RU2641199C1 - Hollow axis of wheel pair for freight wagons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: hollow axle of a wheel pair for freight wagons is complete with necks, pre-wheel seats, wheel seats and a middle part located between them. Necks and wheel seats are made with a cylindrical opening of different diameters. The middle part has an internal surface of a convex parabolic shape and a length variable of the wall thickness, smaller in the middle of the middle part. The outer surface of the middle part is also made in a convex parabolic shape.

EFFECT: increase in the strength characteristics of the axis.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rail vehicles, in particular wagons, trams and other vehicles.

Currently, all manufacturers of vehicles, especially car builders, have an acute problem of reducing the weight of the so-called unsprung masses of cars, which include wheel sets. Weight reduction without loss of strength. The most promising and simplest is the use of a hollow (hollow) axis instead of a solid axis, since, according to the laws of sopromat, the internal part of the axis (core) actually "does not work", does not affect the axle's strength during operation, but creates extra ballast in operation and additional energy costs for transportation of containers of wagons. Therefore, the idea of using hollow axes has a long history.

So, in 1947, a milling workshop was built at the metallurgical plant in the United States, where hollow axes were made of thin-walled pipes by disembarking (thickening) the ends, followed by forging the necks on hammers. However, such axes did not find mass application, since when the ends were upset, the longitudinal axis was broken and a wavy macrostructure of the metal was formed. Later, during the machining of the access parts, the upper fiber combs were cut off, which led to the appearance of microcracks in operation.

In Japan, the inner bore in the axis was obtained through through drilling, which made them expensive and unprofitable in production.

Known hollow axis for rolling stock of railways, in which the outer diameter increases from the middle part to the entrance, and the through longitudinal hole is made cylindrical in the approach and middle parts of the axis (ed. St. No. 191621 from 08/09/1965, IPC B61f). The disadvantage of this design of the hollow axis is the unevenness of the moment of resistance to loads along the axis. If in terms of size and strength in the necks and in the underparts, as shown by the calculations in article 6, such an axis can withstand loads of more than standard 21.5 tf to 23 tf or more, a significant increase in diameter and wall is required for the middle part.

The closest constructive solution to the one we offer is the hollow axis of the wagon wheel pair (author certificate No. 135904 of 05/26/1960). with internal cylindrical holes of various diameters along the length of the necks, the pre-approaching and approaching parts of the axis, characterized in that, in order to rationally accommodate the stresses allowed for it along the axis of the metal, the internal opening of the axis in its middle part is made along a parabola with a large diameter in the middle of the axis and with a smaller diameter equal to the diameter of the cylindrical hole in the undercut of the axis.

The disadvantage of this axis is that its design is weakened by the fact that the middle part of the axis with a constant outer diameter has a minimum wall thickness, and therefore, the moment of resistance to loads in the axis section most stressed in operation is in the middle.

Another disadvantage is the complexity of its manufacture. The axis is made of a seamless steel pipe, the inner diameter of which should be slightly larger than the diameter of the hole in the middle of the axis. The pipe is heated to the forging temperature and the manufacture of the axis begins with its middle part, inserting a cylindrical mandrel into the pipe hole. Then, the cylindrical mandrel is replaced by a shaped mandrel with a diameter equal to the hole in the neck of the axis, to its middle part and further along the parabola forming to the middle of the axis and cylindrical to the other end of the axis with a diameter equal to the hole in the middle part of the axis. Then, in the middle part of the axis, a ceramic cone is installed, made of parabola forming from refractory clay, the manufacture of which is carried out under high pressure in metal dies, followed by annealing in furnaces. After setting the ceramic cone, the approach part of the axis, the pre-approach part and the neck of the axis are stamped using the appropriate mandrels.

The disadvantage of manufacturing technology is extremely low productivity, significant cost of raw materials (pipes and refractory materials), high cost of manufacture.

The proposed hollow axis is shown in FIG. 1 and consists of the middle part 1, two access parts 2 for nozzle wheels, two transitional pre-access parts 3 and two necks 4 for nozzle axle boxes. The hollow axis has a variable diameter bore along its entire length. The shape of the bulge in the middle part and the wall thickness were determined by calculation using a special program for determining the optimal configuration of the outer and inner cavities of the axis, based on the operating loads.

In FIG. 2 shows a rough hollow axis of narrow gauge wagons.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that with the aim of rationally placing the metal along the length of the axis and its possible savings, increasing the strength characteristics under cyclic alternating loads in operation and the possibility of further increasing the load on the axis, the average 1 outer configuration and the inner cavity of the axis between the underpass parts are performed in in the form of a barrel-shaped (parabolic) shape with a variable wall thickness, smaller in the middle of the axis, but creating a sufficient moment of resistance to bending, Chiva and other cyclic loads in operation by increasing the diameter.

The technical and economic advantages of wheel sets with hollow axles are the sum of the following indicators:

1) reduction in metal consumption during manufacture (about 100 kg / axis).

2) facilitating the tare weight of wagons and increasing its carrying capacity (without changing the load of the wheel on the axle).

Underestimation of costs for unproductive transportation of wagon containers.

4) a decrease in the forces of the dynamic action of the rolling stock and track due to the unsprung weight of the car, and therefore, an increase in the service life of the wheels and rail tracks.

5) the possibility of increasing the axle load without changing the design of the wheels and axle boxes with roller bearings adopted for hubs with solid axles, which facilitates the mass introduction of wheel pairs with hollow axles.

LITERATURE

1. Auth test. No. 191621 from 08/09/1965 Cl. 20 d 8/03.

2. Auth. testimonial. No. 135904 dated 05/26/1960 Cl. 20 d, 8/01.

3. Auth. testimonial. No. 70167 from 08/14/1946 Cl. 20 d 8/01.

4. Auth. testimonial. No. 449756 from 04/12/1973, Cl B21d 26/02.

5. "Bulletin of VNIIZHT", 1980, No. 4, p. 36-41. L. M. Shkolnik et al. “Long-term operational tests of hollow-axle wheelsets”

6. STsBIST, 04.16.2011 V.V. Novikov “Hollow car axle for a load of 25 ton-force”.

7. "Power and thermodynamic parameters of hydraulic distribution." The collection "Metal forming", DMetI, issue. 59.

Claims (1)

The hollow axis of the wheelset for freight cars, made with necks, pre-access parts, access parts and the middle part located between them and with an opening of variable diameter along the axis length, while the necks and access parts are made with a cylindrical hole of different diameters, and the middle part is made with the inner surface of the convex parabolic shape and has a wall thickness that is variable in length, smaller in the middle of the middle part, characterized in that the outer surface of the middle part is made convex arabolic form.

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