RU2638625C2 - Sight on interior base - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: sight has two input windows, the distance between which serves as the interior base for parallactic angle with the vertex on target. The sight has a parallax compensator for combining two target images from the input windows into one. The movable part of compensator, through mechanical connection or through position sensor of movable part, ballistic calculator and actuators, give the gun barrel an angle of aiming and a derivation correction corresponding to the range at which the current position of the movable part of compensator completely compensates the parallactic angle, or the movable part of compensator moves the aim mark in the field of shooter view, so that the gun barrel receives such an angle of aiming and derivation correction when the mark is placed on the target.

EFFECT: adjustment of angle of aiming and the derivation correction on the weapon are ensured, which, at the full depth of the aiming range, exactly correspond to the range to the target of any linear dimension, visible from any angle, without the use of emitting distance measuring means.

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Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to sights for weapons.

BACKGROUND

Sights at the external base

Currently, sights are used on an external base, in which the measurement of the distance to the target occurs according to the angular dimensions of the target with known linear dimensions (external base).

PSO-1 and OP4M-45 sights

Classic examples of sights at the external base are the PSO-1 to the Dragunov sniper rifle, where the range is measured on a scale designed for a target 1.7 m high ["Brief description and instruction manual for the optical sniper scope PSO-1"] and the artillery sight OP4M- 45, where the rangefinder scale is designed for a target height of 2.7 m ["Textbook of the sergeant of the missile forces and artillery of the Ground Forces", Military Publishing, Moscow, 1976, p. 70].

Hyperon sights - 1P59, 1P69, 1P70, 1P71-1

In Hyperon sights, the aiming angle is set at the same time as the shooter, changing the magnification of the sight, enters the target in the rangefinder mark. Hyperon's rangefinder tags are designed for targets 1.7 m or 0.75 m high or 0.5 m wide.

All sights on the external base cannot provide an accurate range measurement and, accordingly, an accurate setting of the aiming angle. Because, firstly, the linear dimensions of real goals, for example, the growth and width of people, differ significantly, therefore, differ from the sizes for which the rangefinder scales and labels of these sights are designed. Therefore, the measured range and the set aiming angle are as many times different from the real ones, how many times the real dimensions of the target differ from those for which the rangefinder scales and marks of the sights are designed. Secondly, the angular size of targets, such as the width of equipment and weapons, is highly dependent on the angle from which they are visible.

Sights on an external base are similar to the invention in that they give the weapon an aiming angle. And they differ in that their accuracy depends on the linear dimensions of real goals and the angle from which the goals are visible, which prevents the obtaining of a technical result of the invention.

Rangefinders at the internal base

Rangefinders at the internal base measure the distance by the magnitude of the parallactic angle with the peak on the target (Fig. 1). The parallactic angle on the target depends on the size of the internal base (the distance between the input windows) and on the distance to the target, and for a specific base, only on the distance to the target, and does not depend on the size of the target and its angle. Therefore, rangefinders at the internal base accurately measure the range to targets of any linear dimensions and visible from any angle.

Monocular short-base sapper range finder DSP-30

Beams of rays entering the left and right windows (lenses) of the range finder, depending on the measured distance, are directed at different angles to each other (parallactic angle). As a result, in the field of view two images of the target are offset relative to each other by a distance depending on the distance to the target. With the help of a parallax compensator, a range finder combines images (a similar field of view is depicted in the scheme of the invention, Fig. 4). The parallax compensator is an optical wedge consisting of two lenses. The moving part of the parallax compensator is the positive lens, on which the range scale is glued. Accordingly, with parallax compensation, the range scale moves with the positive lens relative to the fixed range indicator [Description of the DSP-30 sapper range finder, page 7].

The monocular field of view can not be divided in half, then with uncompensated parallax the image will simply “double”, and with compensation it will be reduced to one (a similar field of view is shown in the diagram of the invention of Fig. 5).

Stereoscopic rangefinders DS-0.9, DS-1, DS-2, DS-2M

Stereoscopic rangefinders have not only two windows, but also two eyepieces (binocular) and use stereoscopic human vision. In these rangefinders, when parallax is compensated, the rangefinder moves as it were in depth (range) relative to the image of local objects. Combining the depth of the mark with the target, the range finder reads the range to the target from the range scale, which is mechanically connected through the cardan shaft, a pair of bevel gears and a micrometer screw to the movable part of the parallax compensator - a positive lens - and moves relative to the fixed range indicator ["Instructions for use for reconnaissance and firing of ground artillery ”, USSR Ministry of Defense, Military Publishing, Moscow, 1972, and“ Special optical instruments. Lecture 6 ", Mikhailov I.O.]. The stereoscopic field of view is shown in FIG. 6.

Rangefinders on the internal base are similar to the invention in that the principle of operation is based on parallax compensation on the target, and they can measure the range to targets of any linear dimensions and visible from any angle. And they differ in that the rangefinders are not designed to directly set the aiming angle and / or to take the derivation correction on the weapon, which prevents the obtaining of a technical result of the invention. The range measured by such rangefinders is transmitted to the gunner (arrow), who, in a separate operation, sets it at the sight of the weapon. It takes time. In addition, errors are possible when transmitting information about the measured range and when installing it on weapons.

Parallax Sight

Even with a slight displacement of the eye of the shooter (gunner) from the optical axis of the sight, parallax occurs with the vertex on the aim mark (Fig. 2). This parallax is often referred to as “parallax of the telescopic sight” [CA 2589391 A1 2006/06/08]. Even slight parallax of the sight in the space of objects (at the target) gives a significant tip error. In classic sights, the shooter gets rid of the parallax of the sight, aligning the eye with the optical axis of the sight, which is a mandatory action, for example, when shooting with the PSO-1 sight (Fig. 3). The procedure of “taking an even fly” on a sector sight of Kalashnikov assault rifles is also nothing more than combining the shooter's eye with the optical axis of the sight in order to get rid of the parallax of the sight with the peak on the front sight.

Patent EP 1817538

In paragraphs 1, 2, 4 formulas and Fig. 20, 21 of EP 1817538 (WO2006060489), parallax is mentioned. But in the indicated paragraphs and figures, as in EP 1817538 as a whole, there are no indications of parallax on the target, no indications of measuring range using parallax, there are no indications of setting the aiming angle based on parallax and / or setting correction for derivation based on parallax [EP 1817538, paragraphs. 1, 2, 4 formulas and Fig. 20 and Fig. 21].

To determine the distance to the target using parallax on the target, the sight must have a base - two input windows, as indicated above for rangefinders on the internal base and in FIG. 1. But in EP 1817538, in all variants, a sight with only one input window is indicated, which is the only lens of that sight [CA 2589391 A1 2006/06/08, with Fig. 4 to Fig. 13]. With one input window, it is impossible to determine the distance to the target using parallax on the target. Indeed, the range in EP 1817538 is determined not via parallax, but by a certain individual range finder - “RANG FINDER” 301 [CA 2589391 A1 2006/06/08, Fig. 3. It is Fig. 3 is placed on the first page of EP 1817538 as the most fully disclosing the invention].

EP 1817538 does not refer to parallax on the target, but to the parallax of the sight, it indicates only “Telescope parallax adjustment” [Fig. 20, 2009]. The fact is that at the sight EP 1817538 the optical axis is moved by the drives regardless of the will of the shooter: “3.3.6 ... The drives are electromechanical assemblies that use bidirectional motors to move the optical axis in the vertical and horizontal directions (3.3.6 ... The actuators are electromechanical assemblies using bi-directional motors to move the optical axis in elevation and windage directions) ”[CA 2589391 A1 2006/06/08, clause 3.3.6], that is, the drives periodically divert the optical axis of the sight from the shooter's eye, thereby creating the parallax of the sight. And the arrow must be detached from this parallax each time, as the drives displace the optical axis at the command of the processor. This creates a problem for the shooter.

But after giving a signal to a certain offset of the optical axis of the sight, the processor can simultaneously calculate the magnitude of the parallax of the sight, which will arise from such an offset of the axis; accordingly, it can give a command to compensate for the arising parallax of the sight. This is realized in EP 1817538: along with the movement of the optical axis by one drive, the other drives, by processor commands, “move the internal optical element that corrects parallax (3.3.6 ... The actuators ... to move the optical axis in elevation and windage directions, and an optical element internal to the optics assembly to correct for parallax) ”[CA 2589391 A1 2006/06/08, clause 3.3.6].

Thus, there is a fundamental difference between the invention of this plant and the patent EP 1817538: in the invention, parallax on the target (the angle between the entrance windows with the vertex on the target) is used to set the aiming angle and derivation correction and the parallax of the sight is not considered; and in EP 1817538 they constantly create and detach from the parallax of the sight and do not consider parallax on the target, and the range is measured with an additional range finder, that is, the patent EP 1817538 is a document that only defines the general level of technology and does not prevent the recognition of the novelty and inventive step of this application.

The closest analogue (prototype)

Closer to the invention, rangefinders on the internal base, which also have two input windows, a parallax compensator with a vertex on the target and the same visual methods for controlling parallax compensation (Figs. 4, 5, 6).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The essential features characterizing the invention

The sight has two input windows, the distance between which serves as an internal base for the parallactic angle with the vertex on the target, as well as a parallax compensator, with which the arrow combines two images of the target from the input windows into one. The movable part of the parallax compensator through a mechanical connection or through the position sensor of the movable part, ballistic calculator and actuators either gives the barrel the aiming angle and derivation correction corresponding to the distance at which the current position of the movable part of the compensator completely compensates for the parallactic angle, or moves the aiming mark in field of view of the shooter, so that the barrel of the weapon receives such an angle of aim and correction for derivation when the mark is aimed at the target.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in FIG. 4 and 5, a variant of the stereoscopic field of view is shown in FIG. 6.

Features distinguishing from the closest analogue

The invention differs from the rangefinders on the internal base in that the movable part of the parallax compensator does not move the rangefinder scale, but the aim mark or the barrel of the weapon relative to the optical axis of the sight or sight (optical axis of the sight) relative to the axis of the barrel. And the invention differs from all sights in that it has two input windows (lenses), the distance between which serves as an internal base for the parallactic angle with the vertex on the target, and a parallax compensator, with which the arrow combines two target images from the input windows into one and the same sets the desired aiming angle and derivation correction.

These features provide a technical result in all cases, and they are subject to the requested amount of legal protection.

These features characterize the invention in various forms of its implementation:

- both in monocular and stereoscopic (binocular);

- in any operating wavelength range: visible, infrared, ultraviolet and so on;

- at any internal base (the distance between the entrance windows) and for any types of weapons and ammunition: from "short-range" for small arms, to "long-range" for artillery or tank guns and so on;

- with any design of the parallax compensator: a swivel mirror, a swivel prism, an optical wedge, and so on and at any location of the compensator in the sight design;

- with any design for connecting the movable part of the parallax compensator with devices for setting the aiming angle and derivation correction: mechanical from gears, screws, worm gears, rollers, crankshafts, parallelograms and the like; electromechanical with a potentiometer on the movable part of the parallax compensator or other position sensor of the movable part, a ballistic calculator that generates commands to the actuators on the devices for setting the aiming angle and derivation correction - step or servomotors and the like; electronic, moving the aim mark on the screen of the sight at the command of a ballistic calculator based on the data of the position sensor of the movable part of the parallax compensator; and the like;

- with sighting marks of any shape, with any range scales or without them, with inscriptions, symbols or without them;

- with any additions for amendments to other shooting conditions or without them.

The technical result of the invention

The invention without the use of emitting means of range-finding establishes on the weapon such an aiming angle and correction for derivation, which along the entire depth of the aiming range exactly correspond to the range to the target of any linear size visible from any angle.

If the scope is equipped with a range scale connected in any way known in the art to the movable part of the parallax compensator [for example, as described in the Description of the Sapper Range Finder DSP-30, page 7], the second technical result is manifested - without the use of emitting distance measuring instruments, accurate measurement of the range to targets of any linear size from any angle.

The problem to which the invention is directed

The invention provides aiming with a maximum probability of hitting a target of any linear size from any angle over the entire depth of the aiming range, while ensuring stealth of aiming.

Material of the invention

The invention can be made from existing materials used in optical instrumentation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Key Directions

The larger the internal base and the increase (magnification) of the sight, the more accurately the shooter (gunner) can compensate for parallax and, accordingly, the aiming angle and derivation correction are more accurately established, which is especially important when shooting at long ranges.

On weapons with a gun mount, the optimal scheme may be in which, when operating with a parallax compensator, the gun barrel will move relative to the gun mount, obtaining the desired aiming angle and derivation correction, and the optical axis of the sight relative to the gun mount will not shift. This will make it easier to keep the target in the field of view (Fig. 5). On small arms, the optimal scheme may be in which, when operating with a parallax compensator, the aim mark moves in the field of view (Fig. 4).

Aiming angles and derivation corrections (for deflecting a bullet or projectile, usually to the right due to rotation) should be taken from the weapon documentation. For example, for small arms - from the “Basic” tables and tables “Amendments to changes in meteorological and ballistic conditions of shooting and derivation” of the collection “Tables of shooting at ground targets from small arms of caliber 5.45 and 7.62 mm”, Ministry of Defense of the USSR, TS / GRAU No. 61, Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow, 1977

Aiming with the invention

With a monocular sight, it is necessary to combine the parallax compensator to combine two images of the target into one (Figs. 4 and 5) and then aim the aiming mark in the center of this single target image.

With a stereoscopic sight, it is necessary to combine the parallax aiming mark with the target in depth (range) (Fig. 6) and aim the aiming mark in the center of the target.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. The principle of measuring range at the internal base

A, B - entrance windows; the distance from A to B is the internal base.

The larger the internal base, the more accurately the parallactic angle can be measured and compensated, which is especially important at long ranges to the target.

FIG. 2. Parallax Riflescope

The position of the aim mark in any sight is calculated from the assumption that the eye of the arrow is on the optical axis of the sight. In case of deviation of the eye from the optical axis of the sight, parallax occurs on the aim mark ^, which leads to a pointing error.

The line of sight b) misses the target due to parallax. And if the shooter does not detect parallax and does not detach from it (does not move his eyes to position a) - on the optical axis of the sight), then he will simply point the line of sight at the target b); accordingly, the correct line of sight a) deviates from the target by the magnitude of the aiming error and a miss occurs.

FIG. 3. Parallax Sight PSO-1

Positions "5" and "6" show that the parallax of the sight leads to a miss, and parallax is detected by the presence of a moon-shaped penumbra. Position "4" shows that by shifting the eye to the optical axis of the sight, it is necessary to get rid of parallax and then the aiming will be accurate.

FIG. 4. The scheme of the optical sight on the internal base for small arms (option)

A, K - entrance windows of the sight;

the distance from A to K is the internal base of the sight.

The field of view is divided in half, as in the range finder DSP-30; image from one window is displayed in each half. The parallax compensator moves the image of one of the halves of the field of view. Combining this half of the target with the second half (position b)) we compensate for the parallax and get the aiming angle and the derivation correction corresponding to the distance to the target, because when you turn on the axis of the parallax compensator (mirror K), its gear sector moves the aiming mark through the gear rack as vertically, setting the aiming angle, and horizontally, setting the derivation correction. This is one of many options for the mechanical connection of the moving part of the parallax compensator with the reticle.

In position a), the parallax compensator was at a short range and to compensate for parallax it was turned clockwise (position b), while the aim mark shifted in the field of view lower and to the right, thereby setting the aiming angle and derivation correction for a longer range. If the next target is closer, then in order to bring its two images into one, it will be necessary to turn the parallax compensator counterclockwise, while the aim mark will shift in the field of view higher and to the left, thereby setting the aiming angle and derivation correction for a shorter range.

The value of the displacement of the aiming mark vertically is selected by the number and pitch of the teeth of the sector and the staff, and horizontally by the bend of the staff.

FIG. 5. The scheme of the optoelectronic sight on the internal base for artillery (option)

A, Z - entrance windows of the sight;

the distance from A to Z is the internal base of the sight.

From the translucent mirror A, both images of the target are sent to the photodetector matrix M, for example, the matrix of microbolometers in the thermal imaging sight, and from the matrix to the monitor of the sight.

The field of view is not divided in half; with parallax, the image of the target simply “doubles” (position a)) and the task is to compensate for the paired image of the target in one (position b) with a parallax compensator.

The weapon operator (gunner) parallax compensator brings two images of the target on the monitor into one. Fastened to the moving part of the parallax compensator (optical wedge K), the sensor (D) sends information about the position of the moving part to the ballistic calculator (BC). The ballistic calculator gives the following commands: to the vertical drive - to give the barrel an aiming angle, and to the horizontal drive - to take derivation corrections corresponding to the position of the parallax compensator, i.e. corresponding to the distance to the target, if the parallax to the target is compensated (two images of the target are combined into one). The gunner points an aim mark in the center of the target and, upon completion of the gun’s drive, can fire.

Position a) means that the aiming angle and the derivation correction installed on the gun do not correspond to the range to the target. Position b) means that the aiming angle and the correction for derivation correspond to the range to the target, you can aim the aiming mark in the center of the target and shoot.

FIG. 6. Stereoscopic (binocular) field of view (option)

On a flat diagram, it is impossible to show the difference between combined and not aligned in range (depth) stereoscopic aiming mark, therefore, only one position is shown in the diagram.

The aiming mark may be located in the middle of the plug of two pairs of auxiliary marks ["Guidelines for the use of instruments for reconnaissance and firing of ground artillery", USSR Ministry of Defense, Military Publishing House, Moscow, 1972]. The aim mark compensates for the parallax as it moves along the depth (range).

When the aim mark is not aligned in range with the target - the parallax is not compensated, the aiming angle and the correction for derivation do not correspond to the distance to the target. When the parallax compensator, the aim mark is aligned in range with the target - the parallax is compensated, the aiming angle and the derivation correction correspond to the distance to the target. It remains to aim the aiming mark in the center of the target and you can shoot.

Claims (1)

A sight, including two input windows, the distance between which serves as an internal base for the parallactic angle with the vertex on the target and has a parallax compensator, by which the shooter combines two images of the target from the input windows into one and the moving part of which through a mechanical connection or through the position sensor of the moving part, ballistic calculator and drives gives the barrel of the weapon an aiming angle and correction for derivation, corresponding to the range at which the current position of the movable part of the compensator is full compensates parallactic angle, or moves the aiming mark in the field of view of the arrow to weapon barrel received such angle of sight and to derive correction when pointing at the target label.

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