RU2634145C1 - Method of high-clay beneficiation of placer sands predominantly with fine and thin gold - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method includes feeding hydraulic mixture and separation of mineral hydraulic mixture component into fractions by creating a profile of flow velocities due to installation of flow deformations in inclined chute with smooth bottom, taking into account dilution of hydraulic mixture, change of inclination of inclined chute and granulometric composition of gold, discharge of slurry in benefication working cycle and periodically automated cleaning of heavy fraction from zones with removable and automatically controlled lifting of templates by means of an irrigation system. In the process of the benefication working cycle, the hydrodynamic effects of the resonance type are periodically formed as mineral hydraulic mixture enters the front part of the inclined chute with disintegration system of clay inclusions by means of flat stationary dividers rigidly fixed by supports on the sides of the inclined chute from two sides in the fron and the middle portions of the inclined chute, between the zones of heavy fracion deposition with templates. The dividers are installed in pairs by cross-piece under inclines relative to the planes parallel to the smooth bottom, at angles of 10° to 20° and in a certain sequence from the top to the bottom, in the front part of the inclined chute depending on dynamics of disintegration of highly-clay sands with gaps between each other and the smooth bottom, exceeding the maximum size of the pellets of clay inclusions in the mineral hydraulic mixture, and oriented at one angle equal to 90°, towards mineral hydraulic mixture, for formation of rarefied areas under smooth and flat stationary dividers, providing formation of cavitation effect facilitating destruction of clay inclusions and extraction of fine and fine mineral particles of valuable components.

EFFECT: increased performance by providing efficiency of disintegration process of hydraulic mixture mineral component of high-clay placers of noble metals with high content of thin fractions of valuable components.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of natural and industrial high-clay alluvial mineral deposits with a high content of fine and fine gold.

Known methods for washing gold sands using waves of various physical nature [1-4], as well as hydrodynamic effects [5-6].

The use of electric discharge and ultrasonic systems for the disintegration of high clay sands of placers of precious metals is associated with safety, especially in open working conditions, and with an increase in operating costs for maintenance and energy consumption. A substitute for it for wide practical application may be methods of disintegration of the mineral component of the hydraulic mixture under conditions of resonant acoustic phenomena in the hydraulic flow, which are much safer during operation and less costly for maintenance [5-6].

However, such installations require large expenditures for design and manufacturing, and during operation they are laborious when changing worn-out internal devices that create a cavitation effect.

An alternative may be simpler open-type installations in the form of gateways. An example of such a setup can be a plant for the enrichment of placer sands [7], which provides high productivity due to multi-level and automatic lifting of stencils.

However, these plants are designed for sands with a low content of clay component - up to 25% and do not provide sufficient enrichment efficiency. Loss of fine particles at the gateways is up to 58%.

A dressing gateway is known, consisting of a trench with parallel sides and a smooth bottom, on the bottom of which are laid mats with stencils, which are made of round material with stops, connected along the entire length of the connecting plates that are not in contact with the mats, round material and are located in the middle and tail parts of the gateway in such a way that they form between themselves slots parallel to the sides of the gateway. Additional disintegration and segregation of particles occurs by impact of solid particles on the stops and connecting plates of the stencils of round material [8].

The disadvantage of this installation is a decrease in productivity due to the complexity of the process of removal of the selected concentrate.

Known gateway for sand enrichment, consisting of an inclined bottom with sides, catching elements in the form of solid sills, mounted on the bottom, drive vibrations and irrigation. The bottom with sides is installed with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination up to negative. Solid sills are installed only at the rear of the bottom, and the remaining sills are made intermittent, consisting of alternating walls and gaps between them, the walls of adjacent sills are placed in a checkerboard pattern, and grooves with discharge holes are made in front of the lower solid sills, under which bottom holes are placed with the possibility of longitudinal movement of the cartridge [9]. In this design, additional disintegration is carried out by means of a harrow, which is driven into oscillatory motion by means of an oscillation drive.

The disadvantages of this installation are additional energy consumption, wear of the installation due to additional vibration of the harrow, affecting the entire structure, and the complexity of the removal of the resulting product.

The closest in technical essence is the enrichment method [10], which includes the separation of the material into two fractions by creating a flow velocity profile by installing flow deformers in an inclined chamber and separating the flow using flow cutoffs. Separation of the material is carried out in two stages, while in the first stage the pulp is fed into the first chamber, made in the form of an inclined groove, in which cylindrical rods installed in the bottom of the groove perpendicular to the direction of flow, are used as flow deformers due to the flow colliding the rods create a zone of reduced velocity of the flow above the hole in the bottom of the first trough, the moving flow over which is separated using a gate with an adjustable angle of inclination. The material flowing from the aforementioned hole for the second separation stage is transferred, previously mixed with water, to the second chamber, made in the form of an inclined trough, in which at least one cylindrical rod installed in the bottom of the trough is used as flow deformers perpendicular to the direction of flow in front of the hole in the bottom of the gutter, due to the collision of the stream with a cylindrical rod, a zone of reduced velocity of flow above the hole in the second part of the second trough, to which a trap is attached, designed to extract particles from the pulp stream, having an opening in the lower part through which the concentrate is discharged from the second trough.

The disadvantage of this installation is a decrease in productivity due to the complexity of the process of removal of the selected concentrate.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase productivity by ensuring the efficiency of the process of disintegration of the mineral component of the hydraulic mixture of high clay placers of precious metals with a high content of fine and fine fractions of valuable components by deep disintegration of solid when modulating resonant acoustic phenomena in hydroflow formed by stationary hydrodynamic dividers.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of beneficiation of high-clay sands of placers with predominantly fine and fine gold, including the supply of mineral slurry and its separation into fractions by creating a profile of flow rates due to the installation of flow deformers in an inclined trough with a smooth bottom, taking into account liquefaction of mineral slurry, changes in the slope of the inclined trough and the grain size distribution of gold, sludge discharge in the enrichment work cycle and periodic automated through system irrigation volumes, rinsing of the heavy fraction of the mineral component of the mineral slurry from the deposition zones of the heavy fraction with automatic lifting of the stencils, during the enrichment work cycle periodically generate resonance-type hydrodynamic effects when the mineral slurry enters the front of the inclined trench with a clay and clay inclusions disintegration system through smooth and flat stationary dividers, rigidly fixed by stops on the sides of the inclined trough on both sides in the front and middle parts x inclined gutter, between the jigging areas of the heavy fraction with stencils, and installed in pairs crosswise under the slopes with respect to planes parallel to the smooth bottom, at angles from 10 ° to 20 °, and in a certain sequence from top to bottom in front of the inclined gutter in depending on the dynamics of disintegration of high clay sands with gaps between each other and a smooth bottom that exceeds the maximum size of pellets of clay inclusions in the mineral slurry, and oriented at a single angle of 90 ° towards the mineral drosmesi to form a smooth and flat stationary dividers sparse regions, ensuring the formation of the cavitation effect, contributes to the destruction of clay inclusion and release of small and thin mineral particles of the components.

The possibility of forming the required sequence of actions by the proposed means allows us to solve the problem, determines the novelty, industrial applicability and inventive step of development.

The method of enrichment of high clay sands of placers with predominantly small and thin gold is carried out using the automated complex shown in the drawings.

In FIG. 1 is a general view of an automated complex; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale, shows one of the installation options on one of the sides of the inclined trough smooth and flat stationary dividers by means of suspensions; in FIG. 3 is a graph of the obtained dependence of the intensity of disintegration of samples of the investigated field.

The automated complex 1 is equipped with an inclined trough 2 with a smooth bottom 3 and flow deformers 4, taking into account the dilution of the mineral slurry, changes in the slope 5 of the inclined trough 2 and the grain size distribution of gold. The jigging zones 6 of the heavy fraction are equipped with stencils 7 that are removable and automatically controlled by the automated control system 8. The irrigation system 9 is also connected to the automated control system 8. The inclined trough 2 is equipped with a disintegration system 10 of clay inclusions of mineral slurry with smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 which are rigidly fixed by stops 12 on the sides 13 of the inclined groove 2 on both sides 14, 15 in the front 16 and middle parts 17 of the inclined groove 2, between the zones heavy fragments 6 with stencils 7. Smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 are mounted in pairs crosswise 18 at an angle of 19 with respect to planes 20 parallel to 21 smooth bottom 3, at angles 22 ranging in size from 10 ° to 20 °, and in sequence from above down 23 depending on the dynamics of disintegration J of high clay sands in water. If the disintegration intensity curve J shows (Fig. 3) that the most effective process of disintegration in water was carried out in the first time interval, then there is a significant decrease in intensity, then the sequence of arrangement of smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 should be in the front 16 of the inclined trough 2 from above down 23, i.e. the first pairs 24 of stationary dividers 11 should be higher and the second pairs 25 lower. Smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 are installed with gaps 26 between each other 27 and gaps 28 with a smooth bottom 3, exceeding the maximum size of pellets 29 of clay inclusions in the mineral slurry, and oriented at a single angle 30 equal to 90 ° towards the mineral slurry 31. Circuit 32 on FIG. 2 positions the position of the inclined trough 2 in working condition. Smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 through articulated joints 33 are connected with suspensions 34, which are hung on the sides 13 and have joints 35, providing height adjustment 36.

The method of enrichment of high clay sands of placers with predominantly fine and thin gold is as follows.

Depending on the dynamics of the disintegration J of high clay sands, which is determined on the basis of the experimental results and taking into account the mass fraction (%) of the fraction of sample M disintegrated per unit time T, according to the formula:

J = M / T

carry out the installation of smooth and flat stationary dividers 11.

Example. In laboratory conditions, an experiment was conducted on the disintegration of samples of the Pospelikha deposit. The experiment was carried out at an average temperature of 22 ° C and a humidity of 65% by completely immersing the sample in a container with tap water. Water was purified by filtration using the REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM ATOLL 560. The average weight of the samples with an average initial moisture content of 4% ranged from 4462 g to 6082 g. At regular intervals, the liquid part was separated from the solid non-destroyed part of the samples. After sedimentation, the solid phase was placed in an oven. Then, dried at a temperature of 99 ° C, the solid component was cooled and weighed on an OHAUS Scout Pro SPU202 laboratory electronic balance to determine the mass of the disintegrated fraction. In FIG. Figure 3 shows the dependence of changes in the dynamics of disintegration J of the mass fraction of samples of the studied field depending on consecutive, equal in duration, time intervals. It was established in the experiment that the process of disintegration in water was most effective in the first time interval, then a significant decrease in intensity occurs, therefore, a certain sequence of arrangement of smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 should be carried out in the front 16 of the inclined trench 2 from top to bottom 23, i.e. the first pairs 24 of stationary dividers 11 should be higher and the second pairs 25 lower. Smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 of the disintegration system 10 of clay inclusions of mineral slurry are installed in pairs crosswise 18 at an angle of 19 with respect to planes 20 parallel to 21 smooth bottom 3, at angles 22 ranging in size from 10 ° to 20 °. The inclination 19 is adjusted by means of a swivel joint 33 with suspensions 34 and joints 35 providing height adjustment 36. Smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 are installed with gaps 26 between each other 27 and gaps 28 with a smooth bottom 3 exceeding the maximum size of pellets 29 of clay inclusions in mineral slurry, and oriented at a single angle 30 equal to 90 °, towards the mineral slurry 31, are hung on the sides 13 from two sides 14, 15 in the front 16 and middle parts 17 of the inclined trough 2, between the deposition zones 6 of the heavy fraction with stencils 7 and rigidly fixed stops 12.

Using the automated control system 8 of the automated complex 1, the mineral slurry is fed into the front part 16 of the inclined trough 2 with a smooth bottom 3. The mineral slurry is divided into fractions by creating a flow velocity profile by installing flow deformers 4 in the inclined trough 2 taking into account the dilution of the mineral hydraulic mixtures, changes in slope 5 of inclined trough 2 and grain size distribution of gold. Circuit 32 in FIG. 2 positions the position of the inclined trough 2 in working condition.

In the course of the enrichment work cycle, hydrodynamic effects of the resonance type are periodically generated when the mineral slurry enters the front part 16 of the inclined trough 2 with a disintegration system 10 of clay inclusions in the mineral slurry by means of smooth and flat stationary dividers 11 installed with gaps 26 and oriented at a single angle of 90 °, towards the mineral slurry. Under the smooth and flat stationary dividers 11, rarefied areas are formed, which ensure the formation of a cavitation effect, which contributes to the destruction of clay inclusions and the release of small and fine mineral particles of valuable components. In the enrichment work cycle, the sludge is drained and periodically automated, by means of the irrigation system 9, the rinsing of the heavy fraction of mineral slurry from the deposition zones 6 of the heavy fraction during automatic lifting of the stencils 7.

The method improves productivity by automating the control processes of all systems and ensuring the efficiency of the process of disintegration of the mineral component of the hydraulic mixture of high clay placers of precious metals with a high content of fine and fine fractions of valuable components.

Information sources

1. Bakharev S.A. The method of washing gold sands when using waves of various physical nature: Patent RU 2214866, IPC V03V 5/00, V03V 5/70, 10.27.2003.

2. Khrunina N.P., Mamaev Yu.A. The method of controlling the process of transformation of gold-bearing rocks: Patent RU 2276727, IPC E21C 45/00, 05.20.2006, Bull. Number 14.

3. Khrunina N.P. Roar-disintegrator with intensification of cavitation by combined exposure to ultrasound: Patent RU 2200629, IPC V03V 5/00, 7/00; B07B 1/00, 03.20.2003, Bull. No. 8.

4. Khrunina NP, Rasskazov I.Yu., Mamaev Yu.A. Method of acoustic-hydroimpulse softening and disintegration of highly plastic clay sands of gold placers: Patent RU 2433867, IPC V03V 5/00, Е21С 41/30, 11/20/2011, Bull. Number 32.

5. Khrunina N.P. The method of jet-acoustic disintegration of the mineral component of the hydraulic mixture and the hydrodynamic generator of acoustic vibrations: Patent RU 2506127, IPC V03V 5/00, 02/10/2014, Bull. Number 4.

6. Khrunina N.P. The method of disintegration of the mineral component of the slurry in conditions of resonant acoustic phenomena in the hydroflow and the geotechnological complex for its implementation: Patent RU 2506128, IPC V03V 5/00, publ. 02/10/2014, Bull. Number 4.

7. Mamaev Yu.A., Khrunina N.P. Installation for the enrichment of sand of placers: Patent RU 1559503, IPC V03V 5/70, 06/14/1994.

8. Smirnov V.A. Concentration gateway: Patent RU 2214869, IPC V03V 5/70, 10.27.2003.

9. Fedorov V.G. Gateway for sand enrichment: Patent RU 2433869, IPC B03B 5/70, 11/20/2011, Bull. Number 32.

10. Devil V.I., Vasin A.A. Enrichment method: Patent RU 2225259, IPC V03B 5/62, 03/10/2004.

Claims (1)

A method of enriching high-clay sands of placers with predominantly fine and fine gold, comprising supplying a mineral slurry and dividing it into fractions by creating a flow velocity profile by installing flow deformers in an inclined trench with a smooth bottom, taking into account the dilution of the mineral slurry, changing the slope of the inclined trench and particle size distribution gold, sludge discharge in the enrichment work cycle and periodic automated, through the irrigation system, rinsing of the heavy fraction of the mineral composition significant mineral slurry from the deposition zones of the heavy fraction during automatic lifting of the stencils, characterized in that during the enrichment working cycle periodically the hydrodynamic effects of the resonance type are generated when the mineral slurry enters the front of the inclined trench with a clay inclusions disintegration system by means of smooth and flat stationary dividers, rigidly fixed by stops on the sides of the inclined gutter from two sides in the front and middle parts of the inclined gutter, between the zones heavy fractions with stencils, and installed crosswise in pairs at slopes with respect to planes parallel to the smooth bottom, at angles from 10 ° to 20 ° and in a certain sequence from top to bottom in front of the inclined trough, depending on the dynamics of disintegration of high clay sands with the gaps between each other and the smooth bottom, exceeding the maximum size of pellets of clay inclusions in the mineral slurry, and oriented at a single angle of 90 ° towards the mineral slurry to form under dkimi and flat stationary dividers sparse regions, ensuring the formation of the cavitation effect, contributes to the destruction of clay inclusion and release of small and thin mineral particles of the components.

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