RU2626170C1 - Complex for soil cultivation, applying fertilizers and sowing seeds of grass mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: complex contains tillage wheels that are equipped with rigidly attached arms. The disks are connected via the arms to the hydraulic motors by means of two shafts connected by the cardan. The latter are disposed in tubular racks and in a hopper. The shafts in the racks are made in the form of screws. The parts of the shafts located in cups are airtightly separated from the hopper by glands. The parts of the shafts in the hopper are equipped with blade agitators mounted along a helical line. Funnels equipped with dosing flaps, connected to the racks, are mounted in the hopper bottom.

EFFECT: expansion of functionalities, maneuverability, improving the quality of soil cultivation and moisture conservation, the reliability of the process of soil cultivation and sowing grass mixtures.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for tillage and sowing using the -strip-till- technology, sowing according to the -no-till- technology, sowing seeds of grass mixtures, cereal crops and applying granular fertilizers in natural meadows and pastures, and also in fields sown with perennial grasses.

A known agent for technology -no-till- under the name "Rowless grain seeder seeder" (see RF patent No. 2343669), including a frame that rests on the front self-mounted and rear wheels, a seed tank with sowing devices, flexible grain wires connecting the sowing apparatuses with coulters in the form of lancet paws, characterized in that the coulters are spaced in three rows, and the coulters of the first and second rows are fixed in pairs on one common frame, which rests on a support-adjusting roller and is connected with the frame of the seeder a parallelogram mechanism, and the third row openers are connected to the same frame beam using individual elongated leads and are equipped with track rollers mounted on the same leads, with two coulters installed behind each third row opener, located on both sides of the opener center line not less than half the width of the capture of one wing of the lancet paw, and behind the openers of the second row there is one earthing device located behind that wing of the lancet paw, which is facing the first opener, close captive on the same frame.

However, the disadvantages of this device include the following. 1. The quality of the soil treatment is low, as the coulters are made in the form of lancet paws, which does not ensure the preservation of the capillary layer in the soil, along which moisture rises to the sown seeds, which also does not guarantee maximum grain germination, disrupts the accelerated plant growth and yield even during drought, which, among other things, will not provide a seed bed for butyls of sunflower, corn of large-stalked weeds.

2. The sowing system does not ensure the reliability of sowing small-seeded crops, the seeds of which form arches and hang in the hopper.

Also known is a tillage device called "Sowing complex", or "Sowing complex R-4,2", or "Sowing complex R-4,2 Guamka" (see. Appendix to the application, which presents respectively: "Commercial offer for the sowing complex a new generation (“Plant substitute”) ”of the KONTINENT GROUP association, No. 10/14/25 of 09/19/2014 (Continent LLC TIN 7802417722 KPP 780201001 Russia, 194100, St. Petersburg, Lesnoy pr., 48, lit. A , agrotexrus@gmail.com.); RostTechAgrogg. Gryazi, 1B Peskovatskaya St.; Absheron Machine-Building Plant LLC, Russia, 352690, Krasnodar 1st region, Apsheronsk, Koroleva street, 122), which includes a drawbar that rests on a tractor hitch and on fifteen rollers sowing sowed grain - “UAZ” wheels, a seed tank with sowing units, flexible grain pipelines connecting the sowing units with coulters in the form of staggered three-row disc coulters, while the disks do not create pressure on the soil, since the cutting devices together with the disks are suspended from the frame, and their cutting forces are directed strictly in the horizontal plane, and underneath minimality pressure, but sufficient to cause the rise of capillary water to the grain, and its cutting units equipped with sealed double-row roller bearings.

This sowing complex operates on zero and minimal tillage technology. It is sown on stubble, on fallow fields, overgrown with shrubs, while organic matter is crushed and spread on the surface of the field, forming a "carpet" of mulch. Under its protection, seeds are laid on the preserved capillary layer, which creates the most favorable conditions for attracting atmospheric moisture into the soil through a dew point lying at a depth of two inches (according to Ovsinsky). This ensures maximum grain germination, accelerated plant growth and yield even during drought.

However, the disadvantage of the sowing complex is that the discs do not have a drive, they are driven into rotation due to the inclination of the discs and the resistance force of the soil that creates the torque. That is, sometimes weeds are not cut, but torn out, the soil does not loosen, as the discs roll over it, that is, the quality of sowing is deteriorating. The sowing system does not ensure the reliability of sowing small-seeded crops, the seeds of which form arches and hang in the hopper.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved economic effect is the “Device for tillage and fertilizing” (see RF patent No. 2370929), containing a frame, a hopper, rigidly fixed tubular racks with working bodies attached to them and fertilizer spreaders. The device has augers with actuators located in the cups, and the cups are connected by flanges with tubular racks mounted on the frame by means of brackets welded to the frame and equipped with a slide valve for adjusting the fertilizer application dose, and the working bodies are made in the form of flat disks rigidly mounted on tubular racks with tubular distributors fertilizers with a gap made along the generatrix of the pipe. In this case, the tubular racks are staggered and at an angle to the direction of movement to ensure that the discs are deepened into the soil. The screw drive is made in the form of hydraulic motors, and the valve actuator is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder. The device has augers with actuators located in the cups, and the cups are connected by flanges with tubular racks mounted on the frame by means of brackets welded to the frame and equipped with a slide valve for adjusting the fertilizer application dose, while the working bodies are made in the form of conical disks pivotally mounted on the racks, divided into spiral sectors with two surfaces, the first of which has a sharpening and a smaller angle of elevation than the second, and the fertilizer spreaders are made conical.

The disadvantages of this device is the following.

1. Flat discs are fixed rigidly, that is, they tear the soil, and conical hinged, but rotate due to the influence of the soil, that is, there are situations when they do not rotate and tear the soil. As a result, the quality of preparation of the seed bed is low, since the preservation of the capillary layer in the soil is not ensured.

2. The device is not equipped with a rolling system to ensure moisture conservation.

3. The device has low functionality: only surface treatment and fertilizing, there is no seed sowing operation, poor maneuverability due to the trailed system.

The technical result is the expansion of functionality, maneuverability, improving the quality of soil treatment and moisture conservation, the reliability of the soil treatment process and sowing grass mixtures.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a complex for tillage, fertilizing and sowing seeds of grass mixtures, including a frame, a hopper, staggered glasses, brackets for attaching to the frame, tubular stands fixed with flanges and placed at an angle, tillage disks with cutting elements having a hinge, hydraulic motors, screws, metering flaps driven by a hydraulic cylinder, according to the invention, the tillage discs are equipped with rigidly fixed leads, through which are connected to the hydraulic motors by means of two shafts connected by the cardan, located in the pipe racks and in the hopper, the shafts in the racks are made in the form of screws, part of the shafts in the cups are hermetically separated from the hopper by oil seals, part of the shafts in the hopper are equipped with rotary agitators arranged along a helical line, and funnels equipped with metering dampers connected to racks are mounted in the bottom of the hopper, and the screw faces of the screws are made of plastic, for example caprolon, and the frame is equipped with a rear rolling system mine, containing, made in the form of a pipe with mounted rubber tires through spacer sleeves, an ice rink, freely mounted on a rubber drum, pivotally mounted with bearings, and placed between the levers welded to the frame, and in front - linkage systems and support wheels.

The new elements are that the tillage discs are equipped with rigidly mounted leads, through which they are connected to the hydraulic motors by means of two shafts connected by the cardan, located in the pipe racks and in the hopper, the shafts in the racks are made in the form of screws, part of the shafts in the cups are hermetically sealed from the hopper with glands , parts of the shafts in the hopper are equipped with paddle agitators arranged along a helical line, and funnels equipped with metering dampers connected to the racks are mounted in the bottom of the hopper, and the molded faces of the screws are made of plastic, for example caprolon, and the frame is equipped with a rolling mechanism at the back, comprising, in the form of a pipe with rubber tires mounted through spacer sleeves, a roller, a rubber drum freely mounted on the pivotally mounted bearings and placed between the arms welded to the frame and in front with linkage and support wheels.

The novelty lies in the fact that the tillage discs are forced to rotate, due to which the quality of the tillage is improved even when it is overdried, and when combining the tillage with the application of mineral fertilizers, the fertility increases, and when combined with sowing of grass mixtures, it allows the restoration of natural meadows and pastures while crushing the soil with a skating rink allows for moisture conservation.

New elements and novelty are known to the agricultural and technical sciences, but the presented set of distinctive features is used for the first time.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows a complex for tillage, fertilizing and sowing seeds of grass mixtures: FIG. 1 is a plan view; in FIG. 2 is a side view; in FIG. 3-section aa; in FIG. 4 - enlarged fragment I; in FIG. 5 - section BB; in FIG. 6 - layout and control of 2 rows of metering dampers.

The complex for tillage, fertilizing and sowing seeds of grass mixtures consists of a frame 1 with transverse bars, which is equipped with three-point linkage systems 2 and support wheels 3. On the frame 1 there is a hopper 4 with a cover for loading granular fertilizers or seeds of grass mixtures, which is equipped with hydraulic motors on top 5, from below rigidly fixed with brackets to the bars of the frame 1, staggered by glasses 6 with flanges. At the rear, the frame 1 is equipped with two levers 7, in which a rubber drum 8 is mounted pivotally with bearings. A rubber roller 8 is put on the rubber drum 8 and consists of a pipe 9 with mounted automobile tires 10 distributed along the track of the working bodies with spacers 11. Towards the flanges cups 6 at an angle of 10-13 ° to the vertical are attached using flanges to the pipe rack 12, equipped with a hinged mount using bearings 13 tillage discs 14 with cutting elements. Moreover, the disks 14 are equipped with rigidly fixed leads 15, through which they are connected to the hydraulic motors 5 by means of two shafts 17 and 18 connected by a cardan 16, which are located in the pipe racks 12 and in the hopper 4. Moreover, the shafts 17 in the racks 12 are made in the form of screws 19, since equipped with screw faces made of plastic, for example caprolon. Parts of the shafts 18 in the cups 6 are hermetically separated from the hopper 4 by oil seals 20, and parts of the shafts 18 in the hopper 4 are equipped with rotary agitators 21 arranged along a helical line. In the bottom of the hopper 4 there are mounted metering dampers 22 driven by hydraulic cylinders 23 of the funnel 24 connected to the uprights 12. Hydromotors 5 and hydraulic cylinders 23 are connected to the tractor hydraulic system (not shown in the diagrams).

The work of the complex is as follows. First, on the frame 1 mounted on the tractor, with the help of the hinged system 2, the depth of tillage is adjusted using the support wheel system 3. Then, depending on the type of grass mixtures or granular fertilizers poured into the hopper 4, the position of the dampers 22 in the funnels 24 is regulated by the hydraulic cylinders 23. The complex is lowered into the working position, the motors 5 are turned on and the shuttle movement is carried out. At the same time, disks 14, flat with cutting elements (sharpening), pivotally mounted using bearings 13 on pipe racks 12, mounted at an angle of 10–13 ° with flanges to glasses 6, begin to rotate forcibly. The leashes 15 and the two shafts 17 and 18 connected by the cardan 16 contribute to this. Due to this, the soil layer is cut and raised at an angle of 10-13 °, due to which the quality of processing of overdried soil is improved, and / or has a large number of roots of different plants that are sod . 4 seeds of herbal mixtures or granules of mineral fertilizers are metered into this space from the hopper. The process of transporting seeds is as follows. In the bunker 4, agitators 21 placed along a helical line on the shaft 18, rotating constantly mix the mixture so that there are no arches. In this case, agitators 21 at the bottom of the hopper transport the mixtures to the windows of the funnels 24. The mixtures then pass through the slots created by the shutters 22 into the tube posts 12 and then are sent by screw faces of the screws 19 on the shaft 17 under the layers of the raised soil disks 14. Then, the soil is crushed by a roller made up of a pipe 9 with mounted automobile tires 10 distributed along the track of the working bodies with the help of spacer sleeves 11, which ensures moisture conservation and creates the most favorable conditions for attracting atmospheric moisture into the soil through a dew point lying at a depth of two inches (according to Ovsinsky). This ensures maximum grain germination, accelerated plant growth and yield even during drought. In this case, the pipe 9 is freely placed on the articulated rubber drum 8 between the levers 7, providing easy and reliable rolling of the pressing system. Made of plastic, for example caprolon, the screw faces of the screws 19 during rotation create a vacuum in the funnels 24, which facilitates the transportation of mixtures.

The use of the proposed complex for soil treatment, fertilizing and sowing seeds of grass mixtures will provide enhanced functionality, improving the quality of tillage and moisture conservation, the reliability of the soil processing and sowing grass mixtures. At the same time, when combining soil cultivation with the application of mineral fertilizers, fertility increases, and when combined with sowing of grass mixtures, it allows the restoration of natural meadows and pastures.

Claims (3)

1. A complex for tillage, fertilizing and sowing seeds of grass mixtures, containing a frame, a hopper, staggered glasses, brackets for attaching to the frame, tubular racks placed at an angle and fixed with flanges, tillage discs with cutting elements having hinged mounting, hydraulic motors, screws, metering flaps driven by a hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that the tillage discs are equipped with rigidly fixed leads through which they are connected to the hydraulic motors via ohms of two shafts connected by a cardan, located in pipe racks and in the hopper, the shafts in the racks made in the form of screws, part of the shafts in the cups are hermetically separated from the hopper by oil seals, and part of the shafts in the hopper are equipped with rotary agitators arranged along a helical line, while in the bottom hoppers mounted funnels equipped with metering dampers, connected to the racks. 2. Complex for tillage, fertilizing and sowing seeds of grass mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw faces of the screws are made of plastic, for example caprolon. 3. The complex for tillage, fertilizing and sowing seeds of grass mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a rolling mechanism at the back, comprising, in the form of a pipe with rubber tires mounted through spacer sleeves, a roller that is freely mounted on a hinge mounted with with the help of bearings, a rubberized drum and placed between levers welded to the frame, and in front by linkage and support wheels.

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