RU2638390C1 - Cap unit for high-temperature thermochemical activation of coals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: cap unit with a gas flow vibration modulator comprises a hermetic body, a cylindrical vessel (2) for placing the activated material, heaters (4), a circulation fan (3) located under the container with material, two coaxial perforated cylindrical inserts (7 and 8) for loading the activated material therebetween and located inside the container for material. The housing is formed by the outer heat-insulating and the inner protective caps (9 and 1). The lower edge of the protective cap shell (1) is immersed in the sand gate. The cylindrical vessel (2) is installed inside the protective cap (1) with a gap from the body wall. The heaters (4) are arranged in the gap.

EFFECT: increased uniformity of activation in height and thickness of activated material layer due to intensification of chemical heterophase processes, diffusion transfer, heat and mass exchange in particles during material conversion.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of engineering, oil, gas, coal chemistry, metallurgy and a number of other industries, in particular to furnaces (reactors) for the thermochemical processing of dispersed materials, including for the processing of coal and the production of carbon sorbents.

BACKGROUND

The prior art device for the activation of carbon material disclosed in KR 101554102 B1, publ. 10/01/2015, and in the monograph Keltsev N.V., "Fundamentals of adsorption technology." - M., Chemistry, 1984. p. 223, fig. 10.6., In which the inner casing is made with perforation (bottom or walls). The device consists of a housing, inside of which there is a perforated cartridge for placement of carbon material in it. At least one loading opening is provided in the upper part of the housing into which the aforementioned cartridge is inserted, as well as a reagent supply device. In this case, the reagent is supplied from above, inside the cartridge there is a perforated channel through which the reagent is distributed in the material inside the cartridge.

The disadvantages of this device are the unidirectional flow of gas reagents in the material being processed and the resulting difference in the concentration, temperature of the reagents and, therefore, the properties of the formed material in contact with them at the inlet of the reagents and at the outlet from it, and the resulting temperature inhomogeneity and the degree of conversion of the carbon material (activation) along the reagent. In addition, the second disadvantage of this device is a significant temperature gradient in the material from the walls into the interior of the layer, due to the endothermicity of the reaction of the interaction of the reagent during activation of the material, or during regeneration of adsorbents, and the resulting decrease in the temperature of the reagent as it passes through the layer.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a carbon material activation device disclosed in SU 1560473 A1, publ. 04/30/1990. The known device comprises a housing, inside which there is a circulation fan, a node for accommodating the activated material and heaters located between the housing and the node for hosting the activated fibrous material.

The disadvantages of the disclosed in the analogue of the claimed device is the unidirectional flow of gas reagents in the processed material and the resulting difference in the concentration, temperature of the reagents and, therefore, the properties of the material in contact with them at the inlet of the reagents in the material layer, and at the exit from it, and the heterogeneity determined by this activation of the material along the reagent. In addition, the second disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of processing in it bulk particulate materials.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a facility that provides uniformity of thermochemical transformations during high-temperature thermochemical processing of dispersed materials, including the activation of carbon materials in the load.

The technical result of the invention is to provide isokinetic transformations of the carbon material upon activation and to increase the uniformity of activation along the height of the furnace and the thickness of the layer of activated material.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the bell-mounted installation of high-temperature thermochemical activation of coal is provided by a circulation fan, a vibration exciter of pulsations of the gas flow and contains a sealed housing formed by an external heat-insulating and internal protective caps, and the lower edge of the shell of the protective cap is immersed in the sand shutter. Inside the protective cap, a container is installed to accommodate the activated material. The tank is installed with a gap from the walls of the protective cap. There are heaters in the gap. A circulation fan is placed under the bottom of the tank. Coaxially two perforated cylindrical shells are located inside the cylindrical container for accommodating the activated material. In this case, the shell of a smaller diameter is located at the center of the tank. The volume between the cylindrical perforated shells is used to accommodate the activated material.

For heating, electric heaters and / or gas burners are used.

The circulation fan is configured to reverse the direction and change the speed of the gas stream. The fan blades are located at an angle of 45 ° to the plane of the wheel.

A vibration actuator is attached to the cover of the protective cap, providing modulation of the reverse gas flow.

For heaters, thermocouples are placed in the upper, lower, and central parts of the container for the activated material in the inlet and outlet zones of the gas reagent stream and in the middle between them.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The attached drawing (Fig. 1) shows a schematically developed design of the furnace: 1 - protective cap, 2 - capacity with activated material; 3 - circulation fan; 4 - heater; 5 - pipe for supplying gaseous reagent, 6 - pockets of control and monitoring thermocouples; 7 - external and 8 - internal perforated shells, 9 - heat-insulating hood

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The bell-type installation of high-temperature thermochemical activation of coal (Fig. 1) with a gas flow vibration modulator contains a sealed housing formed by an external heat-insulating (9) and internal protective (1) caps, with the lower edge of the shell of the protective cap (1) immersed in the sand shutter. Above the protective cap (1) is a heat-insulating cap (9). Inside the protective cap (1) there is a cylindrical container (2) for the activated material, installed with a gap from the walls of the housing, and heaters (4) in the gap, as well as a circulation fan (3) under the container. In this case, inside the container (1) for the activated material, two perforated shells (7 and 8) are located coaxially, the space between which is filled with the activated material.

Heaters (4) are located in the gap between the shell of the sealed protective cap (1) and the container (2) with the activated material. Pipes for supplying a gaseous activation reagent (5), pockets controlling heating and controlling the temperature of the thermocouple material (6) were introduced into the same gap. As reactants for activation, air, water vapor, carbon dioxide are used.

To heat the furnace and material (3), electric and / or gas heaters were used.

The circulation fan (3) is located under the bottom of the tank (1) with the activated material and is configured to reverse the direction and change the flow rate of the gas reagent.

For heaters, thermocouples are located in the upper, lower, and central parts of the tank (1) to accommodate the activated material, which record its temperature during activation.

Bell installation works as follows. Carbon material for activation is loaded into the space between the coaxially located perforated cylindrical shells (7, 8). Turn on the fan, then the heater (4). After reaching the set temperature in the material, the vibration exciter is turned on and a gas reagent (air, water vapor, etc.) is supplied. The reagent through the central perforated shell (7) is fed into the carbon material or is sucked out of it. The vibration exciter provides turbulization of the gas reagent in the material layer, acceleration of mass and heat transfer around and in the particles. The reversing fan (3) circulates the gas reagent near the heaters, in the volume of the material between its particles, evens out the temperature and concentration of the reagents in the opposite layers of the material by periodically reversing the direction of the circulating vapor-gas flow. Placing the thermocouples at the heaters in the upper, lower, and central parts of the material loading allows controlling the change in the temperature distribution in the carbon material during thermochemical reactions, monitoring and controlling the degree of its transformation into the target product.

Modulation of the gas reagent flow through vibrations of the cap of the sealed protective cap (1) from the vibration exciter turbulizes the reagent flow in the layer of particles of the processed material, aligns the concentration and temperature fields of the regent with the reactor volume, in the near-surface layer of each particle. In combination with the reverse direction of the reagent flow, modulation by pulsed oscillations ensures that the thermochemical transformations of the material being processed are brought closer to the isothermal mode, and their properties are aligned with the load volume. This set of effects makes it possible to generally intensify chemical heterophasic processes, diffusion transfer, heat and mass transfer in particles during material conversion, and effectively reduce energy costs for the implementation of these processes.

Thus, the present invention allows to increase the uniformity of activation in height and thickness of the layer of activated material, the reproducibility of its properties, as well as the isokinetics of its heterophasic thermochemical transformations.

Claims (9)

1. A bell-type apparatus for high-temperature thermochemical activation of carbon materials with a vibration modulator of a gas stream, comprising: - a sealed housing formed by an external heat-insulating and internal protective caps, and the lower edge of the shell of the protective cap is immersed in the sand shutter; - a cylindrical container for accommodating the activated material installed inside the protective cap with a gap from the wall of the housing of the protective cap; - heaters located in the gap; - a circulation fan located under the container with the material; - two coaxial perforated cylindrical inserts for loading the activated material between them, located inside the container for the material. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the circulation fan is configured to reverse the gas flow, with blades located at an angle of 45 ° to the plane of the wheel. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a vibration exciter is attached to the cover of the protective cap, providing modulation of the reverse gas flow. 4. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the heaters in the upper, lower and central parts of the vessel with activated material in the inlet and outlet zones of the gaseous reactant and in the center between them are thermocouples.

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