [i]} - P _{bore [i]} ,

if P _{off max [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} + (To the _{box_P [i]} × ⎪ _{Р off_max [i]} ⎪),

where i is the well number; P _{max_s [i]} - maximum pressure at the wellhead; R _{SLE [i]} - pressure at the wellhead; To _{Kor_P [i]} - the coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS,

- if the pressure P _{bore [i]} in one of the wells in the well is less than the minimum geological constraint P _{bore [i]} <P _{min_sq [i]} , then the self-propelled guns reduce the pressure set point P bore _[i] for this well by a value depending on pressure deviation values, according to the following algorithm,

P _{off_min [i]} = P _{bore [i]} - P _{min_s [i]} ,

if P _{off_min [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} - (To _{cor_P_P [i]} × ⎪Р _{off_min [i]} ⎪),

where i is the well number; P _{min_c [i]} - minimum pressure at the wellhead; R _{SLE [i]} - current pressure at the wellhead; To _{Kor_P [i]} - coefficients selected when setting the ACS KGS, and in a situation when the position of the valve of the regulator reaches the limit of the position limit, the ACS KGS disconnects it from the PID controller and fixes it in the corresponding value of the position limit.

ACS KGS constantly monitors the deviation ΔР - the actual pressure in KKGS P _{bush_f} from the setpoint P _bush and adjusts the proportionality coefficients of the PID well regulators K _{p_c [i]} depending on the magnitude and direction of the pressure deviation ΔР as follows:

- if the pressure in KKGS P _{bush_f is} greater than the setpoint P _{bush_f} > P _bush , then the self-propelled guns KGS changes K _{p_s [i] upward} for those wells whose pressure is closer to the minimum pressure limit in the well P _{min_s [i]} ;

- if the pressure in KKGS P _{bush_f is} less than the setpoint P _{bush_f} <P _bush , then the self-propelled guns KGS changes K _{p_s [i] upward} for those wells whose pressure is closer to the maximum pressure limit in the well P _{max_s [i]} ;

- if the calculated K _{p_s [i]} is greater than the maximum value of the proportional coefficient K _{p_max_c [i]} , then the self-propelled guns of KGS for K _{p_s [i]} takes K _{p_max_s [i]]} according to the following algorithm,

ΔP = P _{bush_f} - P _bush ,

ΔK _{p_up_s [i]} = K _{p_max_s [i]} - K _{p_c [i]} ,

ΔK _{p_down_ [i]} = K _{p_s [i]} - K _{p_min_s [i]} ,

if ΔP = 0, then

To _{p_c [i]} = To _{p_c [i]} ,

if ΔP <0, then

To _{p_c [i]} = To _{p_c [i]} + (ΔK _{p_down_s [i]} × | ΔP |),

if ΔP> 0, then

To _{p_c [i]} = To _{p_c [i]} + (ΔK _{p_up_c [i]} × | ΔP |),

if K _{p_c [i]} > K _{p_max_c [i]} , then

To _{p_c [i]} = To _{p_max_s [i]} ,

where i is the well number; To _{p_max_c [i]} are the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves KR move with maximum increments; To _{p_min_s [i]} - the minimum values of the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves KR will stop moving.

In the event of a situation when all the wells in the cluster are in the zone of restrictions on pressure, flow rate or position of the control valve, the control system self-regulating control system stops the control actions from the PID controllers on the control valves with a message to the automated control system of the technological processes of the gas treatment plant about the impossibility of maintaining pressure in the gas compressor station .

The causal relationship between the specified technical result and the essential features of the invention is as follows. Using the results of hydrodynamic studies and field data for all wells, an automatic gas well cluster control system (ACS KGS) is set up, which ensures the automatic determination and maintenance of the maximum pressure value in the gas reservoir of the well cluster during operation. At the same time, automatic distribution of the load between the wells of the well is implemented in proportion to their geological capabilities in terms of pressure, automatic protection of the technological modes of the wells is ensured, which does not allow the well parameters to exceed the set maximum and minimum restrictions, the work of the well cluster is automatically stabilized by minimizing the effect of significant pressure deviations occurring in the reservoir a cluster of these wells during its operation. The inventive combination of actions provides automatic control of the technological processes of a cluster of gas and gas condensate wells, fully takes into account the individual characteristics of the operation of wells of gas condensate fields, which can significantly increase the efficiency of using the capabilities of each cluster of gas wells. The information load on operational personnel is also significantly reduced, which increases its effectiveness in decision-making.

The invention is illustrated by illustrative materials, where in FIG. 1 shows an enlarged structural diagram of a cluster of gas and gas condensate wells; FIG. 2 shows a structural block diagram of a system for automatic control of a cluster of gas and gas condensate wells (ACS KGS).

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 the following notation is used:

1 - self-propelled guns KGS;

2 - gas or gas condensate well;

3 - flow sensor at the wellhead (FE);

4 - pressure sensor at the wellhead (RT);

5 - valve regulator (KR);

6 - pressure sensor in the gas reservoir of the wellbore (RT);

7 - gas gathering wellbore collector (KKGS);

8 - a loop from a well cluster to a gas treatment facility;

9 - signal input of the sensor 6 pressure control in the collector KKGS 7;

10 - output control signal of self-propelled guns KGS to the valve-regulator (KP) 5 (individual for KP each well of the cluster);

11 is a block for determining restrictions on the provisions of KP 5 (individual for each well of the cluster), the principle of operation and implementation of this block is described below in paragraphs d and e;

12 - software-implemented PID controller;

13 - signal input from the pressure monitoring sensor 4 at the wellhead 2 (individual for each well in the cluster);

14 is a block for calculating the proportionality coefficient (individual for each well in the well), the principle of operation and implementation of this block is described below in paragraphs b and d;

15 - input for input by the operator of the gas treatment plant to set the maximum and minimum values of the coefficient of proportionality (individual for each well in the cluster);

16 is a block for the correction of the coefficient of proportionality when the pressure deviates from the maximum value of the reservoir 7 of the CCGS (individual for each well in the well), the principle of operation and implementation of this block is described below in paragraph d;

17 - input for entering by the operator of the gas treatment plant the task of setting the maximum and minimum pressure values in well 2 (individual for each well in the cluster);

18 is a correction block of the SP setpoint for the PID controller when the gas pressure at the wellhead 2 deviates beyond the limits (individual for each well in the well), the principle of operation and implementation of this block is described below in paragraph d;

19 is a correction block of the SP setpoint for the PID controller when deviations of the gas flow rate of well 2 beyond the limits (individual for each well of the wellbore), the principle of operation and implementation of this unit is described below in paragraph g;

20 - input for entering by the operator of the gas treatment plant the task of the maximum and minimum gas flow rate of well 2 (individual for each well of the cluster);

21 - input signal from the sensor 3 control the gas flow of the well 2 (individual for each well of the cluster);

22 - block search for the maximum pressure in the reservoir 7 KKGS;

23 - input for entering by the operator of the gas treatment unit the task of setting the maximum and minimum position of CR 5 (individual for each well of the cluster).

As blocks, measuring instruments, valves, standard means were used. The blocks for calculations and PID controllers specified in the application are implemented on the basis of a programmable logic controller (PLC) of the control point (KP) of the KGS 1 telemechanics systems, and standardized programming languages IEC (IEC) standard IEC61131-3 are used to implement the described method .

A cluster of gas and gas condensate wells includes wells 2, on which gas flow sensors 3, pressure 4 and a control valve 5 are connected in series, combined into a gas collector of a well cluster 7, equipped with a pressure gauge 6, which is connected by a loop of a bush 8 to a raw gas collector UKPG . The outputs of these sensors are connected to an automatic control system for a gas well cluster 1 (self-propelled guns KGS) containing software-implemented PID controllers 12 for gas pressure. Hydrodynamic studies are carried out, field data is measured for all wells 2, according to the results of which the automatic control system for a cluster of gas wells 1 (ACS KGS) is set up.

Through self-propelled guns KGS 1 implement automatic control of a cluster of gas wells, as follows:

a) constantly maintain the maximum value of the gas pressure in the CCGS 7. For this, the PID controllers 12 control the technological process of the wells 2 with the control valves KR 5 involved in the process. To do this, at the input SP of tasks of each of the PID controllers 12, the maximum pressure value (set point) found by block 22 is supplied to the CCCH 7 P _bush . At the input 9 for feedback PV PID 12 controllers supply the current pressure from the pressure sensor 6 to KKGS 7 R _{bush_f} . For each well, the integral and differential coefficients for PID controllers 12 are determined when setting the ACS KGS 1 [for example, see Encyclopedia of ACS TP, p. 5.5., Classic PID controller, Internet resource http://www.bookasutp.ru/Chapter5_5 .aspx # HandTuning].

The search for the maximum pressure value for KKGS 7 P _bush conducts block 22 self-propelled guns KGS 1 taking into account the boundary values - the maximum and minimum values of the costs that come from inlets 20 and pressures from inlet 17 for each well. The values of these parameters are determined during periodic gas-hydrodynamic studies of wells and are set at inputs 17 and 20 by the operator of the gas treatment plant.

Before starting the CGS self-propelled guns to work, the unit 22 for searching the maximum pressure in the KGSG 7 is configured. For this, the operator of the gas treatment plant in the remote control mode of the KGS 1 self-propelled guns, changing the position of the CR 5 of each well in the cluster, creates such pressure in the KGGS 7 at which the geological parameters of the wells ( flow and pressure) will be between their maximum and minimum values - the pressure is closer to the minimum, and the flow is closer to the maximum. This pressure in KKGS 7 is taken as the initial setpoint for maintaining pressure in KKGS 7 P _{bush_nach} for PID controllers 12. Further, this setting is increased by a value (ΔР) equal to 0.5 ÷ 1% of P _{bush_nach} , i.e. ask

P _bush = P _{bush_nach} + ΔP

When in the process of PID control, the pressure in KKGS 7 reaches a predetermined value of the P _bush , produce the next increase in P _bush by ΔP. This process is continued until one of the wells in the cluster reaches a limit on the minimum pressure for it, or on the maximum flow rate, or on the upper position of the compressor set at input 23 by the operator of the gas treatment plant. And this value found bush manifold pressure P _{kust_maks} gas wells, minus a safety factor (.DELTA.P _armature) of 1 ÷ 3% of P _{kust_maks} is taken as the maximum pressure in the RCSC 7, i.e. setting

P = P _{bush kust_maks} -? P _{of the armature;}

b) constantly redistribute the load between the wells of the cluster in proportion to the geological capabilities of each well in terms of pressure. For this, block 14, individual for each well, continuously calculates the proportionality coefficient K _{p_s [i] of the} PID controller 12 of well 2, using an algorithm in the form of a linear function of pressure in the well (P _{well [i]} ), i.e.

To _{p_c [i]} = ƒ (P _{wells [i]} ),

To _{p_c [i]} = (P _{bore [i]} - P _{min_s [i]} ) ÷ (P _{max_s [i]} - P _{min_s [i]} ) × (K _{p_max_s [i]} - K _{p_min_s [i]} ) + K _{p_min_s [i]}

where i is the well number; R _{SLE [i]} - current pressure at the wellhead; P _{min_s [i]} - the minimum pressure at the wellhead, set at the inlet 17; P _{max_c [i]} - maximum pressure at the wellhead, set at the inlet 17; To _{p_min_s [i]} - the minimum values of the proportionality coefficients for the PID controllers 12, at which the corresponding control valves KR 5 cease to move, are set at input 15 by the UKPG operator; To _{p_max_s [i]} are the values of the proportionality coefficients for the PID controllers 12, at which the KR 5 control valves move with maximum increments, are set at input 15 by the UKPG operator.

The higher the pressure in the well, the signal of which is input 13, the greater the value of the signal at the output of block 14, which calculates the proportionality coefficient for the PID controller 12, and, accordingly, there will be a greater effect on the valve of the regulator KR 5. With decreasing pressure in the well 2, the coefficient K _{p_s [i]} decreases, respectively, the effect on the valve-regulator KR 5 decreases. As a result of this, the load is distributed among the wells of the 2 wells depending on their geological capabilities in pressure;

d) for each well 2, it is constantly monitored that its technological process meets its boundaries (its limitations) in terms of pressure, flow rate and position of KP 5. It is not allowed to go beyond the limitations of any of the parameters in terms of pressure, flow rate or position of KP 5. For this, blocks 3 self-propelled guns KGS 1, individual for each well, continuously monitor and do not allow the well parameters to go beyond the established limits set at the inputs 17, 20, 23 by the operator of the gas treatment plant.

In a situation where the wells are operating normally, without parameters beyond the boundary, set at the inputs 17, 20, 23, at the input of the SP tasks of the PID controllers 12 KP 5 wells 2 serve one task for everyone (set point) for pressure P _{bush [i ]} . And in the event that the well parameters go beyond the boundary to return them to the specified limits, the self-propelled guns ETC 1 corrects the pressure settings SP PID controllers 12 in KKGS 7 P well _[i] in those wells where restrictions arose using the following algorithm:

- if the current flow rate F _{SLE [i]} entering the input 21 from the sensor 3, in one of the wells 2 exceeds the value of the maximum geological constraint specified at the input 20

F _{well [i]} > P _{max_s [i]} ,

then block 19 reduces the pressure setpoint SP pressure P _{bush [i]} for the PID controller 12 of a given well by a value that depends on the value of the flow deviation, which will reduce the flow of this well and introduce it into the geological flow limit, i.e.

F _{off_max [i]} = F _{max_s [i]} - F _{well [i]} ,

- if F _{off max [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} - (To _{box_F [i]} × | F _{off_max [i]} |),

where i is the well number; F _{max_c [i]} - the maximum cost at the wellhead, specified at the input 20; F _{SLE [i]} - wellhead costs; To _{core_F [i]} - coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS 1;

- if the current flow rate F _{SLE [i]} entering the input 21 from the sensor 3 in one of the wells 2 is less than the value of the minimum geological restriction set at the input 20

F _{well [i]} <F _{min_c [i]} ,

then block 19 produces an increase in the setpoint SP of pressure P _{bush [i]} for the PID controller 12 for a given well by a value depending on the value of the flow deviation, which will lead to an increase in the flow of this well and introduce it within the framework of geological flow restrictions, i.e. .

F _{off_min [i]} = F _{well [i]} - F _{min_s [i]} ,

if F _{off_min [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} + (To _{box_F [i]} × | F _{off_min [i]} |),

where i is the well number; F _{min_c [i]} - the minimum cost at the wellhead, specified at the entrance 20; F _{SLE [i]} - current costs at the wellhead; To _{core_F [i]} - coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS 1;

- if the current pressure P _{bore [i]} entering the inlet 13 from the sensor 4, one of the wells 2 of the cluster exceeds the maximum value determined by the results of gas-hydrodynamic research of the wells specified at the inlet 17

P _{bcc [i]} > P _{max_s [i]} ,

then block 18 increases the pressure setpoint SP pressure P _{bush [i]} for the PID controller 12 for a given well by a value that depends on the magnitude of the pressure deviation, which will lead to a decrease in pressure in this well and introduce it within the geological limits of pressure, t. e.

P _{off_max [i]} = P _{max_c [i]} - P _{bore [i]} ,

if P _{off max [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} + (To _{cor_P_P [i]} × | P _{off_max [i]} |),

where i is the well number; P _{max_c [i]} - maximum pressure at the wellhead, set at the inlet 17; R _{SLE [i]} - current pressure at the wellhead; To _{Kor_p [i]} - the coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS 1;

- if the current pressure P _{bore [i]} , arriving at the input 13 from the sensor 4, in one of the wells 2 of the cluster is less than the value of the minimum geological restriction set at the input 17

R _{well [i]} <P _{min_s [i]} ,

then block 18 reduces the pressure setpoint SP P _{bush [i]} for the PID controller 12 of this well by a value that depends on the magnitude of the pressure deviation, which will lead to an increase in pressure in this well and introduce it within the geological limits of pressure, i.e. .

P _{off_min [i]} = P _{bore [i]} - P _{min_s [i]} ,

if P _{off_min [i]} <0, then

P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} - (To _{box_P [i]} × | P _{off_min [i]} |),

where i is the well number; P _{min_s [i]} - the minimum pressure at the wellhead, set at the inlet 17; R _{SLE [i]} - pressure at the wellhead; To _{Kor_P [i]} - the coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS 1.

In a situation where the position of the control switch extends beyond the boundary at the position specified at input 23, then in block 11, the control switch is disconnected from the output of the PID controller CV and the position of the control switch is fixed, applying the corresponding restriction value from input 23;

d) constantly monitor the deviation ΔР of the actual pressure P _{bush_f} in KKGS 7 from the found setpoint P _bush and adjust the proportional coefficients of the PID well regulators K _{p_c [i]} depending on the magnitude and direction of the pressure deviation ΔР. To do this, block 16 self-propelled guns KGS 1, individual for each well, constantly monitors the deviation ΔР of the actual pressure in KKGS 7 received at the input 9 from the pressure sensor 6, P _{bush_f} from the set value calculated by the block 22 P _bush , and adjusts the proportionality coefficients PID- well regulators K _{p_s [i]} calculated in block 14, depending on the magnitude and direction of the pressure deviation ΔР according to the following algorithm:

- if the pressure in KKGS 7 P _{bush_f is} greater than the setpoint P _bush calculated by block 22

R _{bush_f} > R _bush ,

then block 16 changes K _{p_s [i]} upwards for those wells 2, the pressure of which is closer to the minimum pressure limit in the well set at the inlet 17, P _{min_s [i]} . As a result, the PID controller 12 of the "weak" well gets the opportunity to close the valve regulator KR 5, thereby increasing the pressure in the "weak" well,

- if the pressure in KKGS 7 P _{bush_f is} less than the setpoint P _bush calculated by block 22

P _{bush_f} <P _bush ,

then block 16 changes K _{p_s [i]} upwards for those wells 2, the pressure of which is closer to the maximum pressure limit in the well set at the inlet 17, P _{max_s [i]} . As a result, pressure in KKGS 7 will be raised by more “strong” wells, and “weak” wells will be involved to a lesser extent;

- if the calculated in block 16 K _{p_s [i] is} obtained more than the maximum value of the proportionality coefficient K _{p_max_s [i]} specified at input 15, then K _{p_c [i] is} taken to K _{p_max_c [i]} .

ΔP = P _{bush_f} - P _bush ,

ΔK _{p_up_c [i]} - K _{p_max_s [i]} - K _{p_c [i]} ,

ΔK _{p_down_ [i]} = K _{p_c [i]} - K _{p_min_c [i]} ,

if ΔP = 0, then

K _{p_c [i]} = K _{p_c [i]} ,

if ΔP <0, then

To _{p_c [i]} = To _{p_c [i]} + (ΔK _{p_down_s [i]} × | ΔP |),

if ΔP> 0, then

To _{p_c [i]} = To _{p_c [i]} + (ΔK _{p_up_s [i]} × | ΔP |),

if K _{p_c [i]} > K _{p_max_c [i]} , then

K _{p_s [i]} = K _{p_max_c [i]} ,

where i is the well number; To _{p_max_s [i]} are the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers 12, at which the control valves of the KR 5 move with maximum increments specified at input 15; To _{p_min_s [i]} - the minimum values of the proportionality coefficient of the PID controllers 12, at which the valves regulators KR 5 cease to move, set at the input 15;

f) when a situation occurs when all the wells in the cluster have entered the zone of restrictions on pressure, flow rate or position of KR 5 set at the inputs 17, 20, 23, then block 11 stops the control actions of CV from PID controllers 12 to KR 5 with the output messages to the automated control system of technological processes (ACS TP) UKPG about the impossibility of maintaining pressure in KKGS 7.

ACS KGS 1 is one of the subsystems of the telemechanics system, implemented on the basis of the PLC, for gas and gas condensate well clusters, and communication between it and the ACS TP UKPG is supported through telemechanics systems.

The proposed method for automatic control of the technological processes of a cluster of gas and gas condensate wells fully takes into account the features of the operation of wells of gas condensate fields, which can significantly increase the efficiency of using the capabilities of each cluster of gas and gas condensate wells. The information load on operational personnel is also significantly reduced, which increases its effectiveness in decision-making. The claimed invention can be widely used in other existing and newly developed gas condensate fields of the Russian Federation.

Claims (52)

1. A method for automatically controlling the processes of a cluster of gas and gas condensate wells equipped with loops, comprising installing sequentially gas flow sensors, pressure and a regulator valve, combined into a gas collecting manifold of a cluster of wells equipped with a pressure sensor that is connected by a loop cable to a reservoir of raw gas of a gas treatment plant, this as regulators use PID gas pressure regulators, characterized in that the system of automatic control of a cluster of gas wells using PID gas pressure regulators constantly maintain the maximum value of the gas pressure P _{bush_f} in the gas reservoir of the well _cluster , provided by the technological regime, by controlling the valves of the regulators of each well, for which the found value of the maximum pressure P _bush for the gas collector of the well _{cluster is fed} to the input of the PID control tasks KKGS, and at the input of the feedback of the PID controllers serves the testimony of the pressure sensor installed in the gas collector of the well _cluster P _{bush_f} , and for each wells determine the integral and differential coefficients, which are introduced into the PID controllers when they are configured, and also search for the maximum pressure value for the KKGS R _bush taking into account the boundary values - the maximum and minimum values of flow rates and pressures in each well, which are determined during periodic gas-hydrodynamic studies of the wells, after which they search for the maximum pressure in the CCGS, the operator of the gas treatment plant in the remote control mode of the CGS the position of each regulator valve, creates such a pressure in the CCGS at which the geological parameters of the wells (flow and pressure) will be between the maximum and minimum restrictions, the pressure is closer to the minimum, and the flow is closer to the maximum, and this pressure in the CCGS is taken as the initial setting pressure in KKGS P _{bush_nach} for PID controllers, then this setting is increased by a value (ΔР) equal to 0.5 ÷ 1% of P _{bush_nach} , P _bush = P _{bush_nach} + ΔP and, when in the process of PID control the pressure in the CCGS reaches the preset value of the P _bush , the next increase in the P _bush by ΔР is made and this process continues until one of the wells in the bush reaches a limit on its minimum pressure or maximum flow rate, or according to the upper position of КР, and this value of the found pressure in the reservoir of gas well _cluster Р _{bush_max} , minus the safety factor (ΔР _cor ), equal to 1 ÷ 3% of Р _{bush_max} , is taken as the maximum pressure - setting Р _bush in this KCHS , P = P _{bush kust_maks} -ΔR _armature. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that by continuously calculating the proportionality coefficients K _{p_c [i]} for each well, the values of which are a linear function of the pressure in the wells P of the wells _[i] ,

constantly redistribute the load between the wells of the cluster in proportion to the geological capabilities of the wells in terms of pressure, which is represented as the ratio of the obtained restrictions and controlled values K _{p_c [i]} = (P _{bore [i]} -P _{min_s [i]} ) ÷ (P _{max_s [i]} -P _{min_s [i]} ) × (K _{p_max_s [i]} -K _{p_min_s [i]} ) + K _{p_min_s [i]} subject to the following conditions: if K _{p_s [i]} <K _{p_min_s [i]} , then K _{p_c [i]} : = K _{p_min_c [i]} , if K _{p_s [i]} > K _{p_max_s [i]} , then K _{p_c [i]} : = K _{p_max_s [i]} , where i is the well number; P wells _[i] - current pressure at the wellhead; P _{min_s [i]} - the minimum pressure at the wellhead; P _{max_s [i]} - maximum pressure at the wellhead; K _{p_min_s [i]} - the minimum values of the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves of the KR cease to move; K _{p_max_s [i]} are the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves KR move with maximum increments. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for each well in the well, its technological process is constantly monitored for the boundaries (its limitations) in terms of pressure, flow and the position of the control valve and in a situation where the wells are operating normally - without going beyond the established boundaries , at the input of the tasks of the PID controllers of the KR wells, one task is given to everyone for setting the pressure P _{bush [i]} , and in the event that the parameters of at least one well go beyond the boundary to return to these limits the ACS KGS corrects the values of the pressure settings th in CCGS P _{bush [i]} as follows: - if the current flow rate F _{well [i]} in one of the wells exceeds the maximum geological limit value F _{well [i]} > F _{max_well [i]} , then the self-propelled guns reduce the pressure setpoint P _{bush [i]} for this well by a value depending on flow deviation values, according to the following algorithm, F _{off_max [i]} = F _{max_s [i]} -F _{well [i]} , if F _{off max [i]} <0, then P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} - (K _{cop_F [i]} × | F _{off_max [i]} |), where i is the well number; F _{max_s [i]} - maximum costs at the wellhead; F _{SLE [i]} - current costs at the wellhead; K _{box_F [i]} - coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS, - if the current flow rate F _{bore [i]} in one of the wells is less than the minimum geological constraint F _{bore [i]} <F _{min_sec [i]} , then the self-propelled guns CGS increases the pressure setting P _{bush [i]} for this well by a value depending on flow deviation values, according to the following algorithm, F _{off_min [i]} = F _{well [i]} -F _{min_s [i]} , if F _{off_min [i]} <0, then P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} + (K _{cop_F [i]} × | F _{off_min [i]} |), where i is the well number; F _{min_s [i]} - the minimum cost at the wellhead; F _{SLE [i]} - current costs at the wellhead; K _{box_F [i]} - coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS, - if the current P _{bore [i]} pressure in one of the wells in the wellbore exceeds the maximum geological limit value P _{bore [i]} > P _{max_sqt [i]} , then the self-propelled guns CGS increase the pressure set point P _{bush [i]} for this well by a value that depends from the pressure deviation, according to the following algorithm, P _{off_max [i]} = P _{max_s [i]} -P _{well [i]} , if P _{off max [i]} <0, then P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} + (K _{cor_P [i]} × | P _{off_max [i]} |), where i is the well number; P _{max_s [i]} - maximum pressure at the wellhead; P _{well [i]} - current pressure at the wellhead; K _kop _ _{P [i]} - coefficients selected when setting the self-propelled guns KGS, - if the current pressure P _{bore [i]} in one of the wells in the well is less than the minimum geological constraint P _{bore [i]} <P _{min_sq [i]} , then the self-propelled guns reduce the pressure set point P _{bush [i]} for this well by a value that depends from the pressure deviation, according to the following algorithm, P _{off_min [i]} = P _{bore [i]} -P _{min_s [i]} , if P _{off_min [i]} <0, then P _{bush [i]} = P _{bush [i]} - (K _{cop_P [i]} × | P _{off_min [i]} |), where i is the well number; P _{min_s [i]} - minimum pressure at the wellhead; R _{SLE [i]} - current pressure at the wellhead; To _{Kor_P [i]} - coefficients selected when adjusting the self-propelled guns KGS, and in a situation when the position of the valve-regulator reaches the limit of the position limit, self-propelled guns KGS disconnects it from the PID controller and fixes the position constraint in the corresponding value. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the deviation ΔР - the actual pressure in the CCGS R _{bush_f} from the setpoint R _{bush is monitored} and the proportionality coefficients of the PID well regulators K _{p_c [i] are adjusted} depending on the magnitude and direction of the pressure deviation ΔР as follows : - if the pressure in KKGS P _{bush_f is} greater than the setting P _{bush_f} > P _bush , then the self-propelled guns KGS changes K _{p_s [i]} upwards for those wells whose pressure is closer to the minimum pressure limit in the well P _{min_s [i]} ; - if the pressure in KKGS P _{bush_f is} less than the setpoint P _{bush_f} <P _bush , then the self-propelled guns KGS changes K _{p_s [i] upward} for those wells whose pressure is closer to the maximum pressure limit in the well P _{max_c [i]} ; - if the calculated K _{p_s [i]} is greater than the maximum value of the proportional coefficient K _{p_max_s [i]} , then the self-propelled guns of KGS for K _{p_s [i]} takes K _{p_max_s [i]]} according to the following algorithm, ΔP = P _{bush_f} -P _bush , ΔK _{p_up_s [i]} = K _{p_max_s [i]} -K _{p_c [i]} , ΔK _{p_down_c [i]} = K _{p_c [i]} -K _{p_min_s [i]} , if ΔP = 0, then K _{p_c [i]} = K _{p_c [i]} , if ΔP <0, then K _{p_c [i]} = K _{p_c [i]} + (ΔK _{p_down_s [i]} × | ΔP |), if ΔP> 0, then K _{p_c [i]} = K _{p_c [i]} + (ΔK _{p_up_c [i]} × | ΔP |), if K _{p_s [i]} > K _{p_max_s [i]} , then K _{p_c [i]} = K _{p_max_s [i]} , where i is the well number; K _{p_max_s [i]} are the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves KR move with maximum increments; K _{p_min_s [i]} - the minimum values of the proportionality coefficients of the PID controllers, at which the control valves KR will stop moving. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when a situation occurs when all the wells in the wellbore have entered the zone of restrictions on pressure, flow rate or the position of the control valve, the control actions are stopped from the PID controllers to the control valves with a message into the automated process control system of the gas treatment plant about the impossibility of maintaining pressure in the gas condensate compressor station.

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