RU2633464C1 - Device and method for increasing missile velocity of fire weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a case, a shell, a powder propellant charge and a cap primer. The cap primer is located in the rear end of the case. Inside the case between the cap primer and the front end of the powder propellant charge, a fire tube, opened at one end, is coaxially installed. The cap primer is pressed into the rear end of the fire tube. The fire tube is filled with explosive substance having a detonation wave velocity an order of magnitude higher than the powder mass velocity of propellant charge. The type of the fire tube explosive, its material, diameter, length and shape are chosen from the condition that there is no deflagration when a fire pulse passes through it.

EFFECT: increase the fire effectiveness by increasing the velocity charge.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

"The technical field to which the invention relates"

The present invention relates to the field of construction of an artillery shell (cartridge) of a firearm, and more specifically to the internal ballistics of the projectile.

"Prior art"

A known method of dispersing a projectile (cartridge) in the barrel, which consists in using the energy of the gases of the propellant propellant charge when it is ignited. Ignition of the powder charge is carried out by an igniter capsule located on the bottom of the liner on the back (back) side of the powder charge (see the book Tretyakov G. M. Ammunition of artillery. - M .: 1946).

The disadvantages of the modern method of ignition of a propellant charge (gunpowder) are as follows:

- when the projectile moves in the barrel directly behind it and with it, the powder plug is accelerated — the front part of the powder charge has not yet burned. Due to the normal axial pressure of gases (up to 2–3 thousand atm.), The powder plug experiences the so-called Poisson radial transverse expansion and exerts radial pressure on the barrel wall. The product of this pressure by the area of contact and the coefficient of friction is the so-called Poisson friction force of the plug. Its value is comparable to and higher than the sliding friction force of the projectile (bullet) in the barrel, which limits the possible acceleration rate of the projectile;

- together with the mass of the projectile, the mass of the still unburned part of the powder tube is accelerated, which reduces the acceleration of the joint accelerated mass, and hence the velocity of the projectile itself;

- abrasion and physico-chemical oxidation of the inner surface of the barrel, which determines excessive heating and reduced life of the barrel;

- after the projectile (bullet) leaves the barrel, the unburned part of the gunpowder is released (10-20%), it is ignited by catching-up gases with a high temperature (500-800 ° C) and the formation of a large spherical flash of large diameter (up to 3-6 m ) and the brightness of the flame (from blue to bright white). This flash unmasks the location of the weapon (especially at night) for many kilometers;

- when firing from a handgun, a powder flash near the edge of the barrel temporarily hides the target and the result of the shot, and reduces the actual combat rate of fire of the weapon.

"Disclosure of inventions"

The objective of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of shooting by increasing the velocity of the projectile.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the device for increasing the speed of the projectile of a firearm, including a sleeve, a projectile, a propellant propellant charge and an igniter capsule located in the rear end part of the cartridge case, while inside the cartridge case between the capsule and the front end of the propellant propellant charge coaxially installed open with two ends of the fire tube, and the capsule is pressed into the rear end part of the fire tube, and the fire tube is filled with explosive having a detonation velocity us much higher propellant powder mass rate.

Also, the specified technical result is achieved due to the method of increasing the speed of the projectile of a firearm, including the use of the above device to increase the speed of the projectile of a firearm and igniting the propellant propellant charge from the front end side.

At the same time, during ignition of the charge, the solid part of the still not burnt powder tube remains at the bottom of the sleeve, which determines the following features of the internal ballistics:

1) Poisson friction of the plug against the barrel is excluded. The magnitude of the friction forces of the powder gases on the surface of the barrel is several orders of magnitude lower than the solid plug moving behind the projectile in the prototype device,

2) the total accelerated mass in the barrel is reduced due to the immobility of the mass of the tube.

These features of the process provide higher acceleration acceleration and maximum acceleration velocity of the projectile (bullet) compared to the prototype and, as a result, indicators of the combat effectiveness of the weapon - projectile energy, penetration ability, firing range, accuracy, accuracy of battle, etc.

Structurally, this goal is achieved by the fact that the shell of the projectile (cartridge) has a tube located coaxially between the igniter capsule and the front end of the propellant charge to transmit a fire pulse from the capsule to the front end of the powder charge. The tube is filled with explosives, whose type, tube material, diameter, length and shape of the tube are selected from the condition that there is no deflagration during the passage of a fire pulse in it.

"A brief description of the drawings."

The drawing shows a diagram of a device for increasing the speed of a projectile of a firearm.

"Implementation of the invention"

The claimed device (design of the projectile) consists of a sleeve 1, a projectile 2, a powder propellant charge 3, an igniter 4 at the rear of the sleeve 1 and the fire tube 5. The igniter 4 is pressed into the rear end part of the fire tube 5 and does not touch the rear parts with the main propellant propellant charge 3.

The proposed design of the projectile (cartridge) works as follows. When the striker strikes the igniter 4, it ignites and transfers the fire pulse to the intermediate explosive charge in the fire tube 5 and then to the front end of the main propellant propellant charge 3. The shock wave in it propagates back from the front end of the charge to the rear. The formed gases act on the rear end of the projectile 2, the part of the powder tube that has not yet been burnt remains at the bottom of the cartridge case 1 and does not move in the barrel behind the projectile 2, which determines the absence of Poisson friction forces for it.

The proposed device and method for igniting a powder charge can be applied to shells of separate loading - large-caliber rounds, mortars, etc.

The lack of mechanical force of friction of the tube on the surface of the barrel reduces its mechanical abrasion, heating and physical and mechanical oxidation.

The "exhausted" powder gases leaving the barrel following the projectile do not contain "free" gunpowder, and there is no fire flare beyond the barrel section. After the release of projectile 2, the combustion of the powder remaining at the bottom of the sleeve 1 of the cork occurs in the barrel itself, which also weakens and (or) eliminates a bright fire flare beyond the barrel cut.

To prevent the penetration of gases into the gap between the projectile 2 and the barrel between the rear end of the projectile 2 and the propellant propellant charge 3 can be installed jacquent-sealer (not shown).

Claims (2)

1. A device for increasing the speed of a projectile of a firearm, including a sleeve, a projectile, a propellant propellant charge and an igniter capsule, located in the rear end part of the cartridge case, characterized in that inside the cartridge case between the igniter capsule and the front end of the propellant propellant charge, coaxially mounted open from one the end of the fire tube, and the igniter capsule is pressed into the rear end part of the fire tube, which is filled with explosive having an detonation wave velocity of an order of magnitude yshe speed propellant powder mass, the type of explosive fire tube, its material, diameter, length and shape are chosen from the condition of absence deflagration the passage therein firing pulse. 2. A method of increasing the velocity of a projectile of a firearm, characterized in that the propellant propellant charge is ignited from its front side, for which a device according to claim 1 is used.

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