RU2643268C2 - Method of production of briquetted or granulated food - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: for production of briquette or granulated feed, the feed components are chopped, mixed, moistened, briquetted or granulated, dried and cooled. Briquettes and granules are produced on the base of cutting of the field-dried herbs, which is mixed with a dried mixture of chaff and a fine-fraction straw. The content of chaff and fine-fraction straw in briquettes and granules is up to 20% of the mixture. Moistening of the mixture is carried out with an aqueous solution of molasses.

EFFECT: increase nutritional value and reduce the cost of balanced on nutritional value briquetted or granulated food.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for the production of feed from various plant components, and can be used for the preparation of briquetted or granular feed.

A known method of harvesting grain crops, including mowing cereal mass, grinding it, transporting it to a stationary processing station, its primary separation into a long-stemmed fraction used for silage with other fodder crops and a fine fraction of non-blown pile, sent for drying, grinding, separation, separation into grain and floor with the inclusion of short-stem straw, sent for processing and storage (A.S. SU No. 1197589 A, IPC A01D 91/04, 12/15/1985).

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that finely straw and sex have little nutritional value, so they are harvested in a mixture with highly nutritious feed. In addition, they have a low density, which requires a large storage volume and significant capital costs for their construction. The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is the selected as a prototype method for the production of feed in the form of briquettes from plant components, mainly for cattle, namely, in a hospital, the feed components are crushed, mixed, moistened, briquetted, dried and cooled . Before briquetting, coarse fodder is separately crushed in the form of grain production wastes and substandard produce from fruit and vegetable production, which are washed separately, rinsed with running water, and treated with low pressure steam.

Then all the components are mixed until a homogeneous mass is formed, they are filled with molds, briquetted with vibration-pressing pulses, the briquettes are removed from the molds, dried with hot air, and cooled (Patent for the invention RU No. 2296472 C1, IPC A23K 1/20, 07/09/1995 )

The disadvantage of this method is that it takes a lot of labor to prepare the initial components for briquetting, and considerable energy is required to dry the briquettes, which increases the cost of their production.

An object of the invention is to increase the nutritional value and reduce the cost of briquetted or granular feed through the use of a mixture of cutting grass field drying, dried floor and fine straw, animal feed and dressing feed additives.

The problem is achieved in that in the method for the production of briquetted or granular feed, according to the invention, the feed components are crushed, mixed, moistened, briquetted or granulated, dried and cooled, while the briquettes and granules are produced on the basis of cutting field-dried herbs, which are mixed with the dried mixture floor and fine straw, the content of floor and fine straw in briquettes and granules is up to 20% of the mixture, and the mixture is moistened with an aqueous solution of molasses.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. 1 presents the operational-technological scheme for the production of briquetted or granular feed from a mixture of cutting grasses of field drying with various feed components.

A method for the production of briquetted or granular feed based on a mixture of grass cutting with bale and fine straw is to deliver field-dried grass cutting or rolls and bales to the hospital, which grind, mix the cutting and a mixture of floor and small straw, moisten the mixture with an aqueous solution of molasses briquetted or granulated.

Before granulation, the feed mixture is further crushed. Briquettes or granules can contain either up to 20% of a mixture of sex and fine straw or up to 30% of animal feed or up to 20% of dried alcohol stillage or meal, or bone or fish meal, or a mixture thereof.

The method is as follows.

Field-dried grass cutting, rolls and bales are delivered to the hospital, which houses seven production lines I-VII, which include:

I - a line of grass cutting, II - a line of rolls and bales, III - a line of flooring and fine straw, IV - a line of animal feed, dried distillery stillage, or meal, or bone or fish meal, or a mixture thereof, V - a line of mixing and moistening, VI - line briquetting, VII - line granulation.

On lines I-V, feed components are prepared for briquetting or granulation by grinding, feeding and dosing, mixing and moistening.

On lines VI and VII, briquetting or granulation, cooling of briquettes or granules is carried out.

The inclusion of technological lines I-V and VI, and VII in a certain sequence will make it possible to diversify animal feed and produce briquettes or granules from a mixture of cutting grasses of field drying, flooring and fine straw with dressing feed additives or mixtures thereof.

Line I - grass cutting includes operations: grinding 1 rolls of field-dried herbs, delivering 2 cuts to a stationary station, unloading 3 cuts to a feed-metering device.

Line II - rolls or bales - operations: delivery of 4 rolls or bales to a stationary grinding station 5, unloading 6 cutting to a feeding and dosing device.

Line III - flooring and fine straw - operations: transportation 7 and loading into the hopper-dispenser of flooring and fine straw, dosing 8 and feeding into the mixer 11.

Line IV - feed, dried alcohol stillage or meal, or bone or fish meal, or mixtures thereof - operations: transportation and loading into the hopper 9, animal feed, dried alcohol stillage or meal, or bone or fish meal, or a mixture thereof, dosing 10 and feeding into the mixer 11.

Line V - mixing and humidification - operations: mixing and humidification 11.

Line VI - briquetting - operations: briquetting 12, transportation of briquettes 13, cooling 14 briquettes, transportation of 15 briquettes, unloading 16 briquettes in storage.

Line VII - granulation - operations: grinding 17 cutting, granulation 18, loading 19 granules into a cooling column, cooling 20 granules, transporting 21 granules, unloading 22 in storage.

The basis of all rations is the cutting of field-dried herbs and a mixture of floor and fine straw. The diet may include, or up to 20% of a mixture of sex and fine straw, or up to 30% of animal feed, or up to 20% of the addition of dried alcohol stillage, or meal, or bone or fish meal, or a mixture thereof.

For example. Dried grass in the felling to a moisture content of not more than 16-18% is crushed by a forage harvester 1, the vehicle is transported by cutting 2 to a stationary station in line I. It is discharged to a feeding and metering device 3, which directs the cutting to a mixer 11. Delivery to a stationary station is also possible. vehicle 4 rolls or bales of line II, which are crushed in a grinder 5, from which the cutting goes to the feeding and metering device 6 and is sent either to the mixer 11 - line V.

At the same time, up to 20% of the flooring and fine straw delivered to it by conveyor-loading means 7 is fed into the mixer 11 from the metering hopper 8 - line III. In the mixer 11, the feed components are mixed, moistened with an aqueous molasses solution and sent to the briquetting line — VI to the briquette press 12. The rollers of the press 12 capture the feed components received by them and push them into the press chambers. The briquettes leaving the press chambers enter the conveyor 13, which sends them to the hopper cooler 14. After cooling, the briquettes are unloaded into the vehicle 15 and delivered to the storage 16.

In the production of granular feed from the same feed components from the mixer 11, they are sent to the line VII - granulation in the crusher 17, and from it feed is fed into the mixer of the granulator 18, in which they are moistened with an aqueous solution of molasses and sent to the press rollers of the granulator 18. Press the rollers capture the feed that came to them and push them into the holes of the granulator matrix 16. The granules leaving the matrix enter the receiving hopper of the elevator 10 and are fed into the cooling column 20 by its buckets. After cooling the granules in it We are unloaded from it into the vehicle 21 and transported by it to the storage 22.

In the production of feed with the addition of 30% of the feed, feed preparation lines I-III, briquetting lines VI or granulation VII are used.

It is possible to produce briquettes or pellets on lines VI and VII based on a mixture of grass cutting with batch and fine straw, where up to 20% of a mixture of floor and small straw is line I-III, or with the addition of 30% of feed - line IV, or with the addition of dried alcohol stillage or oilcake, or bone or fish meal, or a mixture thereof - line IV - briquetting lines VI or granulation VII.

The economic effect of the introduction of the proposed method is to reduce the cost of harvesting nutritionally balanced briquetted or granular feeds due to their production from field drying herbs, eliminating the high consumption of liquid or gaseous energy carriers in comparison with the technology of their production from artificial drying herbs using drying units.

Claims (1)

Method for the production of briquetted or granular feed, characterized in that the feed components are crushed, mixed, moistened, briquetted or granulated, dried and cooled, while briquettes and granules are produced on the basis of cutting field-dried herbs, which are mixed with a dried mixture of flooring and fine straw , the content of sex and fine straw in briquettes and granules is up to 20% of the mixture, and the mixture is moistened with an aqueous solution of molasses.

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