RU2626731C2 - Method for treatment of fruit and berry crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for the treatment of fruit and berry crops is carried out with a mixture prepared on the basis of 0.2% aqueous solution of para-aminobenzoic acid with the addition of potassium humate at the rate of 5 g/l, ash of burned cut-off branches at the rate of 50 g/l, and the biologic preparation Fitoverm in the amount of 2 ml per 5 l of the solution. The treatment is carried out three times: in the autumn before preparing for the winter, in the spring before the bud swelling and during the flowering period.

EFFECT: method allows to increase the productivity of fruit and berry crops, to reduce the morbidity and damage by pests.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology and agriculture, in particular to biological methods for protecting fruit crops from pests and diseases.

There is a method in which biological agents are used in a mixture of biofungicides, which are sprayed with trees and shrubs of fruit and berry crops 1-2 times in the autumn, post-harvest period (patent No. 2458503, IPC A01G 13/00, published on 08/18/2012).

However, in the known method in the fight against infectious diseases using a mixture of three to six types of biofungicides, which have different antibacterial orientation, affecting simultaneously the beneficial microflora, partially reducing the quality of the fruit.

There is also known a method where an aqueous solution of the gibberellin preparation GibberROS is used at a dose of 30-60 g / ha during the growing season (patent No. 2183405, IPC A01N 63/04, A01G 7/00, published on 06/20/2002).

This method allows you to stimulate the growth and development of fruit crops, but at the same time they do not provide a decrease in their incidence by phytopathogenic organisms and pests.

There is also a method of preparing pome fruits for storage by processing fruit tree trees during budding, in which an aqueous solution of the glycine amino acid is used (patent No. 2283576, IPC A01F 25/00, published on 09/20/2006).

The disadvantage of this method is that the processing of fruit crops is used only during budding and fruit crops are not protected from damage by phytopathogens.

The closest technical solution is a method that consists in processing fruit crops with amino acids, providing productivity and resistance to frost in the winter (patent No. 2485764, IPC A01G 17/00, A01G 1/00, A01G 7/00, publ. 06/27/2013 )

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that the processing of trees is carried out in mid-September on the crown of green foliage and only with the aim of increasing winter hardiness and productivity, while not providing resistance to diseases and damage by pests.

The technical result of the invention is to increase productivity and quality, reduce morbidity and damage by pests.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the processing of fruit and berry crops is carried out with an aqueous 0.2% solution of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), where potassium humate is added at a rate of 5 g / l, ash of burned pruned branches at a rate of 50 g / l and Fitoverm biological product in an amount 2 ml / 5 l of solution, moreover, the cultures are treated with the prepared mixture during the growing season in the spring before bud swelling, during flowering and in the fall before leaving for winter.

The method is as follows.

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) - vitamin B from group B, refers to amino acids, is part of folic acid, is involved in the synthesis of purines, a non-toxic genetically significant compound. The effectiveness of PABA is especially great with respect to traits that are determined to a lesser extent genotypically and more phenotypically. PABA affects all the traits that determine the structure of the crop, serves as the basis for increasing the adaptive properties of plants, in this case trees and shrubs.

PABA is a fine powder of white or cream color, soluble in hot water. To prepare the mixture prepare a working solution of PABA at the rate of 200 g per 10 l of water (2% solution) at a temperature of 70-80 ° C.

Hot water is mixed with cold water, bringing to a concentration of 0.2%. To the prepared solution add ash of burnt pruned branches in the amount of 500 g per 10 l of water. Ash has sorption properties and, present in an aqueous solution, PABA is a prolongator (gradually giving) for penetration into fruit and berry cells. Typically, ash from fruit and berry crops contains phosphorus more than 20%, potassium more than 30%, calcium, sulfur, magnesium and other elements in micro doses. In addition, residual amounts of diseases and pests are present in the trimmed branches.

Unlike the known compounds, potassium humate contains brown coals of rocks, a semi-functional liquid natural sorbent of the chelate type, includes a high content of carboxyl, phenolic groups, natural antioxidants, has high mobility, penetrating through the cell membrane, causing intense metabolism and the accumulation of necessary substances for development fruit, contains up to 80% potassium and up to 15% sodium active complexes of humic acids and fulvic acids and about 5% water-soluble compounds of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, cream tions and other rare and rare-earth elements necessary for the rapid and qualitative growth.

The introduced ash scares off entomophages parasitizing on fruit trees, contains a complex of microelements, creates favorable conditions for the biological product Fitoverm, which has fungicidal properties. Fitoverm contains 10 g of aversectin in 1 liter of the drug. Typically, this drug is used to combat the codling moth, scoop, ticks. In contrast to the known methods, this drug is used in a mixture with growth and development stimulants, fruit with a simultaneous improvement of soil fertility in the garden due to the use of ash and potassium humate.

PABA provides the adaptation of plants to diseases.

Example. In the fall, after pruning fruit and berry branches, burning was carried out. A PABA working solution was prepared, for which 10 L of water was heated to 80 ° C, in which 200 g of powder was dissolved. 10 l of ordinary water was added to the prepared solution to obtain a 0.2% solution, to which 1000 g of ash were added (at a rate of 500 g per 10 l), 100 g of potassium humate (at a rate of 5 g / l) and 8 ml of Fitoverm biological product (or 2 ml per 5 l of solution).

In autumn, such a mixture was processed in an amount of 3-4 liters per tree or bush of a berry. Before each treatment, a fresh solution was prepared. In the spring, treatment was performed before the swelling of the kidneys. During budding and flowering, re-processing was carried out.

The rationale for the selected parameters for the dosage of each component of the mixture is explained by their chemical composition, necessary to maintain soil fertility, reduce the incidence and susceptibility of pests, as well as increase the productivity and quality of fruit and berry crops.

Varieties of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.), Papirovka and Idared, common pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivar Bere Boek, sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivar Aelita, raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar Maryanushka and currant were selected as the object of research (Ribes nigrum L.) variety Consul. The results of the experiments are summarized in table.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the processing of fruit and berry crops is carried out with an aqueous 0.2% solution of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), where potassium humate is added at a rate of 5 g / l, ash of burned pruned branches at a rate of 50 g / l and Fitoverm biological product in an amount 2 ml / 5 l of solution, moreover, the cultures are treated with the prepared mixture during the growing season in the spring before bud swelling, during flowering and in the fall before leaving for winter.

Consequently, using PABA biological products, potassium humate, Fitoverm mixed with ash from burned pruned fruit and berry crops, it is possible to reduce the incidence and damage of pests, increase the mass of fruits and the quality of products.

In our experiments, the content of carbohydrates, pectin, vitamins increased optimally by 8-10%. The content of nutrients in the soil of the root part of trees increased due to humic substances contained in potassium humate.

Claims (1)

A method of processing fruit crops, which consists in stimulating their growth by treating trees and shrubs with amino acids, characterized in that the plants are treated with a mixture prepared on the basis of a 0.2% aqueous solution of para-aminobenzoic acid with the addition of potassium humate at a rate of 5 g / l, ash of burnt pruned branches at the rate of 50 g / l and Fitoverm biological product in the amount of 2 ml per 5 l of solution, and the treatment is carried out three times: in the fall before leaving for the winter, in the spring before the buds swell and during flowering.