RU2634620C1 - Method for obtaining fodder additive from starfish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes preparing raw materials, enzymatic treatment, drying, grinding, packaging and storage. The prepared raw material is subjected to enzymatic treatment with an enzyme preparation of collagenase in an amount of 0.25-1% to the weight of the raw material, with the water duty of 1:0.4, at a temperature of 35-55°C, pH 6.0, for 2-4 hours. Drying is carried out at the temperature of 45°C.

EFFECT: increasing the biological value of a fodder product from starfish.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of feed additives from aquatic biological resources, in particular from starfish, for example Patiria pectinifera, Evasterias echinosoma, and is intended for use in agriculture and veterinary medicine.

Starfish belong to the biological type of echinoderms (Echinodermata). The high content of minerals and the presence of collagen in the muscle tissue of starfish predetermined the feasibility of developing biotechnological effects in the processing of this raw material.

A known method for the production of feed additives chondroprotective orientation from waste marine hydrobionts. Muscle-cartilaginous tissue of cephalopod mollusk heads and salmon fish heads are used as raw materials. Muscle-cartilage tissue of cephalopod mollusk heads is crushed and mixed with an enzyme solution, at a ratio of raw materials: enzyme solution equal to 1: 0.5, which consists of the enzyme preparation CelloLux-F or Cellloviridin V G20x in the amount of 2.9-3.4 g which corresponds to an activity of 580-680 Ae / kg of raw material, 0.1% sodium benzoate, 1.0% sodium chloride and the rest is water. The heads of fish of salmon breeds are crushed and mixed with the enzyme solution at a ratio of raw materials: enzyme solution equal to 1: 0.25-1: 0.75, which consists of the enzyme preparation Protomegaterin G20x in the amount of 1.66-1.86 g, which corresponds to 1667-1864 PE / kg of raw materials, 0.1% sodium benzoate, 1.0% sodium chloride and the rest is water. Hydrolysis is carried out simultaneously in different containers at a temperature of 37-43 ° C for 2.0-2.5 hours for heads of cephalopods and for 4.5-5.0 hours for heads of salmon fish. A hydrolyzate from the muscular-cartilaginous tissue of cephalopod mollusk heads, a hydrolyzate from salmon fish heads and a bone sediment are separated from the obtained suspensions. And then either a hydrolyzate from the musculo-cartilaginous tissue of the cephalopod mollusk heads is mixed with a hydrolyzate from the heads of salmon species and a bone residue in a ratio of 0.9: 1, and then dried. Either the hydrolyzate from the heads of fish of salmon breeds, the bone sediment and the hydrolyzate from the heads of cephalopods are dried separately and then mixed depending on the feed formulation (RF Patent No. 2460313, A23K 1/10, A23L 1/326. Publish. September 10, 2012) .

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process associated with the use of two enzymes, the simultaneous hydrolysis of two types of raw materials and mixing the resulting products.

A known method of obtaining a feed additive from starfish of the Barents Sea Solaster endeca, including grinding them after thawing, extraction with chloroform-methanol (2: 1), distillation of the solvent, water extraction, washing and drying (Momdzhyan M.M.Study of the chemical composition of starfish and corals of the Barents Sea for the purpose of their comprehensive utilization // Abstract of the dissertation. 02.00.10. Bioorganic chemistry. - M .: 1992. - 19 p.).

The disadvantage of this method is the two-stage extraction: with a mixture of organic solvents - chloroform-methanol to extract lipids and water to remove saponins, while the entire lipid fraction and a significant part of biologically valuable extractive (water-soluble) substances are removed from the feed product, which reduces its biological value. In addition, a toxic solvent is used - methanol and chloroform.

Closest to the claimed is a method of processing starfish of the Barents Sea: Asterias rubens, Crossaster papposus, Urasterias lincki, Solaster endeca, Hippasteria phygiana in order to obtain a protein-mineral feed supplement. Raw materials are prepared, for this, starfish frozen to a temperature of minus 14 ° C are thawed in water to a temperature of 0 - minus 1 ° C or in air at a temperature of 18-20 ° C for 3-3.5 hours. Then sent to infrared drying at a temperature of 60 ° C for 4 hours. Drying is carried out until the water content in the product is less than 10%. Dried stars are crushed to a powder with a particle size of 0.01-2 mm, packaged and stored at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C for no more than 24 months at a relative humidity of not more than 85%. Protein-mineral fodder mixture from starfish was called “Asteriaphodder” (Golyak I.V. Technology of processing starfish to obtain protein-mineral fodder additives // Innovative technologies for processing food raw materials: mater. International scientific and technical conf. - Vladivostok: Dalrybvtuz, 2011 - S. 69-71).

The disadvantage of this method is that in the feed product biopolymers remain in their native state and are difficult to access for animals. In addition, proteins are chemically bound to biologically active substances, which negatively affects the digestibility of the feed additive and generally reduces its biological value.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the biological value of the feed product from starfish, improve the digestibility of animals when using it.

The problem is solved in that in the method of obtaining a feed additive from starfish, including the preparation of raw materials, drying, grinding, packaging, storage, according to the invention, the prepared raw materials are subjected to enzymatic treatment with the enzyme preparation of collagenase in an amount of 0.25-1.0% by weight of raw materials , with a hydraulic module of 1: 0.4 at a temperature of 35-55 ° C, pH-6.0, for 2-4 hours, drying is carried out at a temperature of 45 ° C.

Or, before drying, the fermented mass is separated into a dense part and a liquid hydrolyzate and dried separately.

The technical result of the invention is the production of a feed additive with high biological value due to enzymatic treatment, by means of which hydrolytic cleavage of chemical bonds in protein macrostructures of starfish occurs, as a result of which mineral substances, amino acids, glycosides, amino sugars, lipids are released, which become more accessible for digestion in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. This increases the assimilation of the body of the animal of all the valuable components of the feed additive.

The rational parameters of starfish hydrolysis, characterizing the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, were experimentally substantiated: concentration of the enzyme preparation, temperature, pH of the medium, duration of hydrolysis, hydromodule. The hydrolysis efficiency was evaluated by the amount of accumulated amine nitrogen and the degree (depth) of hydrolysis.

In the experimental work, we used all parts of the body of starfish (highly mineralized integumentary tissue and internal organs that make up from 5 to 22% by weight) caught in the Severnaya Bay, Khasansky District, Primorsky Territory, Evasterias echinosoma and Patiria pectinifera.

Enzymatic processing was carried out in a thermostat at temperatures of 35-55 ° C _; using an enzyme preparation - collagenase (proteolytic activity - 164.3 PE / g), which was previously dissolved in water. The proteolytic activity of the enzyme, established experimentally, is somewhat different from the original one and amounts to 165 PE / g.

The effect of the concentration of the enzyme preparation and the duration of hydrolysis on the accumulation of amine nitrogen are presented in table. one.

In FIG. 1 shows the dependence of the degree of hydrolysis on the duration of the enzymatic treatment and the concentration of the enzyme preparation collagenase.

The results allow us to conclude that within the range of enzyme concentrations from 0.25 to 1% within 5 hours, the degree of hydrolysis in one range is achieved, the average value of which is 34%. This value can be obtained by reducing the duration of fermentolysis to 4 hours. In this regard, a rational hydrolysis duration of 4 hours was adopted.

The effect of temperature on enzymatic hydrolysis is due to two main processes. On the one hand, with increasing temperature, the rate of hydrolysis, like any chemical reaction, increases, but its activity decreases due to denaturation of the enzyme molecule, which leads to a decrease in the process speed.

Under the conditions of this experiment, an enzyme concentration of 1% was used, the hydrolysis duration was 4 hours, the treatment was carried out at the following temperature range: 35; 45 and 55 ° C.

The results of determining the influence of the temperature of the hydrolysis process on the amount of amino nitrogen are presented in table. 2.

The dependence of the degree of hydrolysis on the process temperature over time is expressed graphically and is presented in FIG. 2.

As can be seen from the graph shown in FIG. 2, the degree of hydrolysis at the maximum duration of the process (4 h) ranged from 33 to 77%. Moreover, with a hydrolysis duration of 2 hours, a temperature of 55 ° C and an enzyme concentration of 1%, a degree of hydrolysis is achieved, having a value close to the average value from the indicated range of 54%.

From the data obtained it follows that the temperature of the reaction medium significantly affects the degree of hydrolysis. So, after 4 hours of enzymatic treatment at a temperature of 45 and 55 ° С, the degree of hydrolysis under these conditions reached high values and amounted to 62 and 77%, respectively. It is likely that upon further exposure, the degree of hydrolysis reaches an extremum.

It is known that the hydromodule (the ratio of raw materials and water) determines the concentration of protein and enzyme in solution and their interaction. Upon dilution of the substrate, dissolution and diffusion of the substrate are enhanced, which facilitates the enzyme-substrate interaction. On the other hand, a decrease in protein concentration helps to reduce the stability of the enzyme (denaturation) during hydrolysis. Over time, the processes of denaturation intensify, respectively, the greater the degree of dilution, the stronger the processes of denaturation in time. Like all other hydrolysis parameters, the value of the hydromodule will be individual for each process and should be selected empirically. It should be noted that the greater the value of the hydromodule, the more diluted the hydrolyzate will be.

In this study, the concentration of the enzyme was used - 1.0%, the temperature regime - 55 ° C, the duration of hydrolysis -2 h, the range of the hydraulic module: 1: 1.0; 0.8; 0.6; 0.4; 0.2.

The results of determining the dependence of the efficiency of hydrolysis (amine nitrogen accumulation and degree of hydrolysis) on the hydromodule of the reaction mixture are presented in table. 3.

It was found that with a decrease in the hydraulic module to 1: 0.4, the degree of hydrolysis increases to 95%, i.e. a decrease in substrate dilution facilitates the enzyme-substrate interaction. This is due to the high water content in the feed.

Based on the results, a rational hydraulic module is 1: 0.4. Under these conditions, the maximum degree of hydrolysis is achieved - 95%.

Most enzymes characteristically change their activity depending on pH. For various proteolytic enzymes, the pH optimum ranges widely from strongly acidic for pepsin to moderately alkaline for serine proteinases.

Collagenolytic proteases from crab hypatopanreas exhibit maximum activity in the pH range from 6 to 9.

It should be noted that the resulting hydrolyzate has a pH of 6.

In this study, the concentration of the enzyme was used - 1.0% at a temperature of 55 ° C, a water module - 1: 0.4.

The results on the accumulation of amine nitrogen depending on pH are presented in table. four.

The dependence of the degree of hydrolysis on the pH value is expressed graphically and is shown in FIG. 3.

From the diagram shown in FIG. 3, it follows that changing the pH to the alkaline side reduces the activity of the enzyme preparation, thereby reducing the degree of hydrolytic decomposition of the protein.

The developed method for producing a feed additive from starfish allows one to purposefully adjust its chemical composition by separating the fermented mass into its constituent parts: liquid and dense and their subsequent drying separately. In the first case, an additive with a high content of protein substances and a low content of mineral substances is obtained, and in the second case, the opposite.

The method involves the use of freshly caught, chilled or frozen raw materials: starfish Patiria pectinifera and Evasterias echinosoma.

A method of obtaining a feed additive is as follows.

Starfish are prepared: if necessary, they are thawed, washed with water from contaminants, cut into 10-15 mm pieces, and water is added. The enzyme preparation collagenase (proteolytic activity - 164.3 PE / g) in the amount of 0.25-1% by weight of the raw material is dissolved in water and added to the prepared raw material. The total amount of water added is 1: 0.4 hydromodule. The fermentation process is carried out at a temperature of 45-55 ° C, pH-6.0, for 2 to 4 hours. The obtained hydrolyzate and a dense mineralized precipitate are dried, or after enzymatic treatment, the hydrolyzate and a dense mineralized precipitate are separated in a centrifuge and then dried separately at a temperature of 45 ° C until the water content in the product is less than 10%. The dried product is ground to flour, packaged, packaged and sent for storage.

Example 1. Four kg of starfish Patiria pectinifera and Evasterias echinosoma in a 1: 1 ratio are washed with water from pollution. Cut into pieces 10-15 mm in size, add 1 liter of water. The enzyme preparation collagenase (proteolytic activity - 164.3 PE / g) in the amount of 40 g is dissolved in 0.6 l of water and added to the raw material. The total amount of added water is 1.6 l, which is 1: 0.4 hydraulic module. The mixture is heated to 45 ° C and maintained at this temperature for 2 hours, dried at a temperature of 45 ° C to a water content in the product of less than 10%. The dried product is ground to flour, packaged, packaged and sent for storage. The feed additive is a brown powder with a content of: water 9.8%, protein 31.0%, minerals 55.0%, lipids 4.2%.

Example 2. Analogously to example 1, but the amount of enzyme is 10 g and the duration of the fermentation is 4 hours. The feed additive is a brown powder with a content of: water 9.9%, protein 30.7%, minerals 55.1%, lipids 4.3%.

Example 3. Analogously to example 1, but the amount of enzyme is 20 g and the duration of the fermentation is 3 hours. The feed additive is a brown powder with a content of: water 10.0%, protein 31.8%, minerals 54.2%, lipids 4.0%.

Example 4. Analogously to example 1, but after fermentation, the hydrolyzate after separation of the solid residue is dried at a temperature of 45 ° C to a water content in the product of less than 10%. The dried product is ground to flour. The feed additive is a brown powder with a content of: water 9.9%, protein 62.5%, minerals 11.6%, lipids 3.4%.

Example 5. Analogously to example 1, but after the end of fermentation, the solid residue after separation of the hydrolyzate is dried at a temperature of 45 ° C to a water content in the product of less than 10%. The dried product is ground to flour. The feed additive is a brown powder with a content of: water 9.7%, protein 12.5%, minerals 69.6%, lipids 2.2%.

The high content of mineral substances, especially calcium, in the starfish feed additive allows recommending it as a functional component in the composition of feed for laying hens.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining a feed additive from starfish, including the preparation of raw materials, drying, grinding, packaging, storage, characterized in that the prepared raw materials are subjected to enzymatic treatment with an enzymatic preparation of collagenase in an amount of 0.25-1% by weight of the raw material, with a hydraulic module of 1: 0.4, at a temperature of 35-55 ° C, pH 6.0, for 2-4 hours, and drying is carried out at a temperature of 45 ° C. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that before drying the fermented mass is divided into a dense part and a liquid hydrolyzate and dried separately.

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