RU2634756C1 - Device for loosening and dosing clay raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for loosening and dosing clay raw materials comprises a raw material hopper and a feeder placed beneath it, in the housing of which counter-rotating shafts with loosening elements in the form of blades are mounted. Under an unloading window located at the feeder butt, a weighing conveyor is placed. The unloading window is located at the feeder butt and is made in the form of cylindrical branch pipes, in the volume of which the shafts are arranged, the internal surface of the branch pipes is made with corrugations in the form of longitudinally arranged strips; in the feeder housing, before the unloading window, raw material rotation breakers made in the form of pins are cantilevered radially to each shaft, and cutting knives are mounted behind the unloading window on the shafts.

EFFECT: device allows to increase the degree of loosening clay raw materials and to increase the dosing accuracy.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates mainly to the building materials industry, and in particular to devices that provide primary processing of clay raw materials and its supply to the processing line for the production of ceramic products. It is possible to use the proposed technical solution in the chemical, coal, food and other industries.

State of the art

A feeder is usually placed under the clay ripper in the clay processing lines, which provides a continuous supply of raw materials, such as a box (see the book, L. L. Koshlyak, Production of building ceramics. M: Higher school, 1990, pp. 34-36, Fig. 3 and 4). For dosing, the feeder can be equipped with a weighing device. A disadvantage of the known lines is the impossibility of operational regulation of the supply of raw materials during the process. In addition, the existing design is large, consisting of several devices located in two or more levels, which complicates the installation and maintenance of equipment.

The prior art unit for receiving and supplying raw materials to the processing line for the production of mainly ceramic products (see patent for utility model RU 27906, IPC: B28C 7/04, publ. 02.27.2003), containing a receiving hopper and installed a feeder under the hopper, including means for promoting raw materials in the form of rotating shafts with loosening elements associated with a drive for rotating them, and a belt conveyor equipped with weighing means located under the feeder discharge window.

The known device allows you to combine two technological operations in one machine: loosening and dosed feed of raw materials, which helps to reduce production units and reduce costs.

A significant drawback of the device is the low accuracy of measuring the product due to uncontrolled (spontaneous) material falling onto the conveyor belt after the shaft rotation drive stops.

As the closest analogue to the claimed device, by the presence of similar structural features, a device for loosening and dosed feeding of clay raw materials has been adopted (see patent for invention RU 2574099, IPC: B28C 1/14, publ. 02/10/2016). The device comprises a feed hopper, a feeder placed under it, in the housing of which at least one pair of counter-rotating shafts with loosening elements is installed, and a conveyor belt equipped with weighing means located under the feeder discharge window.

The sections of the shafts located under the discharge window of the feeder are made in the form of three-start or four-way augers, the blades of which overlap the bore of the discharge window at the moment the shaft rotation drive stops and exclude spontaneous loss of material on the conveyor belt.

However, in the closest analogue, the raw materials are fed to the weighing conveyor in large portions, captured and measured by the blades of the screws, which leads to a decrease in the metering accuracy and the degree of loosening of the mass.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the accuracy of dosing by enhancing the effect of loosening clay raw materials.

The solution to this problem is achieved due to the fact that in the device for loosening and dosed supply of clay raw materials containing a hopper for raw materials, a feeder is placed under it, in its body counter-rotating shafts with loosening elements are installed, and a load-measuring conveyor is placed under the feeder discharge window, according to the claimed invention the discharge window is located at the end of the feeder and is made in the form of cylindrical nozzles, in the volume of which there are shafts, the inner surface of the nozzles is made with corrugations in the form of longitudinally arranged strips, in the feeder housing in front of the discharge window, radially each shaft has cantilever-mounted breakers for the rotation of raw materials made in the form of pins, and cutting knives are mounted on the shafts outside the discharge window.

An unloading window made in the form of cylindrical nozzles helps to create a directed flow of material to the cutting knives. The pins installed in the housing in front of the discharge window radially to each shaft give the material a linear motion along the axis of the shaft, preventing it from twisting. The cutting knives mounted outside the discharge window on the shafts, rotating, cut the material flow in the transverse direction.

In the inventive device, the pins are mounted directly in front of the discharge window and contribute to the creation of multidirectional movement of the material and cutting knives: the rectilinear movement of the material flow along the axis of the shaft during the transverse movement of rotating knives.

In addition, the inner surface of the nozzle of the discharge window is made with corrugations in the form of longitudinally arranged strips. The corrugations prevent the mass from rolling along with the shaft and provide a directed flow of material to the cutting knives.

This ensures multiple additional grinding of raw materials and its loosening. As a result, the raw material enters the weighing conveyor in a continuous crushed stream, which contributes to its more accurate dosing. Dosing accuracy, in turn, contributes to the high stability of the composition of the mixture, and hence the high quality of the products.

The loosening elements of the shafts are made in the form of blades placed on the shaft along its entire length. Impeller blades with repeated exposure to the material destroy large lumps of clay and contribute to its advancement to the discharge window.

In order to reduce the complexity of installation and dismantling, the blades are mounted on the shafts by means of removable semicylindrical elements, covering the shaft and fastened together by fasteners.

To remove stones that did not pass between the blades of the cutting knife, a hatch is made in front of the discharge window in the feeder body in front of the discharge window.

As a weighing conveyor, it is preferable to use a conveyor belt equipped with weighing means in the form of tensometric supports.

It is advisable to perform a shaft rotation drive with a frequency-controlled motor, which allows you to adjust the shaft rotation speed and, accordingly, the amount of raw material supplied, which further contributes to an increase in the dosage accuracy.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The possibility of industrial feasibility of the proposed technical solution is confirmed by the following drawings, which show:

in FIG. 1 - the claimed device, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view, longitudinal section; in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 is a section BB in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 - fixing the blades on the shaft.

The implementation of the invention

A device for loosening and dosed supply of clay raw materials contains a hopper 1 for raw materials and a feeder 2 located under it, in the case of which counter-rotating shafts 3 with loosening elements 4 in the form of blades are installed. Under the discharge window, located at the end of the feeder, a belt conveyor 5 is placed, equipped with weighing means in the form of tensometric supports. The discharge window is made in the form of cylindrical pipes 6, the inner surface of which is provided with corrugations 7 in the form of longitudinally arranged strips. In the casing of the feeder 2, in front of the discharge window 6, material rotation choppers made in the form of pins 8. are mounted cantileverly to each shaft 3. Cutting knives 9 are mounted behind the discharge window 6 on the shafts. The blades 4 are mounted on the shafts 3 by means of semi-cylindrical removable elements 10 covering the shaft. and fastened together by fasteners. In the feeder housing 2, in front of the discharge window 6, a hatch 11 is made under each shaft 3 to remove stones that have not passed between the blades of the cutting knife 9. The rotation drive of each shaft is made with a frequency-adjustable motor 12. The device includes a control unit (not shown in the drawings), associated with a frequency-regulated motor 12 of the drive shaft rotation 3 and strain gauge supports of the conveyor belt 5.

The device operates as follows.

The feedstock is loaded into the hopper 1 with a grab crane or a loader. From the hopper, the raw material enters the feeder 2 on the rotating shafts 3, which advance the raw material to the unloading window, while loosening it with the blades 4. The pins 8 installed in front of the unloading window radially to each shaft prevent the mass from rotating, the corrugations 7 on the inner surface of the nozzle 6 give it a directional rectilinear movement along the axis of the shaft. At the outlet of the nozzle of the discharge window 6, the material flow is further crushed with cutting knives 9 in the transverse direction. As a result, the raw material enters the weighing conveyor 5 in a continuous chopped stream, which contributes to a more accurate dosing. The weight of the material trapped on the conveyor 5 is measured by tensometric supports, the signal from which is transmitted to the control unit, which has feedback from the electric motors of the shafts 3 and the geared motor of the conveyor belt 5.

Thanks to the claimed invention, it was possible to increase the degree of loosening of clay raw materials and increase the accuracy of dosing.

Claims (7)

1. Device for loosening and dosed supply of clay raw materials, containing a hopper for raw materials, a feeder placed underneath it, in its case counter-rotating shafts with loosening elements are installed, and a load-measuring conveyor located under the feeder discharge window, characterized in that the discharge window is located at the end of the feeder and made in the form of cylindrical nozzles, in the volume of which there are shafts, the inner surface of the nozzles is made with corrugations in the form of longitudinally arranged strips, in the feeder housing Before each window unloading radially cantilevered shaft rotating feed breakers formed in the form of pins, and for discharging the window on shafts mounted shearing blades. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the loosening elements are made in the form of blades spaced along the shaft. 3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the blades are mounted on the shafts by means of removable elements of a semi-cylindrical shape, tightened together by fasteners. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in the feeder housing in front of the discharge window, a hatch is made under each shaft. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the weighing conveyor is made in the form of a conveyor belt equipped with weighing means. 6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the weighing means are made in the form of tensometric supports of the conveyor belt. 7. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the rotation drive of each shaft is made with a variable frequency motor.

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