RU2636944C1 - Sand and gravel trap - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: sand and gravel trap comprise a main receiving container 1 and an additional damping container 2, installed in a settling container 3 of a larger volume with a pit 4. To the pit 4, a manifold 5 having a shutter 6 is connected. The bottom of the main 1, the additional 2 and the settling 3 containers has a slope towards the alluvium-wash pit 4 formed in the bottom 7. The sand and gravel trap comprise vertical partitions 8, 9 and 10. In the lower part of the partitions 9 and 10, L-shaped visors 11 and 12 are fixed, the flange of which is directed downwards. The partitions 8, 9 and 10 divide the sand gravel onto a main 1, an additional damping 2, an overflowing 13 and a settling 3 container. At the top of the additional damping container 2 arranged in the container 3, under the cover 14, a float 15 is arranged, anchored at one end of the lever 16, secured with its second end in the overflow container 13 with the rotation axis 17. A link 18 is arranged in guides 20, and with its upper end is hingedly connected to the lever 16 in its middle part, and is rigidly connected to the valve 19 with its lower end. In the lower part of the receiving container 1, there is an overflow pipe 22 connecting the settling container 3 with the overflow container 13. The end of the overflow pipe 22 lying in the settling container 3 is provided with a hose 23 with a diffuser 24 with a vertical tube 25 with a check valve 26. A float 27 is rigidly fastened to the diffuser 24. A debris-protecting device 28 provides protection against floating debris of the inlet opening of the diffuser 24. The end of the overflow pipe 22, located in the overflow container 13, is made in the form of a chamber 29, at the bottom of which there is an opening 30. To regulate the area of the opening 30, a valve 19 is provided, which is rigidly connected to the link 18. The vertical partitions 9 and 10 are fixed so that between their bottom edges with L-shaped visors 11 and 12, the flange of which is directed downward, and the bottom a slotted opening is formed for water passage from the receiving container 1 to the additional damping 2 and the settling 3 containers. The vertical partition 8 has an opening 31 located at the level of the upper position of the float 15 in the additional damping container 2 for water overflow from the container 2 into the overflow container 13. In the bottom part, the overflow container 13 communicates with a pipeline 32 for tapping clean water to the consumer. In such arrangement of the containers equipped with the vertical partitions with L-shaped visors, the flange of which is directed downwards, and making the bottom with a slope towards the pit 4, the alluvium will flow into the manifold 5 with the shutter 6, and clean water will be supplied from the upper layers of the additional damping container 2 and the settling container 3 into the overflow container 13 and further to the consumer.

EFFECT: ensuring operational efficiency, simplifying and reducing metal consumption, preventing the ingress of bottom and suspended alluvium of a fraction more than 0,2 mm into pipelines with pumping irrigation and fore chambers of pumping stations.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to devices for cleaning water from sediment, and is intended to prevent the ingress of bottom and suspended sediment, fractions of more than 0.2 mm, into pipelines with machine irrigation and advance chambers of pumping stations.

A device for clarifying water is known, comprising a housing with a discharge channel, a spiral chamber located inside the housing and made in the form of an overflow wall, a supply channel connected to the outlet to the spiral chamber, and a washing pipe connected to a washing hole in the bottom of the spiral chamber, the water overflow wall is outlined along the coil of the Archimedes spiral within the radius-vector angle of rotation, and the washing hole is located at the pole of this spiral (Copyright certificate SU No. 1330254, ЕОВВ 8/02 of 08/15/1987).

The disadvantages of this device are due to its complex design, including a spillway wall, outlined in a spiral of Archimedes within the angle of rotation, and the complexity of its hydraulic calculation. Low reliability of work is a consequence of the fact that suspended sediment fractions, redistributed in plan, partially in suspension, can flow through the overflow wall into the housing and then to the consumer. This primarily requires that there is a constancy of water overflow, however, during the operation of the structure, there is a frequent change in flow rate in the inlet channel. In the case of saturation of the flow in a large number of entrained and suspended sediments, the washing hole cannot cope with their washing, and a partial blockage occurs along the width of the chamber. As a result of this, the filling in the annular chamber increases, deposits can enter the consumer through the overflow wall, i.e. the height of the overflow wall is not designed for such a hydraulic mode of its operation; accordingly, the hydraulic structure in the chamber changes. In this case, smaller deposits will begin to flow into the discharge pipe to the consumer. Thus, the known structure does not fully protect the channel of clean water from part of the suspended sediment. The problem in the known device is solved only in one technical cycle - the protection of single sediment at a certain given design flow rate.

Known sump, including narrowing for collecting sediment receiving sedimentary chamber having an inclined bottom, a partition with a window in the lower part, dividing the chamber into two sections, and a discharge manifold (Copyright certificate SU No. 1350242, ЕОВВ 8/02 of 11/07/1987).

The disadvantages of the known device: periodic water supply to the consumer through the discharge pipe (15), which is periodically interrupted for the time of washing the sump by activating the ascending (7) and descending (9) branches of the siphon (8). As a result, air congestion is created in pipelines with clean water, which reduce the efficiency of the known device and thereby impede water supply; blockage of the output ascending branch (7) of the siphon (8) with accumulated sediments in the conical part of the sump at the window (5) and their natural colmatization, which can prevent the siphon (8) from starting up (first) and lead to insufficient suction of the siphon ( 8) to raise the alluvial mass to the entire height of the ascending branch (7) of the siphon (8), i.e. to a height from the inlet of the siphon (8) up to the hood (10).

Also known, for example, hydrocyclones and sand gravel traps according to copyright certificates SU: 184187, 367895, 544473, 816558, 823647, 882942, 886998, 1065525, 1330254, 1.392188, 1456234, 1546547.

However, the known devices are complex, due to numerous elements that are not practical in manufacture, which does not allow for reliable long-term operation of the device during their operation.

The closest to the intended purpose, technical nature and the achieved result is a sand gravel trap, which includes a cylindrical-shaped receiving tank for collecting sediment, having an inclined bottom and in communication with a supply conduit and a discharge manifold, the supply conduit is equipped with a quenching device in the form of a hollow cylinder with water outlet windows, divided into two cavities by a horizontal partition with an opening in the middle part mounted below the water outlet windows, and a pyramidal section an element located coaxially with the hole in the partition above the inclined bottom, which is made by the outlet bottom hole and forms a washing window with the walls of the main cylindrical tank in its narrow part, communicating with the collector cavity through an additional tank, the volume of which is larger than the volume of the main tank, water outlet openings are made on the walls of the inclined bottom of the main tank relative to each other, which are equipped with nano-baffle elements in the form of a shutter with the possibility of moving to the side empty a fresh cylinder from the side of the cavity of the main tank, while the bottom of the main and additional tanks has a slope at different angles to the horizontal axis of the device, mounted in the base of the foundation (Patent RU No. 2532276, ЕВВ 8/02, B01D 21/00, C02F 5/14 from 11/10/2014).

The disadvantages of this device are due to its design complexity, including a partition and windows inside the hollow cylinder that prevent free water from falling towards the wash hole of the main tank, the installation of an extra large tank, as well as valves with actuators, etc. These devices lead to the bulkiness of the structure, which means a large material consumption and insufficient degree of influence on the intensity of removal of bottom and bottom sediments.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to simplify the design and increase work by accumulating the most saturated sediment flow.

To solve this problem, in a sand gravel trap, which includes a cylindrical-shaped receiving tank used for sludge discharge, having an inclined bottom and in communication with a supply conduit and a discharge manifold, a partition above the inclined bottom, which is made by the outlet bottom hole, a partition above the inclined bottom, which is made by the outlet bottom hole , the damping device is divided by partitions into the main and additional tanks, the sand gravel box is equipped with an L-shaped trump located at the bottom of the partitions kami, the shelf of which is directed downward, with an additional soothing tank located, in which a float is fixed at one end of the lever of the articulated-lever drive, while the additional soothing tank is located inside the settling tank, and the second end of the lever located in the overflow tank is fixed on the axis of rotation while the articulated lever drive is fixed under the cover of the stilling and overflow tanks, and the upper end of the rod is pivotally attached to the lever in its middle part, to the lower end of which is rigidly a valve is attached, while the overflow pipe connects the settling tank to the overflow, and the end of the pipe in the settling tank is equipped with a flexible hose with a water intake head associated with the float, and the water intake head consists of a diffuser, the end of which is connected to the atmosphere by a vertical tube with a check valve, and a garbage protection device.

In addition, the rod is placed in the guides, which are rigidly attached by rods to the wall of the overflow tank.

To solve this problem, in a sand gravel trap, which includes a settling tank that serves for sediment discharge, having an inclined bottom with a discharge collector, and communicated with a receiving tank with a supply conduit, partitions above the inclined bottom, which are made by exhaust bottom openings, the damping device as a whole has an additional soothing, overflow and slop tanks. The sand gravel box is equipped with L-shaped visors located in the lower part of the partitions, the shelf of which is directed downward, with an additional soothing tank located in which a float is fixed at the end of the lever of the articulated lever drive, placed under the cover with additional and overflow tanks. In this case, the overflow pipe connects the settling tank to the overflow tank, the pipe end lying in the settling tank is equipped with a flexible hose with a water intake head connected to the float, and the water intake head consists of a diffuser, the end of which is connected to the atmosphere by a vertical tube with a check valve, and a garbage protection device.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to create conditions for a high-speed flow of water enriched with sediment, getting, firstly, into a settling tank from the receiving tank, expands and loses part of the kinetic energy. Sand, gravel and suspended sediment are directed through a bottom hole in a vertical partition with a L-shaped visor, the shelf of which is directed downward, into a settling tank with a pit. The settling tank is filled with water, the excess of already relatively clean water flows through the hole in the upper part of the inner partition of the overflow tank from the additional tank to the overflow tank, from where it enters the consumer through the pipeline. At the same time, water through a water intake head with a diffuser enters together with atmospheric air from a vertical pipe, which is sucked by the flow of water, also flows through a flexible hose and overflow pipe to the overflow tank with the valve open, where both flows are connected into one common stream. The sediment formed during precipitation moves along an inclined bottom into the pit, from which, opening the valve, they are periodically withdrawn to the collector with further removal. The head with a diffuser and a float are an integral part for the operation of the articulated lever actuator, which are connected through a rod to a valve located at the end of the overflow pipe located in the overflow tank. In addition, when the water level in the settling tank drops, the diffuser also lowers, as does the float in the settling tank, which is connected with the additional and overflow tanks, but at the same time, the valve is opened at the end of the overflow pipe to the water level, which ensures the removal of the most cleaned part water from the settling tank to the overflow tank. Next, the deposited sediment is washed through the pit of the sump, opening the valve on the collector for further final removal. The garbage-retaining device protects the diffuser head, and the settled floating debris can then be washed off when dumping sediment sediments. Thus, the height of the water backwater in the settling tank allows the flushing of sediments, which are regulated by a valve, i.e. removal of entrained and suspended sediments from it, even if there is no flow of water from the inlet conduit due to the existing additional pressure mode in the receiving additional and settling tanks.

The volumes of all tanks and their live section area are different. In general, this allows to increase the efficiency of the device by improving the treatment of incoming (accumulated volume) of water and simplify the operation of the facility.

Such a design of the sand gravel trap, according to the author, was not known and meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The drawing schematically shows a sand gravel, general view.

The sand gravel box includes a main receiving tank 1, an additional soothing tank 2 installed in a settling tank 3 of a larger volume with a pit 4, to which a collector 5 having a valve 6 is connected. The bottom of the receiving tank 1 and additional tank 2 is made with a slope towards the side formed in the bottom 7 nanoswashing pit 4. Sand gravel box contains vertical partitions 8, 9 and 10, in the lower part of partitions 9 and 10 L-shaped visors 11 and 12 are fixed, the shelf of which is directed downward. Partitions 8, 9 and 10 divide it into the main receiving 1, additional 2, overflow 13 and slop 3 tanks. In the upper part of the additional stilling tank 2, located inside the settling tank 3, under the cover 14 there is a float 15, mounted on one end of the lever 16, and the other end thereof, located in the overflow tank 13, is fixed by the axis of rotation 17, and in the middle part of the lever 16 pivotally attached to the upper end of the rod 18, to the lower end of which the valve 19 is rigidly attached. The rod 18 is placed in the guides 20, with rods 21 rigidly fixed to the wall of the overflow tank 13. An overflow pipe 22 is located at the bottom of the receiving tank 1, a settling tank 3 with an overflow tank 13. The end of the overflow pipe 22, lying in the settling tank 3, is equipped with a flexible hose 23, which is attached with its upper end to the diffuser 24 with a vertical tube 25 with a check valve 26 and with an attached float 27. The garbage protection device 28 provides protection against floating debris.

The end of the overflow pipe 22, located in the overflow tank 13, is made in the form of an outlet chamber 29, there is an opening 30 at the bottom of the chamber 29. To regulate the area of the opening 30, a valve 19 is used, which is rigidly connected to the rod 18. The vertical partitions 9 and 10 are fixed so that between their lower edge with L-shaped visors 11 and 12, the shelf of which is directed downward, and the bottom, there is a slotted hole for water to pass from the receiving tank to the settling tank 3. The vertical partition 8 has an additional position 15 at the upper position of the float 15 2 mkosti hole 31 for the overflow of water from the reservoir 2 into the overflow tank 13. In the bottom part of the overflow tank 13 communicates with a pure water discharge conduit 32 to the consumer.

The receiving tank 1, the additional soothing tank 2, the settling tank 3 and the overflow tank 13 are covered by removable sealed covers.

The working volume of the settling tank 3 is set to receive water from the driving conduit 33 to the receiving tank 1.

The volume of all capacities and the area of their live section are different. The inflow and fall of gravel and sand to the bottom of the settling tank during their active flushing when using the accumulated water in the settling tank and the possibility of completely cleaning it, it is possible to supply clarified water to the consumer in an automatic mode, simplifies the construction of the structure, thereby reducing the cost of its operation .

Therefore, when the floats are raised when the level in the tanks is reached at the corresponding mark, water is discharged from the maximum to the minimum level in the storage tank. Between the partitions 8, 9 and 10 of all containers, a zone of calm state of water is formed. Thus, even for the period of termination of the flow of water from the inlet conduit 33 in the settling tank 3 there is a reserve of the volume of water for washing sediment, then to the collector 5.

Sand gravel works as follows.

Water along with entrained and suspended sediments from the inlet conduit 33 enters the receiving tank 1, which performs a certain quenching device at the first stage of the water flow movement stage, where as a result of fencing with partitions 9 and 10 between their lower edges with L-shaped visors, the shelf of which directed downward, and a slit hole is formed for the passage of water from the receiving tank 1 into the settling tank 3 and gradually fills it.

An additional soothing tank 2 filled with water due to the lifting force of the float 15 transfers to the lever 16 on the axis of rotation 17 and through it moves the rod 18 and, accordingly, the valve 19, which opens the hole 30 in the exhaust chamber 29, made at the end of the overflow pipe 22 in the overflow tank 3, thereby simultaneously filling the additional soothing tank 2 to the level at which the opening 31 in the partition 8 is located, relatively clean water also flows into the overflow tank 13, from where it is clean through so goes the consumer.

It should be noted that at the same time the settling tank 3 is also filled, then through the diffuser 24 connected to the float 27, which is constantly at the upper level in the settling tank 3, water volumes are withdrawn with aspiration of atmospheric air through the tube 25 and mixed with water. At the inlet of the flexible hose 23, a deep emulsified mixture having a low density is created. The garbage protection device 28 protects the head (inlet) of the diffuser 24 from the fin and debris, while in the operation of the settling tank 3, the debris can be constantly discharged along with washing the sediment through the pit 4 into the collector 5. Therefore, the diffuser 24 is protected from blocking the passage from getting into floating objects (fin, debris, sludge, etc.).

In the event of the termination of the flow of water from the supply conduit 33, the flow of water into the receiving tank 1 is stopped, i.e. water stops flowing into both additional stilling tank 2 and settling tank 3, the water level decreases, but at this stage the valve 6 opens in the collector 5, therefore, sediment is flushed and water flows out of the settling tank 3, gradually empties to a certain level in her. At this time, the flow of water through the overflow pipe 22 stops in the overflow tank 13, since the load on the arm of the lever 16 with the float 15 and with the valve 19 increases due to the absence of a column of water pressure on the float 15 and the valve 19 closes the hole 30 in the chamber 29.

Therefore, raising the float 15 in the absence of water pressure up to the corresponding mark closes the valve 19 of the hole 30 in the exhaust chamber 29, which allows you to close the overflow pipe 22 in the overflow tank 13.

Thus, the opening of the valve 19 is provided by a triggering device in the form of a pivot-lever drive with a float when the water level in the sand gravel is exceeded, consisting of tanks 1, 2 and settling tank 3 with washing the bottom pit 5, i.e. the device operates in automatic mode with a low flushing flow due to the hydraulic connection of the device and is associated with the placement of a level above the maximum level in the device as a whole.

The originality of the proposed technical solution lies in the creation of conditions for a simple and reliable operation of the sand gravel due to its constituent elements in comparison with the prototype; allows you to increase the efficiency of the structure by increasing the treatment of polluted water with sediment and automatic control over the level in the tanks, which eliminates the emergency situation and reduces metal consumption. Purified water is supplied to the consumer.

Claims (2)

1. Sand gravel box, including a receiving tank of cylindrical shape for collection, having an inclined bottom, which is made by the outlet bottom hole, the damping device is divided by partitions into a main and additional tank, characterized in that the sand gravel box is equipped with L-shaped visors located in the lower part of the partitions, a shelf which is directed downward, with an additional soothing tank located, in which a float is fixed at one end of the lever of the articulated-lever drive, while An additional stilling tank is located inside the settling tank, and the other end of the lever is located in the overflow tank and is fixed, while the articulated lever drive is fixed under the cover of the stilling and overflow tanks and the upper end of the rod is pivotally attached to the lever, the valve is rigidly attached to its lower end, while this overflow pipe connects the settling tank with overflow, and the end of the pipe in the settling tank is equipped with a flexible hose with a water intake head associated with the float, and a water intake head with It consists of a diffuser, the end of which is connected to the atmosphere by a vertical tube with a check valve, and a garbage protection device. 2. Sand gravel according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod is placed in the guides, which are rigidly fixed by rods to the wall of the overflow tank.

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