RU2638361C1 - Method for removing floating substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method of removing floating substances (1) from the water surface of the capacitive structure (2) includes the removal of floating substances (1) to the discharge chute (3), the overflow edge (4) of which is located horizontally above the working water level (5) of the capacitive structure (2) and the bottom of the chute (3) is sloped for gravity drainage of the floating substances (1). Overflow of the floating substances (1) in the exhaust chute (3) is carried out with a thin layer resulting in a short-controlled rise of the water level (6) in the above structure of the overflow edge (4) of the discharge chute (3) by using the control device (7) installed on the wastewater discharge of the capacitive structure.

EFFECT: invention effectively removes the floating substances in a capacitive structure without the use of consumables while reducing the amount of associated water.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of purification of natural and wastewater, in particular to the collection and disposal of floating substances and / or foam in capacitive structures.

A known method for the collection and removal of floating substances [1], the disadvantage of this method is the need to use moving mechanical devices and the possibility of their placement only in a round in terms of capacitive construction, as well as the removal together with floating substances of a large amount of accompanying water that needs to be cleaned.

A known method for collecting and removing floating substances [2], the disadvantage of this method is its focus on the extraction of only oil and oil products by using filter cartridges, which complicates its use to remove other floating contaminants and requires the use of consumables.

A known method of clarification of industrial waters and a device for its implementation [3], which is closest to the claimed one, comprising introducing a flocculant solution into industrial water, saturating it with air bubbles, flotation separation of aeroflocules, oil products, surface-active and oily substances, hydraulic separation of solid particles and sludge flocs by their deposition in an aqueous medium, characterized in that the hydraulic separation of solid particles and sludge flocs by precipitation is carried out after flotation separation a floccule, oil products, surface-active and oily substances, precipitation and flotation separation are carried out in adjacent zones of one chamber, interconnected by the principle of communicating vessels, in one upstream branch of which flotation separation of the hydrophobic part of the contaminants and in the other downstream hydrophilic part of the contaminants are carried out, moreover, the saturation of industrial water with fine air bubbles is produced by pneumohydraulic aeration, from the foam obtained during flotation The product distinguishes the aqueous phase with the surfactants contained in it, which is used as pressurized water during pneumohydraulic aeration. A device for implementing the method, comprising a vertically mounted chamber for circulating industrial water with a device for supplying contaminated industrial water and a nozzle for unloading sludge, a gutter for discharging contaminated industrial water and purified water, an inclined parallel package located outside the chamber on its upper edge, located in the chamber precipitation plates, at least one dividing wall, characterized in that the chamber for circulating industrial water is equipped with pneumohydraulic by aerators, paired coaxially placed on its opposite side walls above the dividing wall, which is installed with an inclination towards the device for supplying contaminated industrial water and divides the chamber into flotation and deposition zones located respectively above and below the dividing wall, while the flotation and deposition zones communicate in the lower part of the chamber under the lower edge of the separation wall, under which there is a pipe for unloading sludge, the device is equipped with a boom for draining contaminated industrial water with a precipitation chamber with a vertical dividing wall located inside the chamber with a gap in relation to its bottom and fixed to the side walls of the chamber and the bottom of the gutter for draining contaminated industrial water with the formation of two parts, one of which is adjacent to it from the side , communicates with its internal cavity and has an adjustable overflow threshold in the upper part, and the other, located under the bottom of the gutter and adjacent to it from below, is equipped with an upper a nozzle for discharging the aqueous phase, while the overflow edge of the adjustable threshold is located above the outlet of the nozzle for discharging the aqueous phase by an amount proportional to the difference in the densities of clarified water and oily contaminants containing gaseous, aqueous and solid phases, the drain for draining purified water is located below the upper edge inclined dividing wall, the overflow edge of the chamber above the chute for draining purified water is located below the overflow edge above the groove for draining contaminated water by Well proportional to the difference in density of aerated and non-aerated liquids. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of its implementation and the unreliability of operation as a result of the use of flotation with pneumohydraulic aeration and consumables - flocculants, as well as a large amount of associated water that needs to be cleaned.

The purpose of the invention is the effective removal of floating substances in a tank building without the use of consumables while reducing the amount of associated water that needs to be cleaned.

An example implementation of the proposed method for the removal of floating substances is presented in the drawing. This goal is achieved in that the removal of floating substances (1) from the water surface of the tank structure (2) is carried out in the discharge chute (3), the overflow side (4) of which is located strictly horizontally above the working water level (5) in the tank structure, and the bottom it has a bias for gravity removal of floating substances. The floating substances are poured into the discharge chute in a thin layer, as a result of a short-term controlled rise in the water level (6) in the structure above the overflow side of the discharge chute, by using a control device (7) installed on the discharge of wastewater from the structure into the collection chute (8). To prevent the passage of floating substances into the collecting tray, a semi-submersible partition (9) is installed in front of the collecting tray. With the help of the regulating device, the water consumption at the outlet from the tank structure is reduced without stopping its operation, the water level in the tank at the same time rises above the overflow side of the discharge chute, and after overflowing of floating substances with a thin layer into the discharge chute, the water level with the help of the control device returns previous working mark. The rise of the water level in the tank structure above the overflow side of the discharge chute ensures the removal of floating substances in a thin layer due to the short duration and controllability of the operation. As a result, the amount of associated water that needs to be cleaned, discharged together with floating substances, will be significantly less than in the known methods.

A comparative analysis of the claimed technical solution with the prototype [3] shows that the proposed method for the removal of floating substances is characterized by the presence of a new technical operation - a short-term controlled rise in the water level in a tank structure, therefore, meets the criteria of the invention - "novelty".

Comparison of the claimed method not only with the prototype, but also with other known solutions [1, 2, 4, 5, etc.] did not allow to find a solution that has similar characteristics. This allowed us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of “significant differences”.

EFFECT: simplified and increased safety of operation of a capacitive structure, exclusion of consumables, reduction of the amount of associated water.

The proposed method for the removal of floating substances is proposed to be used in the construction of new and reconstruction of existing treatment facilities for natural and waste water. The invention can be widely used in utilities and environmental management.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate SU 1101417 A “Device for the removal of floating substances”. Author: Shapiro Rafael Grigorievich. Application: 3564566 / 23-26. Bull. No. 25, 07/07/84

2. RF patent No. 2431608 "Method for the removal of oil and oil products from wastewater", Author: Shishlo Gennady Vladimirovich. Application: 2009125066/05. Bull. No29, 10.20.2011

3. RF patent No. 2082674 "Method for clarification of industrial water and a device for its implementation." Author Zlobin Mikhail Nikolaevich. Patent Publication: 06/27/1997

4. USSR copyright certificate 958583 "Method for the removal of floating substances from the surface of a liquid." Authors: Zhuravlev Anatoly Stepanovich, Sherenkov Alexey Maksimovich and others. Application: 2991788 / 29-15. Bull. No. 34, 09/15/82

5. USSR author's certificate 472907 "Device for removing substances floating in the form of a film on the surface of a liquid." Authors: Schuster Evgeny Shnulevich, Evetsky Evgeny Georgievich and others. Application: 1922821 / 23-26. Bull. No. 21, 11.11.75

Claims (1)

A method of removing floating substances from the water surface of a capacitive structure, including the removal of floating substances in the discharge chute, characterized in that the overflow side of the chute is strictly horizontally above the working level of the water of the capacitive structure, the floating substances are poured into the discharge chute in a thin layer as a result of a short-term controlled level rise water in the structure above the overflow side of the discharge chute by using a control device installed at the outlet of the sewage of capacitive structure, and the bottom of the chute has a slope for gravity removal of floating substances.

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