RU2642949C1 - System for determining concentration of mechanical impurities in commercial and production oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: system for determining the concentration of mechanical impurities in commercial and production oil, including storage areas for membrane filters, drying and cooling zones and a weighing module, as well as elements for dosing, mixing, filtering, washing, drying, weighing the products tested. This system consists of a control and monitoring unit, a robot and a technological unit, functionally consisting of a storage area, a technological zone, a drying and cooling zone, and a weighing zone. In the storage area the tube is installed for the placement of filters, in the technological area - mixing and filtering module as one unit, in drying and cooling zone - drying and cooling module, in the weighing zone - weight module.

EFFECT: reducing the duration and laboriousness of measurements, increasing their accuracy.

7 cl, 1 tbl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to measuring technique and is intended to determine the concentration of solids in crude and produced oil of oil producing enterprises in order to prevent the failure of pumping equipment in commercial oil of oil refineries, as well as for conducting an arbitration analysis of a commercial oil sample.

A known method for determining the concentration of solids in oil (RF patent No. 2269119, etc. from 03.07.2001), based on measuring the concentration of elements of impurities in oil by absorption of x-ray radiation. In this method, the concentration of Fe, Al, Si, which form the corresponding impurities with oxygen, is measured, the amount of oxygen is determined according to the law of multiple ratios, and the amount of impurities in the oil is determined.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for preliminary determination of the composition of mechanical impurities using laboratory chemical analysis, and, as a consequence, the high complexity and duration of the method.

A known method for determining the content of solids in crude and fuel oils by extraction with toluene (ASTM D 473-02 - US standard - Standard Test Method for sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method (Standard test method for sediment in crude oil and fuel oils extraction method), in which a 10-gram oil sample, placed in a glass made of heat-resistant porous material, is extracted with hot toluene, after the extraction is completed (a colorless drop drops from the glass), the glass is dried, cooled and weighed. divide based on the experimentally found mass of a glass, a glass with a sample, a glass with a precipitate.

The disadvantages of this method are the duration of the test, expensive consumables (heat-resistant glass), the difficulty of testing with oil, the water cut of which exceeds 10%.

It is known to use a control and management unit to carry out control actions on the components of the corresponding device (see, for example, Chamber for testing concrete and other solid materials for frost resistance, RU 145755 U1, 03/13/2014 or Device for removing sulfur from fuels, oil and natural bitumen , controlled from a nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometer, RU 73486 U1, 05.20.2008).

It is known to use a robot to move a given object from one part of the system to another (robotic arm) (Tablet for samples, RU 113010 U1, 01/27/2012).

It is known that there are membrane storage zones in the system for determining the concentration of solids in oil products, as well as drying and cooling zones and a weight module GOST 6370-83, Oil, oil products and additives. Method for determination of solids. Put into effect 01.01.1984, ate. ed. 2008, see section 3.), the implementation of the operations of the method involves the availability of appropriate devices (devices) for the implementation of each of them. The laboratory method described in this GOST for determining mechanical impurities in oil, liquid petroleum products and additives is based on filtering the test products previously dissolved in gasoline or toluene through a membrane filter, washing the precipitate obtained on the filter with an appropriate solvent, followed by drying, cooling and weighing the filter. The content of solids is calculated based on the difference in mass of the filters before and after filtration.

The equipment described in GOST is designed for manual use, i.e. laboratory assistant. The equipment includes elements for dosing, mixing, filtering, washing, drying, weighing the tested products in a laboratory way with the obligatory participation in the technological process of testing a laboratory assistant. According to GOST 6370-83, in particular, an ashless paper filter of the brand "White Ribbon" or "Red Ribbon" is used. If there is a disagreement in evaluating the quality of products based on mechanical impurities, a White Filter brand paper filter is used, tests are carried out under the same conditions. A membrane filter is a general term for filters of this type. In the laboratory method, a glass cup with a paper filter is weighed before and after filtration.

The laboratory method (method) used in GOST 6370-83 and the equipment used in it are accepted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the long time the analysis, its complexity, lack of accuracy, significant measurement errors, a significant contribution to which make methodological and subjective errors. It should be noted that the laboratory method described in the prototype for measuring mechanical impurities in oil, liquid oil products and additives using manual equipment described in GOST should be considered inefficient and limiting the widespread use of this method in practice in the oil and oil refining industry .

The technical result of the claimed invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages of the prototype and the development of an automatic system for determining the concentration of solids in oil, which can reduce the measurement error, reduce the total analysis time (two parallel measurements) and the complexity of the process.

The technical result is achieved by solving the technical problem of creating a system for determining the concentration of mechanical impurities in commercial and produced oil, including storage areas for membrane filters, drying and cooling zones and a weight module, as well as elements for dosing, mixing, filtering, washing, drying, weighing test products, characterized in that it consists of a control and monitoring unit, a robot and a process unit, functionally consisting of a storage zone, a technological zone, a drying zone and cooling and weighing zones, while in the storage zone there is a tube for placing filters, in the technological zone there is a mixing and filtering module as a single unit, in the drying and cooling zone there is a drying and cooling module, and in the weighing zone there is a weight module.

(от др. - греч.

- целое, составленное из частей; соединение) - множество элементов, находящихся в отношениях и связях друг с другом, которое образует определенную целостность, единство (Википедия).The term "system" legitimately characterizes the essence of the claimed invention (

(from others - Greek

- a whole made up of parts; connection) - a set of elements that are in relationships and connections with each other, which forms a certain integrity, unity (Wikipedia).

To achieve a technical result, the system is automatic, and the automatic nature of the measurements is provided by the software of the system as a whole, including the control and monitoring unit, as well as a robot, which is designed to automatically move filters from the tube to all modules in accordance with the program of the system, providing automatic measurement concentration of solids. Such a mutually unchanged arrangement of the robot, tube and system modules in the aggregate makes it possible to ensure the operation of the system in automatic mode. In other words, the presence of a robot with software determines the fixed position (unique positioning) of the tube, all modules and the manipulator itself in the system. Failure to comply with this prerequisite will not allow the correct use of the program for the robot and will make it impossible for the system as a whole to work in an automated mode. This ensures the implementation of constructive unity and the implementation of the system of general functional purpose (functional unity), ensuring the achievement of the claimed technical result. All modules and tube system use a single filter design, consisting of cartridges with filter elements, according to the claimed invention. The gripping clip of the robot is also linked to the design of the cartridge.

In addition, the system is characterized in that the tube for accommodating filters is multi-story. High-rise refers to the location of cartridges on shelves located at different levels. In the main embodiment, the tube is made of aluminum and has 48 floors to accommodate 48 filters, the cartridges are also made of aluminum.

In addition, the system is characterized by the fact that the filter element is made using a medium-porosity anesthetized filter, for example, the “White Ribbon” type (anesthetized filter for analysis, specific gravity - 80 g / sq., Filtration time - 20 sec .; properties: average pore size, high filtration rate; main applications: coarse precipitation; silver, arsenic, ammonium, cadmium, lead, iron and manganese sulfides, lead chromate, alkaline earth carbonates).

In this case, the filter element consists of a cartridge and a paper filter, and the cartridge includes upper and lower aluminum disks, and the paper filter is an ashless paper filter of the brand "White Ribbon", installed between these disks. Thus, the term “filter” for the ease of its professional use means essentially the filter assembly (cartridge and paper filter) and is hereinafter referred to as “filter”.

The paper filter is placed in the lower aluminum disk of the cartridge, the design of which (the presence of a lateral annular recess) allows you to take the whole filter with the help of a gripping clamp of the manipulator, without damaging the paper filter. The upper aluminum disk presses the paper filter against the lower disk of the cartridge, fixing it firmly and preventing it from falling out or being damaged.

In addition, the system is characterized in that the mixing and filtering module consists of the following elements:

- a mixing funnel mounted on the platform, on top of the mixing funnel there is a lid in which there is a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the oil and toluene mixture in the mixing funnel and an opening for the tube connecting the mixing funnel with a telescopic adapter to the Coriolis flowmeter;

- telescopic adapter and compensator, raising and lowering the upper funnel lid with the help of an actuator;

- a filtering unit, consisting of an upper funnel lid and a lower funnel, inside which a filter is placed during the filtering operation;

- Coriolis mass flowmeter with an installed solenoid valve for feeding toluene.

In addition, the system is characterized in that the drying and cooling module consists of 2 drying sectors and 2 cooling sectors located in an aluminum frame, opened and closed with actuators.

In addition, the system is characterized in that the weight module consists of a weight cell standing on a marble slab, which is placed in an organic glass case with a fluoroplastic door, an actuator that opens and closes the door of the weight module.

In addition, the system is characterized in that it is an automated installation for determining the concentration of solids in salable and produced oil, which can be made stationary or mobile.

The system allows automatically, without the direct participation of a laboratory assistant, to determine the content of solids in oil in accordance with GOST 6370-83. The essence of the claimed invention is schematically represented in the drawings, where: FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of system zones with respect to each other; FIG. 2 - lower disk cartridge; FIG. 3 - section of the lower disk of the cartridge; FIG. 4 - tube with cartridges; FIG. 5 - module mixing and filtering; FIG. 6 - drying and cooling module; FIG. 7 - drying and cooling module (rear view); FIG. 8 - weight module.

The system is presented in the form of an automated installation 1 and consists of a robot 2, a technological unit, which includes a storage zone 3, a technological zone 4, in which mixing, filtering and dosing (dosing), drying and cooling zones 5, weight module 6 are carried out (FIG. . 1), as well as a control and management unit (not shown).

A paper filter (not shown) is placed on the upper part 7 of the lower inner shelf of the lower disk 8 of the aluminum cartridge (FIG. 2), the cross section of which is shown in FIG. 3. Then the upper disk of the cartridge is inserted, pressing the paper filter, then the upper disk is rotated and fixed motionless due to the presence of curly protrusions in the upper part of the upper disk of the cartridge.

Storage zone 3 is an aluminum tube 9 with floors 10 for accommodating filters, each of which consists of an upper cartridge disk (not shown) ', a lower cartridge disk 8 and a paper filter (not shown), which together are hereinafter referred to as the filter. To remove and place the tube 9 in the installation 1, a handle 11 is provided (Fig. 4). In the main embodiment, a tube with 48 floors is used. The tube can be fixed motionless in the system.

Technological zone 4 is a mixing and filtering module made in the form of a single unit 12 and shown in detail in FIG. 5. In the technological zone 4, the processes of washing the filter with toluene before the start of the analysis, as well as dilution with toluene and their further filtering and washing during the analysis itself are carried out. In the technological zone 4, there is a mixing funnel 13 mounted on the platform 14. On the mixing funnel 13 a lid 15 is located on top, in which there is a hole 16 for a tube connecting the mixing funnel 13 to a Coriolis flow meter (not shown), an electromagnetic valve 17 for feeding toluene is installed and a thermocouple 18 for measuring the temperature of the mixture of oil and toluene in the mixing funnel 13. In a single unit 12 are:

- a filtering assembly 19, consisting of an upper funnel lid 20 and a lower funnel 21, inside which a cartridge with a paper filter is placed;

- telescopic adapter 22 and compensator 23, raising the top cover funnel 20 using the actuator 24;

- electromagnetic valves 25 and 26, opening and closing the corresponding holes, for liquid to enter the drain area 27.

The drying (desiccation) and cooling zone 5 is a drying and cooling module 28 (Fig. 6, 7), including 2 drying sections 29 and 30 and 2 cooling sections 31 and 32, placed in an aluminum frame 33, opened and closed using actuators 34 and 35.

The weight module 36 (Fig. 8) is a weight cell 37, standing on a marble slab 38, placed in a case made of organic glass 39 with a fluoroplastic door 40. Actuator 41 opens the door of the weight module 36 during operation of the robot 2. The automatic installation works as follows.

The analysis begins with the robot 2 taking the filter with its grasping clamp by the outer side recess of the lower disk 8 of the aluminum cartridge (Fig. 2, 3), from the lower floor of storage zone 3 (Fig. 1) and transporting it to the technological zone 4, presented a single unit 12 of the mixing and filtering module (Fig. 5). Storage area 3 is an aluminum tube with 48 floors to accommodate filters (cartridges with paper filters). In technological zone 4 (mixing, filtering and dosing), the filter is washed with toluene before analysis, as well as 50 g of oil are diluted with 200 ml of toluene and then filtered and washed during the analysis itself. The filtering process of the sample is as follows: the tube inserted into the hole 16 connects the mixing funnel 13 with a Coriolis flowmeter (not shown), which doses 50 g of oil pumped through it into the mixing funnel 13 installed on the platform 14. A 24 V voltage supply opens the electromagnetic valve 17 and the pump is turned on, as a result of which 200 ml of toluene enters the mixing funnel 13 within thirty seconds. After the supply of toluene, the pump is turned off and the valve 17 is closed, in the funnel 13, the mixture of oil and toluene begins to heat up to 80 ° C (the heating is switched on by applying a voltage of 220 V to the controller). The temperature in the funnel 13 is controlled by a thermocouple 18. A constant voltage of positive polarity +24 V (with a plus sign) is applied to the actuator 24, as a result of which the telescopic adapter 22 and the compensator 23 raise the cover (upper funnel) of the filtering unit 19. At this time manipulator 2 moves the filter from the drying (desiccation) zone to the filtration zone. The actuator 24 is supplied with a DC voltage of negative polarity -24 V (with a minus sign) and the funnel of the filtering unit - the upper 20 and lower 21 are hermetically closed. Valves 25 and 26 are opened and the vacuum created in the discharge zone 27 draws the sample out of the funnel 13 through the filtering zone. At the end of the filtration, valve 17 opens and the pump is turned on, toluene flows into the funnel 13, the created vacuum draws the toluene into the discharge zone 27, as a result of this action the funnel 9 and the filter with sediment are washed. Rinsing a clean filter before starting the analysis is carried out in the same way: valves 17, 25 and 26 are open, a pump is operating that feeds toluene to the funnel 13; the created vacuum draws toluene through the filter funnels 20 and 21 and filter 7.

At the end of the filtering process, washing, the robot moves the filter to the drying areas, then to the cooling areas. In FIG. Figures 6 and 7 show a double drying and cooling zone used in an automated system for analyzing the concentration of suspended particles (EHF). When a voltage of -24 V and a voltage of +24 V are applied to the actuator 34, the drying sections 29, 30 are opened respectively (the process can occur both simultaneously and at different times): robot 2 transports the filters from the filtering zone to the drying zone; when applying +24 V voltage to the actuator 34 and -24 V voltage to the actuator 35 and the drying sections are closed. The heating of the drying sections is switched on by supplying 220 V to special controllers (not shown). At the end of the drying of the filter, the drying sections 29, 30 open (actuator 34 voltage -24 V, actuator 35 voltage +24 V), the robot picks up the filter, then the drying (desiccation) sections 31, 32 open when applying +24 V voltage to the actuator 34 and voltage -24 V to the actuator 35 (the drying sections are closed at the same time), the robot puts a filter in them, and they are closed (the actuator 34 is -24 V, the actuator 35 is +24 V).

The control action in this determination method is weighing the filter before and after the process of filtering oil samples through it. Weighing is always carried out after drying and cooling of the filters. The weight module 36 (Fig. 8) operates as follows. When a voltage of -24 V is applied to the actuator 41, the door of the weighing module opens, and the robot puts the filter transported from the cooling zone onto the pan 42. Actuator 41 (+24 V) closes the door, and information is read from the balance. Upon completion of weighing, the actuator 41 (-24 V) opens the door of the weighing module 36 and the robot transports the filter back to the storage area on the same floor from which it was taken.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the location of the various installation zones relative to each other. To carry out a parallel analysis of 2 oil samples to determine the content of solids, Robot 2 captures and transfers filter No. 1 from the lower floor of storage zone 3 (tube 9) to the filtration funnel 13 of the mixing and filtration module for washing the filter with toluene in an amount of about 25 ml under a vacuum. After that, the robot 2 moves the filter No. 1 to the drying section 29 for 45 minutes 2 minutes after the start of drying the filter No. 1, robot 2 transfers the filter No. 2 from the second floor of the tube 9 to the filter funnel 13 of the mixing and filter module 4 for washing. After that, filter No. 2 is transferred by robot 2 to the drying section 30 for 45 minutes. At the end of drying, filter No. 1 is transferred to the cooling section 31 for 30 minutes, after which it is weighed in weight block 36 — the first reading of filter No. 1 is read - clean. After drying, filter No. 2 is transferred to cooling section 32 for 51 minutes. After weighing, filter No. 1 enters filtration zone 3. Approximately 2 minutes before the end of cooling of filter No. 2, 50 g of heated oil sample (sample No. 1) is supplied to mixing funnel 13 (then, 200 ml of toluene). After that, the filtering process (minimum 15 minutes) and washing (5-7 minutes) of sample No. 1 lasts for an average of 25 minutes. At the end of filtering sample No. 1, filter No. 1 moves to the drying section 29 for 45 minutes. At the end of cooling, filter No. 2 enters weighing zone 5 (the first reading of filter No. 2 is read - clean). Next, filter No. 2 enters the filtration funnel 13 of the mixing and filtering module 4 for filtering and washing the oil sample of sample No. 2 mixed in a mixing funnel with 200 ml of 80-degree toluene, after which filter No. 2 enters the drying section 30 for 45 minutes. At the end of drying, filter No. 1 enters the cooling section 31, then - weighing zone 6 (the second reading of filter No. 1 is read with mechanical impurities). After the analysis is completed, robot 2 transports filter No. 1 from the weight module to the lower floor of the storage area (to the same place it was taken from). After drying, filter No. 2 is cooled in the cooling section 32, for 30 minutes, weighed in zone 6 (the second reading of filter No. 2 is read with mechanical impurities) and goes back to the second floor of the storage area.

,At the end of the parallel analysis of 2 samples in the control unit (not shown), the mass fraction of mechanical impurities in each of the tested samples is calculated by the formula:

,

where m- ₁ is the mass of the cartridge with a paper filter and mechanical impurities, g;

m ₂ - the mass of the cartridge with a clean prepared paper filter, g;

m ₃ is the mass of the oil sample introduced into the system,

The arithmetic average of the results of two parallel determinations, which is automatically recorded in the test report, is taken as the test result.

To test the operability of the claimed invention, 24 standard samples were prepared (suspension of silicon carbide grade 63C of grain size M28 (GOST 26327-84) in transformer oil T-750 (GOST 982-80)) with 12 different concentrations of solids: 0.005; 0.015; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7; 0.9; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0. For each standard sample, 2 parallel measurements were performed on an automated installation according to the claimed invention.

The results of measurements carried out using the claimed invention are 1.5 times better in terms of convergence than the results of measurements performed according to GOST 6370-83 manually (Table 1)

Parallel analysis of 2 samples of the claimed method lasts 3.43 hours, while analysis of 2 samples by a laboratory method takes 6.5 hours.

The functioning of the proposed technical solution - a system for determining the concentration of solids in commercial and produced oil - is to automatically determine the concentration of solids in oil, operational quality control of salable and produced oil.

Due to the automatic execution of all operations of the determination process, for example, operations to move the filters into the drying, washing, cooling, weighing, filtering zones, as well as mechanically performing the filtration and weighing processes, the complexity of the process is reduced. The laboratory technician performing the analysis only needs to provide an oil sample and print the test report at the end of the determination.

The presence of a double zone of drying and cooling, the ability to perform several analysis processes at the same time (which cannot be done when the laboratory assistant is analyzing), and the automatic calculation of the results can reduce the total time of two parallel measurements to 3.43 hours.

The possibility of automatic dosing, filtration, washing and, most importantly, weighing, as well as strict adherence to the time frame for performing all operations to determine mechanical impurities leads to a decrease in operator or subjective errors and, as a result, to an increase in the accuracy of measurements.

Technical and economic advantages of the invention are to reduce the duration and complexity of the measurements, as well as to increase their accuracy.

Claims (11)

1. A system for determining the concentration of solids in commodity and produced oil, including storage areas for membrane filters, drying and cooling zones and a weight module, as well as elements for dosing, mixing, filtering, washing, drying, weighing the test products, characterized in that it consists of a control and monitoring unit, a robot and a technological unit, functionally consisting of a storage zone, a technological zone, a drying and cooling zone and a weighing zone, while a tube for p zmescheniya filters in the processing zone - mixing module and filtering in a single unit, in a drying zone and cooling - drying and cooling unit, the weighing zone - weighting module. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube for accommodating the filters is multi-story. 3. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that the filter element is made using an anesthetized filter of medium porosity. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing and filtering module consists of the following elements: - a mixing funnel mounted on the platform, on top of the mixing funnel there is a lid in which there is a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the oil and toluene mixture in the mixing funnel and an opening for the tube connecting the mixing funnel with a telescopic adapter to the Coriolis flowmeter; - telescopic adapter and compensator, raising and lowering the upper funnel lid with the help of an actuator; - a filtering unit, consisting of an upper funnel lid and a lower funnel, inside which a filter is placed during the filtering operation; - Coriolis mass flowmeter with an installed solenoid valve for feeding toluene. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying and cooling module consists of 2 drying sectors and 2 cooling sectors located in an aluminum frame, opened and closed by means of actuators. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the weighing module consists of a weighing cell standing on a marble slab, which is placed in a case made of organic glass with a fluoroplastic door, an actuator that opens and closes the door of the weighing module. 7. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that it is an automated installation for determining the concentration of mechanical impurities in commercial and produced oil, which can be made stationary or mobile.

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