RU2641551C2 - Device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces of buildings and structures of large sizes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: device for the repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces of buildings and structures of large sizes comprises an upper horizontal guide frame, a lower horizontal guide frame, an upper movable carriage with three retractable consoles of a changeable overhang, a lower movable carriage with two retractable consoles of a changeable overhang, inclined bearing guide rope branches, a traction rope, a traction winch, a load basket for lifting workers with a load, drives for retracting the consoles at the upper and lower carriages, movement drives of the upper and lower carriages, tension devices of the inclined bearing guide rope branches, tension control devices of inclined bearing guide rope branches, fastening elements of the structures. It has at least two parallel inclined bearing guide rope branches equipped with the tension devices and the tension control devices and tensioned with a natural dip; the upper ends of the inclined bearing guide rope branches are rigidly fixed in the retractable consoles of the upper carriage; the lower ends of the inclined bearing guide rope branches are rigidly fixed in the retractable consoles of the lower carriage through the tension and tension control devices of the bearing rope branches; the upper and the lower carriages are mounted in the upper and lower horizontal guide frames with the possibility of moving along them; the load basket rests on not less than two spaced points on each bearing rope branch; the load basket is fixed to the inclined bearing guide rope branches with the possibility of moving upwards with them by means of the traction cable wound on the traction winch drum through the bypass block of the traction winch console.

EFFECT: implementing the task of creating a device for the maintenance of radio receivers of large-sized inclined antenna webs of stationary radar stations of a missile attack warning system.

11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction, repair and restoration, as well as maintenance of large-sized buildings and structures having large inclined surfaces.

State of the art

Closest to the proposed invention is “A device for mounting oversized structural elements, lifting loads and performing work in hard-to-reach places of high-rise structures”, Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2231602 C2, which is accepted as the main analogue (prototype). From the present proposed invention described in the RF Patent No. 2231602 C1, the device has the following differences:

- provides access only to one predefined zone of the structure, but does not provide access to another zone of the structure without complete dismantling of the device, without additional calculations and subsequent installation of the device at a new technological position;

- contains only one inclined bearing guide wire rope branch, consisting of only one cable string, which makes it impossible for a clear spatial fixation of the cargo basket over the serviced section of the structure due to its swinging;

- has only one suspension point of the cargo trolley on an inclined supporting guide wire rope branch, which also makes it impossible for a clear spatial fixation of the cargo basket over the serviced section of the structure due to its swinging;

- the device is not part of the structure and is completely dismantled at the end of repair and maintenance work.

Known "Device for the transportation of goods", Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2116415 C1. The cargo basket of this device can move both vertically and horizontally, however, in contrast to the present proposed invention, has the following differences:

- does not have inclined bearing guides of the rope branches, movable in the horizontal direction;

- the cargo basket hangs only on traction freight ropes and provides service exclusively vertical flat surfaces;

- is not part of the structure and must be dismantled after completion of work. The well-known "Mobile elevator for maintenance of large-format image display devices", application for invention No. 2012 149 484. The device for this application has the following differences from the present proposed invention:

- does not have inclined bearing guides of the rope branches, moved in the horizontal direction along the served surface;

- guides for the movement of the cargo basket are rigid, are installed on an ongoing basis and are not removed from the front of the serviced surface after completion of work;

- a load basket to service another surface area is mounted each time in a different pair of rails.

Known inclined rope hoists with cable traction according to the Patents of the Russian Federation RU 2009 919 C1 from 03.30.1994 and RU 2000 271 C1 from 07.09.1993, designed for skidding of wood. These elevators contain a supporting rope, a traction rope, bypass blocks, which allow for the delivery of logs from the place of felling to a timber warehouse. These lifts are analogues of the device according to the RF Patent RU 2231602 C2 and have the same differences from the device according to the proposed invention.

Known inclined cable hoists and inclined lifting installations on a cable traction according to the Patents of the Russian Federation RU 2501730 C2, RU 2234452 C1, RU 2168630 C1, RU 2022905 C1, RU 2009 099 C1, RU 2537930 C1. However, they all have the same main and common differences for all from the present proposed invention:

- the freight trolley does not move along inclined bearing guiding cable branches, but along rigid inclined rail guides, or along inclined hard surfaces on rollers;

- the freight trolley moves only in a given inclined corridor and does not have the ability to move in a direction perpendicular to the inclined corridor in the horizontal direction;

- the cargo trolley is in firm contact with the inclined surface and rests on it.

Known lifts for Patents of the Russian Federation RU 2442621 C1, RU 2355623 C2 and RU 2351528 C2. However, these devices differ from the proposed invention in that their cargo baskets move strictly in the vertical direction along rigid guides fixedly mounted in the outer wall of the building or structure, or being part of this structure. The aforementioned lifts are designed exclusively for vertical movement.

Mobile cableways were also considered as analogues.

Known mobile cableways according to the Patents of the Russian Federation RU 2287444 C1, RU 2283787 C1, RU 2400384 C1, RU 2247671 C1, RU 2269443 C1, RU 2324613 C1. These devices have drive and tension stations that are mounted on vehicles (automobile chassis), are driven by the propulsion systems of these vehicles and are designed to quickly organize in-line delivery of goods from one platform to another located at a different elevation, in conditions where It is difficult and economically impractical to organize automobile crossings. The drive and tension stations, as well as the intermediate supports, are installed motionlessly using the standard support structures of the vehicle and can not move horizontally either along the ropes or perpendicular to them. Such cableways have only one traction rope, the total length of which during operation can vary depending on the load and be compensated by a tension station. The distance from the cargo basket to the inclined surface cannot be within specified rigid limits and does not guarantee the absence of physical contact of the cargo cart with the inclined surface, which is not required under the conditions of operation of the said railways. The described mobile cableway does not provide a clear spatial fixation of the cargo basket over the desired section of the inclined surface at a given distance. Technical solutions implemented in these ropeways cannot be used to create a device for servicing, repairing and installing RPU antenna cloth.

Known "Cableway" according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 636120. This cable car has a drive and tension stations located at the foot of the mountain and at the top of the mountain. The drive and traction stations have the ability to move along the rails in the horizontal direction along the portion of the serviced hillside, and thus the entire portion of the hillside is serviced. The cable car does not have two separate (traction and carrier) ropes, but only has one traction-bearing rope with a variable sag, which is controlled by moving along the rails of the drive or tension station, their mutual approach or removal. A freight trolley with a wheelset is fixed on the towing rope in case of contact with irregularities of the hillside and movement of the trolley on the surface of the hillside. The described cableway does not provide a clear spatial fixation of the cargo trolley over the desired section of the hillside at a given distance. Moreover, the design provides for periodic long-term physical contact of the cargo trolley with the serviced hillside. Technical solutions implemented in this cableway cannot be used to create a device for servicing, repairing and installing RPUs of an inclined antenna sheet.

As a prototype of the invention adopted "Device for mounting oversized structural elements, lifting loads and carrying out work in hard-to-reach places of high-rise structures", Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2231602 C2.

A patent study allows us to state that the proposed "Device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces of buildings and structures of large sizes" has an obvious novelty in comparison with the studied analogues and contains all the features of the invention.

Disclosure of invention

The device is designed to work in inaccessible places at high altitude and contains:

- upper horizontal guide frame;

- lower horizontal guide frame;

- The upper mobile carriage with three retractable consoles of variable departure;

- lower mobile carriage with two pull-out consoles of variable departure;

- inclined bearing guide rope branches;

- traction rope;

- traction winch;

- a cargo basket for lifting workers with cargo;

- drives extension consoles on the upper and lower carriages;

- drives moving the upper and lower carriages;

- devices for tensioning inclined bearing guides of rope branches;

- devices for controlling the tension of inclined bearing guides of the cable branches;

- fastening elements of structures;

- means of ensuring the safety of work.

The essence of the proposed invention is that:

- the device has at least two parallel inclined bearing guides of the cable branches, which are located at a distance equal to the width of the cargo basket, and are rigidly fixed in the sliding consoles of the upper carriage and in the sliding consoles of the lower carriage through tension devices and tension control devices of the inclined bearing guides rope branches;

- each of the inclined bearing guides of the rope branches consists of one bearing cable string or several parallel bearing cable strings formed by passing one rope through a system of leveling blocks in order to equally distribute the load on each bearing cable string and, as a result, the possibility of reducing the diameter of the rope;

- the cargo basket rests on each inclined supporting guide wire rope branch at least at two points located from each other at a certain distance;

- the total number of points of support of the cargo basket on inclined bearing guide ropes is at least four (in the presence of two bearing inclined guide ropes), which provides a clear fixation of the spatial position of the cargo basket over the serviced section of the inclined surface without physical contact with it;

- the presence of at least four fulcrum points not located on one straight line eliminates the swing of the cargo basket when exposed to wind and other accidental influences and, as a result, eliminates the accidental physical contact of the cargo basket with the surface being served when exposed to wind;

- the movement of the cargo basket along the parallel inclined load-bearing guides of the cable branches is provided by the traction rope, passed through the bypass block of the console of the traction winch of the upper mobile carriage to the winch located on this carriage;

- consoles of the upper and lower mobile carriages are made with a variable reach, which makes it possible to bring the basket closer to the serviced inclined surface or to remove the basket from the serviced inclined surface;

- the upper carriage and the lower carriage synchronously move horizontally along the guide frames, which together with the traction winch that moves the cargo basket in an inclined direction, provides the possibility of delivery of the cargo basket to any part of the inclined surface;

- all components and parts of the device are mounted on a building or structure permanently and are part of the building or structure;

- at the end of the repair and maintenance work on the inclined flat surface, the cargo basket is removed from the inclined bearing guides of the cable branches, the carriage and console are brought to their extreme initial position and, thus, the entire device is removed to the spaces specially provided in the building or structure.

The invention is associated with the rapid development of the construction industry, the creation of buildings and structures of large sizes and complex configurations. Buildings and structures of great height appeared, with complex external contours, including inclined, oblique and curved surfaces. For the repair of such surfaces, their maintenance requires original technical devices.

In modern buildings with new architectural concepts of facades, inclined, oblique and curved glazed surfaces are used, however, the largest dimensions of inclined and oblique surfaces usually do not exceed 20 meters. Due to their small size and light loads, such fixed surfaces are usually provided with stationary openwork metal structures in the form of bridges, racks, stairs, arches, etc. with fences and insurance for workers during the work. All these structures are elements of architectural decor, are additionally used as advertising structures and do not negatively affect the appearance of a large building or structure.

In recent years, large-sized structures have appeared, having inclined surfaces measuring more than 50 m both in height and in width. Such structures, in particular, include stationary radar stations of the Missile Attack Warning System. The fixed inclined antenna sheet of such a radar station has dimensions up to 60 m both in width and in height. From the effects of rain, snow, atmospheric dust, sudden gusts of wind, direct solar radiation, accidental and deliberate physical influences from the outside, the antenna sheet is protected by a radiotransparent shelter (RPU). A radiotransparent shelter is installed so that between it and the antenna sheet there is a guaranteed air gap. The radiotransparent shelter is made of polymeric materials, has a low bearing capacity, and therefore physical contact of the radiotransparent shelter with the elements of the Device for repair and maintenance is not allowed. One of the main tactical and technical characteristics of a radar station is the ability to quickly perform the sequence of the following technological operations: turning off the antenna, deploying the Device for repair and maintenance to its working position, putting it on the antenna sheet over the damaged section of the RPU, repairing and servicing the damaged section of the RPU, and outputting for repair and maintenance from the antenna sheet and turning it into a non-working position, turning on the antenna and returning it to normal operation you.

The creation of bridge and staircase metal structures for servicing the RPU of such an antenna sheet is practically excluded due to the following reasons:

- The normal operation of a radar station to a large extent depends on the presence of passive interference generated at the input and output of the radar station as a result of the scattering of electromagnetic waves by objects located both in the radiation and reception of radio waves and in the immediate vicinity of the front of the antenna sheet, in the area of the spatial angle 120 ° around the perpendicular to the antenna sheet throughout its area. Therefore, in these areas should not be any metal and other radio-opaque structures and objects, because these obstacles and interference lead to the appearance of scattering, reflecting, resonant and other factors that distort the information being processed and lead to inaccurate data on the observed or accompanied air or space object.

- Creation of mobile bridge span structures such as a transborder with a span of about 60 m without intermediate supports for servicing the RPU antenna is a difficult technical task related to ensuring the strength and spatial rigidity of both the bridge structure and the antenna bearing structure. Such a design will be large and heavy, for its movement above the antenna sheet, powerful drive devices will be required. To remove such a structure from the front of the antenna sheet without dismantling it is an even more difficult technical task. In addition, the creation of such structures requires large financial costs, the use of unique equipment and technologies for their manufacture, delivery and installation, as well as for their repair and maintenance.

To solve the problem of repair, maintenance and installation of RPU antenna cloth without physical contact RPU with the elements of the Device in the radiation zone of the antenna during normal operation of the station, the authors propose technical solutions and the Device, the composition and principle of which are given in the description of the invention and in a brief description of the drawings.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to accomplish the task of creating a device for servicing RPUs of large inclined antenna canvases of stationary radar stations of the Missile Attack Warning System with the following capabilities:

- providing access to any section of the antenna sheet and fixing the cargo basket above this section;

- the exception of the physical contact of the elements of the device with RPU antenna cloth;

- providing a predetermined distance (gap) between the cargo basket and the selected portion of the RPU of the antenna sheet;

- the withdrawal of the device from the front of the antenna sheet without dismantling it.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The composition of the device, the relationship of the elements of the device and the principle of its operation are shown in FIG. 1, 2 and 3, where:

1 - antenna body;

2 - antenna cloth.

The device according to the proposed invention consists of the following main elements:

3 - upper horizontal guide frame;

4 - lower horizontal guide frame;

5 - upper carriage with three pull-out consoles of variable departure;

6 - lower carriage with two pull-out consoles of variable departure;

7 - retractable console of the upper carriage;

8 - retractable console lower carriage;

9 - retractable console traction winch with a bypass unit;

10 - inclined bearing guide rope branches;

11 - traction rope;

12 - traction winch;

13 - a cargo basket for lifting workers with cargo;

14 - drive extension consoles on the upper and lower carriages;

15 - drives moving the upper and lower carriages;

16 - tension device bearing cable branches;

17 - control device tension bearing cable branches;

The upper horizontal guide frame 3 and the lower horizontal guide frame 4 are rigidly mounted in the housing of the antenna 1 and become part of its supporting metal structure.

The device operates as follows.

Position "N" - inoperative.

The device is in the idle position "N". The device is located outside the front of the antenna web 2 in the storage area on the antenna body 1. The upper carriage 5 and the lower carriage 6 are in the right extreme position, the arms 7, 8 and 9 are pulled into the carriages, the inclined support guide wire branches 10 and the traction rope 11 are laid on prepared storage surfaces and experience a tensile load only of its own weight.

To bring the device into working condition, the following operations are performed.

С помощью приводов выдвижения консолей 14:

Using extension arms for consoles 14:

- extend the console 7 of the upper carriage;

- extend the console 8 of the lower carriage;

- extends the console 9 of the traction winch.

При помощи устройств натяжения наклонных несущих направляющих канатных ветвей 16 и устройства контроля натяжения 17 производится натяжение наклонных несущих направляющих канатных ветвей 10 с допустимым расчетным усилием и естественным провисанием, обеспечивающим заданную величину отклонения наклонной несущей направляющей канатной ветви от прямой линии на величину α (см. фиг. 2).

Using the devices for tensioning the inclined bearing guide ropes 16 and the tension monitoring device 17, the tension of the inclined bearing guide ropes 10 is carried out with an allowable design force and natural sag, providing a given value of the deviation of the inclined supporting guide wire rope from a straight line by α (see Fig. . 2).

Грузовая корзина 13 штатными грузоподъемными средствами (автокраном) устанавливается на наклонные несущие направляющие канатные ветви 10 в нижнем положении и страхуется от соскока с наклонных несущих направляющих канатных ветвей. После этого корзину цепляют за крюк тягового каната 11 и производят натяжение тягового каната 11 с помощью тяговой лебедки 12 до появления зазора между тяговым канатом и поверхностью его хранения.

The cargo basket 13 by regular lifting means (truck crane) is installed on the inclined bearing guide wire branches 10 in the lower position and is insured against a jump from the inclined bearing guide wire branches. After that, the basket is hooked to the hook of the traction rope 11 and the traction rope 11 is tensioned using the traction winch 12 until a gap appears between the traction rope and its storage surface.

The device is ready for operation and by synchronously moving the upper carriage 5 along the upper horizontal guide frame 3 and the lower carriage 6 along the lower horizontal guide frame 4 using the drives to move the carriages 15 is displayed in the operating position "P" to the left above the antenna sheet 2 to the intended site of work .

Position "P" - working.

The device is in working position. In the lower position of the cargo basket 13, the necessary materials, tools, and also the landing of the workers are loaded into it. After the workers settled down in the cargo basket 13 in their regular places and secured themselves with safety means, a command is issued to lift the cargo basket 13. The traction winch 12 is turned on, which, winding the traction rope 11 through the bypass unit of the extension console 9 of the traction winch 12 onto the drum, produces the lifting of the cargo basket 13 along parallel inclined bearing guide cable branches 10 to a predetermined section of the antenna sheet 2. The cargo basket is fixed above a predetermined section of the antenna sheet 2, after which the workers zvodyat necessary repairs and maintenance section of the antenna web. At the end of the repair and maintenance of a given section of the antenna sheet, the cargo basket 13 with the help of the traction winch 12 and the traction rope 11 is lowered to its lowest position. Workers are unloaded from the cargo basket. After that, the device can be moved to the right or left to perform work on another section of the antenna sheet. To do this, workers are again placed in the cargo basket, the necessary materials and tools are loaded, and the equipped cargo basket rises to another section of the antenna sheet.

At the end of the work, when the cargo basket is in the lowest position and there are no workers in it, the device moves to position “N”. In this position, the traction rope 11 is loosened, the hook of the traction rope is detached from the load basket 13, and the load basket itself is exempted from insurance, removed from the inclined load-bearing guides of the cable branches and taken away for storage. Then the console 9 of the traction winch 12 is retracted, and the traction rope 11 remains to lie on the storage surface intended for it. After that, the cantilevers 8 of the lower carriage 6 are retracted, then the cantilevers 7 of the upper carriage 5 are retracted. The inclined bearing guide cable branches 10 are lying on the storage surfaces intended for them. In this case, the tensile load on the inclined bearing guiding rope branches is equal only to their own weight.

The device is removed from the front of the antenna sheet and is in the idle position "N".

In FIG. 1 shows the contours of a stationary antenna with an inclined antenna sheet and a device located on the antenna in the working "P" and non-working "N" positions.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna with the device in the “P” operating position.

In FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna with the device in the idle position “H”.

The implementation of the invention

The invention will be used at the facilities of the Missile Attack Warning System of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The device proposed by the present invention can be manufactured in enterprises specializing in the manufacture of hoisting-and-transport machines and mechanisms.

Technical solutions contained in the invention can be used to create devices designed for maintenance, diagnostics, restoration and repair of large inclined surfaces of buildings, structures, antenna sheets, dams of hydroelectric power stations, slopes, slopes, etc.

Claims (11)

1. Device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces of buildings and structures of large sizes, comprising an upper horizontal guide frame, a lower horizontal guide frame, an upper movable carriage with three extendable arms of variable reach, a lower movable carriage with two extendable arms of variable reach, inclined wire rope guides branches, traction rope, traction winch, load basket for lifting workers with cargo, extension arms for consoles on the upper and lower carriages, the movement of the upper and lower carriages, the tension device of the inclined load-bearing guide wire ropes, the device for monitoring the tension of the inclined load-bearing guide wire ropes, structural fastening elements, characterized in that it has at least two parallel inclined load-bearing guide wire ropes, equipped with tension devices and devices tension control and tensioned with natural sag, providing an allowable tension force of the bearing cable branches and a given load capacity; the upper ends of the inclined bearing guides of the cable branches are rigidly fixed in the sliding consoles of the upper carriage; the lower ends of the inclined bearing cable guiding branches are rigidly fixed in the sliding consoles of the lower carriage through the tension and tension control devices of the bearing cable branches; the upper and lower carriages are mounted in the upper and lower horizontal guide frames with the ability to move along them; the cargo basket is supported by at least two spaced points on each bearing cable branch, which provides at least four support points of the cargo basket on the bearing cable branches and, as a result, its spatial stability; the cargo basket is mounted on inclined load-bearing guiding rope branches with the possibility of moving upward along them with the help of a traction rope wound on the drum of the traction winch through the bypass block of the console of the traction winch, and the weight of the cargo basket ensures its return to the lower position; the specified natural sag and tension of the bearing cable branches provides a guaranteed gap between the cargo basket and the inclined antenna sheet and the exclusion of physical contact between the cargo basket and the antenna sheet; retractable consoles allow you to adjust the size of the gap between the cargo basket and the antenna sheet during operation; the device as a whole, upon completion of work, is discharged from the front of the antenna sheet to the inoperative position without dismantling; the device quickly unfolds into the working position and is displayed in the work area. 2. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least two parallel inclined bearing guides of the cable branches, which are spaced from each other at a distance equal to the width of the cargo basket, and are rigidly fixed in the retractable consoles of the upper carriages and in retractable consoles of the lower carriage through tension devices and tension control devices of inclined load-bearing guiding cable branches. 3. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the inclined bearing guides of the cable branches consists of one bearing cable string or several parallel bearing cable strings formed by passing one cable through a system of leveling blocks with the aim equal distribution of the load on each bearing rope string and, as a consequence, the possibility of reducing the diameter of the rope. 4. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo basket is supported on each inclined supporting guide cable branch at least at two points located from each other at a certain distance. 5. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the total number of support points of the cargo basket on the inclined bearing guiding rope branches is at least four (in the presence of two bearing inclined guiding rope branches), which provides a clear fixation of the spatial the position of the cargo basket above the serviced portion of the inclined surface without physical contact with it. 6. Device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to paragraphs. 4 and 5, characterized in that it has at least four support points that are not located on one straight line, eliminates the swing of the cargo basket when exposed to wind and other influences and, as a result, eliminates the accidental physical contact of the cargo basket with the surface being served when exposed to wind. 7. Device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement of the load basket along the parallel inclined bearing guides of the cable branches is provided by a traction rope passed through the bypass block of the console of the traction winch of the upper mobile carriage to the winch located on this carriage. 8. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the consoles of the upper and lower mobile carriages are made with a variable overhang, which makes it possible to bring the basket closer to the serviced inclined surface or to remove the basket from the serviced inclined surface. 9. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper carriage and the lower carriage synchronously move horizontally along the guide frames, which, together with the traction winch, moving the load basket in an inclined direction, enables the delivery of a cargo basket to any section of the inclined surface. 10. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that all components and parts of the device are made with the possibility of mounting on a building or structure permanently and are part of the building or structure. 11. The device for repair and maintenance of inclined surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo basket is made with the possibility of removal from the inclined bearing guides of the cable branches, and upon completion of repair and maintenance of the inclined flat surface of the carriage and the console are brought to the extreme initial the position and, thus, the entire device is retracted into spaces specially provided for in the building or structure.

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