RU2636309C1 - Method for conversion of heavy oil raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: method for processing heavy oil raw material by thermal cracking at 450-500°C for 30-100 minutes is described, in the presence of nano-sized powder of catalyst in amount of 0.01-0.10 wt % relative to raw material containing tungsten, iron and nickel in the ratio of 90 wt %, 7 wt % and 3 wt % respectively, including tungsten- nickel-iron of TNI 7-3 grade or a mixture of nanopowders of tungsten, iron and nickel.

EFFECT: increased yield of gasoline and diesel fractions with low content of asphaltenes in cracking products and high octane number of gasoline fraction.

4 cl, 1 tbl, 13 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of oil refining, namely to the processing of heavy petroleum feedstocks, including heavy crude oils, natural bitumen, oil residues, and can be used to produce gasoline and diesel fractions.

A known method of catalytic cracking of heavy oils in the presence of nanosized nickel powder with an average particle size of 10-20 nm, taken in an amount of 0.5-1.0 wt. % of the feedstock (patent RU 2445344, 2010). The disadvantage of this method is the high content of the catalyst, the inability to separate it from the liquid cracking products.

The closest in technical essence is a method for producing distillate fractions from oil residues by mixing them with a catalyst crushed to a particle size of less than 1000 microns - enrichment waste of molybdenum, or cobalt, or nickel, or tungsten ores containing 1.2-2.8 wt. % iron and 3.8-58.0 wt. % silicon. Thermocracking is carried out at 390-450 ° C and 0.2-5.0 MPa. The catalyst is introduced into the feedstock in an amount of 1-10% (RU 2182923, 2002). The disadvantage of this method is the need for a process of homogenization of the catalyst with raw materials, a low yield of diesel and gasoline fractions and a lower quality of the gasoline fraction (low octane number).

The objective of the invention is to deepen the processing of heavy crude oil, which allows to achieve high quality of the resulting product.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the yield of gasoline and diesel fractions with a low content of asphaltenes in cracking products and a high octane number of the gasoline fraction.

The technical result is achieved by thermal cracking of heavy oils, natural bitumen and oil residues at a temperature of 450-500 ° C for 30-100 minutes in the presence of nanosized catalyst powder in an amount of 0.01-0.10% wt. in relation to raw materials containing tungsten, iron and nickel at a ratio of 90%, 7% and 3 wt. %, respectively, including when using a tungsten-nickel-iron alloy of VNZh 7-3 grade or a mixture of tungsten, iron and nickel nanopowders as a catalyst.

Case Studies

The experiments were carried out in autoclaves with a volume of 12 cm ³ in air, the feed load was 7 grams in all experiments. The quantitative assessment of the yield of fractions was determined by the thermographic method.

Example 1. The source of natural bitumen is subjected to cracking in an autoclave at a temperature of 450 ° C in air for 100 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 2. To the source bitumen add 0.1 wt. % of nanopowders W, Ni and Fe with a metal ratio of 90%, 7% and 3 wt. %, respectively. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 450 ° C in air for 100 minutes. The gasoline fraction has an octane number by the research method (MI) - 89.4; by the motor method (MM) - 77.6. The results are shown in the table.

Example 3. To the source of bitumen add 0.1 wt. % nanopowder alloy residence permit 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 450 ° C in air for 100 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 4. To the original bitumen add 0.05 wt. % nanopowder alloy residence permit 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 450 ° C in air for 100 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 5. To the source bitumen add 0.01 wt. % nanopowder alloy residence permit 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 450 ° C in air for 100 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 6. To the source of bitumen add 0.1 wt. % nanopowder alloy residence permit 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 500 ° C in air for 30 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 7. To the source of bitumen add 0.05 wt. % nanopowder alloy residence permit 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 500 ° C in air for 30 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 8. To the source bitumen add 0.01% wt. Nanopowder alloy VNZH 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 500 ° C in air for 30 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 9. The original oil residue is subjected to cracking in an autoclave at a temperature of 500 ° C in air for 30 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 10. To the original oil residue add 0.1 wt. % nanopowder alloy residence permit 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 500 ° C in air for 30 minutes. The gasoline fraction has an octane number according to the research method (MI) - 85.7; by the motor method (MM) - 70.9. The results are shown in the table.

Example 11. To the original oil residue add 0.05% wt. Nanopowder alloy VNZH 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 500 ° C in air for 30 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 12. To the original oil residue add 0.01% wt. Nanopowder alloy VNZH 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 500 ° C in air for 30 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Example 13. To the original oil residue add 0.1% wt. Nanopowder alloy VNZH 7-3. The process is carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 450 ° C in air for 100 minutes. The results are shown in the table.

Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the yield of gasoline and diesel fractions in comparison with the prototype, as well as to improve the quality of the finished product: to lower the content of asphaltenes in the composition of the cracking products and to increase the octane number of the gasoline fraction with a low catalyst content.

Claims (7)

1. The method of processing heavy petroleum feedstock by thermocracking in the presence of a catalyst containing tungsten and iron, characterized in that the process is carried out at a temperature of 450-500 ° C for 30-100 minutes, the catalyst additionally contains nickel and is a nanopowder with the following components, wt. %: tungsten - 90, iron - 7, nickel - 3. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the catalyst used is a nanopowder alloy tungsten-nickel-iron brand VNZH 7-3. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the catalyst is a mixture of nanopowders of tungsten, iron and nickel. 4. The method according to PP. 1-3, characterized in that the catalyst in relation to the raw material is taken in an amount of 0.01-0.10 wt. %