RU2631078C1 - Method of utilizing regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen supply with expired service life - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: for the implementation of the process, regenerative cartridges and briquettes with expired service life are opened, the bodies are depressurized and the active peroxide mass of alkali metals is extracted, which is mixed with crystalline calcium chloride in the ratio of 1.4:1.0 by weight, distilled water is added in the amount 4-5 times greater than the total mixture amount, excluding the possibility of foaming by maintaining the temperature at a level not exceeding 40°C, the reaction mass is maintained at the temperature of 40°C for 4 hours, the formed layers are divided on a separation funnel. The layer containing the peroxide compounds of calcium is filtered off and dried at the temperature of not more than 120°C for 6 hours.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of utilisation, producing calcium peroxide with a wide range of applications, increasing environmental safety in neutralisation process.

1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of neutralization and disposal of peroxide inorganic compounds, and in particular to the development of a method for the disposal of regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen supply containing sodium and potassium peroxides, unsuitable for use and further storage.

Utilization (destruction) of regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen supply for isolating gas masks is a complex technical task that requires the development of technologies and safety systems for its implementation. Since the spent regenerative cartridges (regardless of the duration of their use) and briquettes of additional oxygen supply after completion of work are handed over for destruction. The assigned shelf life of the RP regenerative cartridge and DP-T briquettes, depending on the type of packaging and assembly, is 8 years. Given the fact that they are on the supply units of the Ministry of Emergencies and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the solution to this problem is very relevant.

Recycling is one of the means of protecting the environment, resource conservation and maintaining the raw material base, implemented at almost all stages of the product life cycle. Incineration, burial, or other methods of destroying products are not waste.

Known methods for their destruction by burning or by hydrolytic destruction carried out in special artificial reservoirs [Insulating gas mask IP-5. Technical description and operating manual No. 5145. Ed. 3. - 1985. - 52 p. TU No. 5140 for RP-5 regenerative cartridge. TU No. 5139 for briquette of additional oxygen supply DP-T].

When destroyed by burning, a high combustion temperature is formed, and a high explosion hazard of the work is maintained. The use of hydrolytic processes for the disposal of regenerative cartridges is possible in special reservoirs. Both methods are characterized by extremely low environmental friendliness and the inability to isolate targeted recycling products.

The objectives of the invention are to develop a method for the utilization of regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen supply with expired lifetimes, production of calcium peroxide, a product with a wide range of applications in various fields of economic activity (table 1), as well as reducing fire and explosion hazard and ensuring environmental safety during works.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of disposal of regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen supply with expired life, based on opening, depressurization of the bodies, extraction of active peroxide mass and hydrolytic destruction, according to the proposed technical solution, the extracted active peroxide mass of alkali metals is mixed with crystalline chloride calcium in a ratio of 1.4: 1.0 by weight, the mixture is stirred, distilled water is added in an amount 4-5 times which reduces the total amount of the mixture, excluding the possibility of foaming by maintaining the temperature at a level not exceeding 40 ° С, maintain the reaction mass at a temperature of 40 ° С for 4 h, separate the formed layers on a separatory funnel, the layer containing calcium peroxide compounds is filtered off and dried at a temperature of not more than 120 ° C for 6 hours

The essence of the method is to conduct sequential and parallel chemical reactions (for example, calcium chloride), described by equations 1, 2, 3 and balance equation 4, after the operations of depressurization of the shells, opening, extracting the active peroxide mass and mixing it with dry calcium chloride and dosage of water at a temperature of the reaction mass not higher than 40 ° C:

Example 1

In a 1000 ml reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a mechanical stirrer, 55 g of calcium chloride and 78 g of the active peroxide mass of alkali metals extracted from regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen are charged, mixed and served up to 400 ml of distilled water . Water is supplied to the reactor so that the temperature in the reactor does not exceed 40 ° C and there is no intense foaming (gas evolution). At the end of the water supply, the resulting reaction mass (suspension) is maintained at a temperature of 40 ° C for 4 hours and the forming layers are separated on a separatory funnel. The layer containing calcium peroxide compounds is filtered off and dried at a temperature of not more than 120 ° C for 6 hours. 49.7 g of product are obtained. The yield of the target product is 92%.

The practical application of this method will increase the efficiency of measures for the utilization of regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen supply, obtain calcium peroxide with a wide range of applications in various fields of economic activity, reduce fire and explosion hazard and ensure environmental safety during work (table 1).

Claims (1)

The method of disposal of regenerative cartridges and briquettes of additional oxygen supply with expired lifetimes, based on opening, depressurization of the bodies, extraction of the active peroxide mass and hydrolytic destruction, characterized in that the extracted active peroxide mass of alkali metals is mixed with crystalline calcium chloride in a ratio of 1.4: 1.0 by weight, the mixture is stirred, distilled water is added in an amount 4-5 times the total amount of the mixture, eliminating the possibility of foam by maintaining the temperature at a level not exceeding 40 ° С, the reaction mass is maintained at a temperature of 40 ° С for 4 h, the formed layers are separated on a separatory funnel, the layer containing calcium peroxide compounds is filtered off and dried at a temperature of no more than 120 ° С within 6 hours