RU2626074C1 - Set of building blocks for construction of bearing walls and building partitions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for economical and ecological construction of rapidly erectable low-rise buildings with high bearing capacity of walls and partitions, without the use of binding materials and weight lifting mechanisms, without the involvement of a team of qualified builders and entirely from the same building blocks with unified articulator connectors. In the set of building blocks for the construction of bearing walls and building partitions there are ordinary and angular building blocks of the same type, which are interconnected. Each ordinary building block of the set is made in the form of a panel in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped consisting of three layers joined together - two panel parts and a layer of aggregate between them. Each angular building block of the set is made in the form of an assembly of two mutually perpendicular planes and modified ordinary building blocks connected with each other. The assembly of bearing walls and building partitions is carried out from a ready-made set of ordinary and angular building blocks by jointing adjacent building blocks in a vertical and horizontal plane according to the assembly scheme or the contour of the structure in the plan. In the process of assembling a building design, one building block is inserted into the other by means of an articulator connector, wherein each pedestal of each overlying building block of a certain type is being supported by the corresponding lower building block of the same type, thereby forming a single vertical multielement pedestal. In order to expand the technological capabilities of a building blocks' set, T-shaped and cross-shaped building blocks which allow to form various types of internal layouts of buildings are included to building blocks' set.

EFFECT: lightweight, ease of manipulation and ease of jointing of the same type of adjacent building blocks make the assembly of building designs of them possible by a non-specialist, manually and in a short time.

4 cl, 80 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to sets of building elements in the form of ready-made building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings, and can be used for economical and environmentally friendly construction of prefabricated buildings with low floors with high load-bearing capacity of walls and partitions, without the use of binders and hoisting mechanisms, without involving a team of qualified builders and entirely from the same type of building blocks.

A known set of building elements of thermoplastic, each of which is made in the form of a hollow and open with two opposite side faces of a rectangular panel with internal stiffening ribs parallel to each other and closed side faces and with lock-type sliding mesh nodes on its closed side faces (RF patent No. 2114958, EBB 2/14, published July 10, 1998). The disadvantage of this kit is that its use requires preliminary erection, centering and retention during the construction process along the 3 axes of the frame of the entire structure, which also includes various racks of a special design. Only after carrying out a complex of preliminary works, a known set of building elements can be used to fill the space between the racks of the frame. The need for preliminary design, manufacture, erection, centering and retention along the 3 axes of the structure frame (with the assistance of a team of qualified builders), consisting of various racks of a special profile, significantly increases the construction time, the cost of construction materials and construction work. Another disadvantage of the known set of building elements is that the stiffeners of each panel and the nodes connecting the panels to each other and to the columns of the frame are multiple "cold bridges", which significantly reduce the thermal protection of the structure, which requires further additional insulation work to increase. An additional significant drawback of the known set of building elements are the nodes of the sliding engagement of the castle type on the closed side faces of the panels. Such an engagement node involves the establishment of a building element in the guides strictly vertically and from top to bottom. If the frame of the structure is pre-assembled completely, then in order to bring the building element into vertical racks-rails, the height of which is equal to the height of the wall of the structure, its lower slice will have to be raised to a height exceeding the height of the wall and then engage with the rack and advance to the lower level. This further increases the duration and complexity of the construction. These shortcomings of the known set of building elements make it unsuitable for the construction of economical prefabricated frameless and heat-efficient low-rise buildings from the same building elements, including without the involvement of qualified builders.

A known set of building elements for low-rise construction, including collapsible wall structures made of wooden beams, consisting of wall panels placed between vertical racks of longitudinal elements mounted on top of each other, connected to the racks by means of embedded parts, each of which is partially placed in the groove of the rack and partially in the groove of the surface of the module facing the rack (RF patent No. 2121549, EV 2/70, published November 10, 1998). A disadvantage of the known set of building elements is the need for preliminary construction, centering and holding along the 3 axes of the structure frame, which increases the time and cost of construction and requires the involvement of a team of qualified builders. In addition, filling the free space between the racks with wall elements made of wooden timber, according to the corresponding mortgage guides, is technically possible only from above, which requires special devices and lifting mechanisms to lift rather heavy wall panels to a height, keep them safe at a height and move from above down along mortgage guides, which significantly increases the complexity of construction. In order to avoid jamming of the panels during descent, the guide grooves of the uprights should have a certain backlash that remains after the assembly is completed, which after installing the panels in place creates additional slots and reduces the thermal efficiency of the walls of the object. In addition, it should be noted that the use of wooden timber parts as wall elements inevitably leads to shrinkage and drying out of panels with the formation of corresponding crevices that reduce the thermal protection of the structure. In this regard, after the time required for the shrinkage of wooden panels (and this, as a rule, is not less than a year), it is necessary to carry out additional work on thermal insulation of the structure (it is possible that the bulkhead of the entire structure), which significantly extends the readiness of the facility for commissioning into operation and increases the cost of construction. The identified shortcomings of the known set of building elements make it unsuitable for the construction of economical fast-built frameless and heat-efficient low-rise buildings from the same building elements without the use of load-lifting mechanisms and without the involvement of a team of qualified builders.

A known set of building blocks, including ordinary building blocks, consisting of three identical and parallel to each other panels interconnected, each panel consisting of two flat parts and a layer of aggregate between them, and the middle panel has protrusions and recesses for articulating the building blocks among themselves (RF patent No. 2537305, Е04С 1/00, published December 27, 2014 - an analogue of the claimed invention). The disadvantages of the known set of building blocks are the complex and expensive manufacturing technology of ordinary building blocks, which increases the final cost of construction. In addition, the absence of the same type of corner elements in the set, ensuring the formation of the corners of the structure and their connection with ordinary building blocks, requires the construction of an additional frame of the structure in the form of vertical posts at the corners and in the places where the partitions adjoin the supporting walls, which also increases the cost and construction time of the object . These shortcomings make the well-known set of building blocks unsuitable for the construction of economical prefabricated frameless low-rise buildings entirely from the same building blocks.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed, is to create a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings in the form of the same type of structurally strong building blocks having high load-bearing capacity, which would not require the use of binders during the construction, preliminary construction and retention of the frame structures, attracting a team of qualified builders and the use of hoisting mechanisms, and would ensure the erection of structures entirely from one building blocks.

The claimed invention is characterized by the following set of essential features (1st option).

A set of building blocks for constructing load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings includes a plurality of R ordinary building blocks (where R is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1) and a plurality of U corner building blocks (where U is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1) .

Each ordinary building block of a set of building elements for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings is made in the form of a panel in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, consisting of three layers bonded to each other - two external, which are two parts of the panel, and one internal, which is a layer of aggregate. Each panel detail is made in the form of two assemblies that are identical and symmetrical with respect to the horizontal axis of the building block. Each assembly consists of two identical plates interconnected with glue or fasteners in the planes of their largest faces in the form of flattened rectangular parallelepipeds of length L, width M and thickness d each. One of the plates is offset in the assembly relative to the other plate with its two adjacent sides of the largest face parallel to the corresponding adjacent sides of the largest face of the other plate by distances equal to k and m, respectively. Inside the panel, between the plates of the first and second panel parts opposite at a distance D, the panels are fixed with glue or fasteners n spaced identical racks made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds of width D and height h = M, or height 1,025M> h> M, or a height of 1.05 M> h> M (where n is a natural integer greater than or equal to 2). The racks are oriented with their vertical axes parallel to the vertical axis of the building block. Two extreme racks from the entire set of racks having the same height h = M, or the same height 1,025M> h> M, or the same height 1,05M> h> M, are fixed along the edges of the opposite sides of the largest faces of the opposite inner plates of the first and second parts panels are flush with their three outer edges, or flush with their two adjacent outer edges and with a protrusion in height beyond the third edge of their largest faces, or flush with their outer edge and with identical protrusions in height for the other two opposite edges of their largest faces, respectively but. The end faces of all other racks are located at the level of the corresponding end faces of the extreme racks. Layers of panel filler are placed between the racks.

Each corner building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings is made in the form of an assembly of two mutually ordinary building blocks interconnected in mutually perpendicular planes. In the first of them, the outer plates of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk), and are installed flush with the smaller sides of their largest faces flush with the adjacent extreme stand and with the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts with the formation of a smooth external the edges of the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly. In the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block, the inner plates of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk), are installed flush with the smaller sides of their largest faces flush with the adjacent extreme post and the outer edge of the outer plate of the first panel part and with them are attached with glue or fasteners to the side surface of one of the outer parts of the panel of the first modified ordinary building block in assembly with the indentation of the side face on fixing stand from smooth outer edge of the first modified raw building block assembly, equal to 2d. The outer plate of the second panel part of the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block is made with a length equal to (L + 4d + D), is shifted towards the extreme pillar, flush with the inner plates of the first and second panel parts and with the outer plate of the first part panel, and attached with its protruding inner surface with glue or fasteners to the flat outer edge of the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly.

Racks of all ordinary and corner building blocks are made of wood, or metal, or plastic. The layers of panel aggregate of all ordinary and angular building blocks are placed between the racks and are made of foamed polyethylene, or of basalt insulation, or of mineral wool, or of ethylene vinyl acetate, or of polystyrene foam, or of foam, or in the form of an air gap. The plates of all parts of the panels of all ordinary and angular building blocks are made the same or in various combinations of plywood, or metal, or corkboard, or chipboard, or plastic.

The second embodiment of the invention is characterized by the same set of essential features as the first option, and differs from it in that it includes many Y T-shaped building blocks (where Y is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1). Each T-shaped building block is made in the form of an assembly of two located in mutually perpendicular planes and interconnected by an ordinary building block and a modified ordinary building block. In a modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block, the outer plates of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk), are installed flush with the smaller sides of their largest faces flush with the adjacent extreme rack and with the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts with the formation with them of a flat outer edge of the modified ordinary building block in the assembly. With its outer edge, the modified ordinary building block in the assembly is attached with glue or fasteners to the middle of the side surface of one of the outer parts of the panel of the ordinary building block in the assembly.

The third embodiment of the invention is characterized by the same set of essential features as the first option, and differs from it in that it includes a plurality of X cruciform building blocks (where X is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1).

Each cruciform building block is made in the form of an assembly of three located in mutually perpendicular planes and interconnected by an ordinary building block and two mutated building blocks. For modified ordinary building blocks in the assembly of a cross-shaped building block lying in the same plane, the outer plates of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk), installed with the smaller sides of their largest faces flush with the adjacent extreme post and with the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and the second parts of the panel with the formation with them of a smooth outer edge of the first and, accordingly, the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly. With their smooth outer edges, the first and second modified row building blocks in the cross-shaped building block assembly with glue or fasteners are attached respectively to the midpoints of the opposite outer side surfaces of the first and second panel parts of the ordinary building block in an assembly lying in a perpendicular plane.

The fourth embodiment of the invention is characterized by the same set of essential features as the first option, and differs from it in that it includes a plurality of Y T-shaped building blocks according to the second embodiment of the invention and a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks according to the third embodiment of the invention.

The invention is illustrated by the various images shown in FIG. 1 ... FIG. 80.

In FIG. 1 is an image of an ordinary building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings: a) with two racks, a top view, the racks are mounted flush with the three outer edges of the panel; b) with two racks, bottom view, racks mounted flush with the three outer edges of the panel; c) an enlarged fragment of an ordinary building block with racks protruding beyond one of the outer edges of the panel; d) an enlarged fragment of an ordinary building block with racks protruding beyond two opposite external edges of the panel; in FIG. 2 shows an image of an ordinary building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings: a) with four pillars, top view, b) with four pillars, bottom view; in FIG. 3 shows an image of the first panel detail of an ordinary building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 4 is an image of a second panel detail of an ordinary building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 5 is an image of a first and similar second plate of a first panel part of an ordinary building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 6 shows an image of a first and similar second plate of a second panel part of an ordinary building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 7 shows an image of the core layer of a panel of an ordinary building block: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. Figure 8 shows a rack image in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 9 shows an image of a fastener in the form of a self-tapping screw: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 10 is a drawing of an ordinary building block assembled with fasteners of the plates of the first and second panel parts to each other and struts to them using fasteners in the form of self-tapping screws: a) with struts having a height h = M and installed flush with three outer edges of the corresponding opposite inner plates of the first and second panel parts; b) with uprights having a height of 1,025M> h> M and installed flush with two adjacent outer edges of the corresponding opposing plates of the first and second panel parts and with a protrusion in height w beyond the third edge of the largest faces of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts; c) with uprights having a height of 1.05M> h> M and installed flush with the outer edge of the respective opposing plates of the first and second panel parts and with the same protrusions in height w behind the two other opposing edges of the largest faces of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts; in FIG. 11 is a drawing of an ordinary building block assembly with fasteners of the plates of the first and second panel parts to each other and racks to them with glue: a) with racks having a height h = M and installed flush with the three outer edges of the corresponding opposite inner plates of the first and second panel details; b) with uprights having a height of 1,025M> h> M and installed flush with two adjacent outer edges of the corresponding opposing plates of the first and second panel parts and with a protrusion in height w beyond the third edge of the largest faces of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts; c) with uprights having a height of 1.05M> h> M and installed flush with the outer edge of the respective opposing plates of the first and second panel parts and with the same protrusions in height w behind the two other opposing edges of the largest faces of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts; in FIG. 12 is a drawing of a first panel detail of an ordinary building block assembly; in FIG. 13 is a drawing of a second panel detail of an ordinary building block assembly; in FIG. 14 is a drawing of a plate of an ordinary building block; in FIG. 15 is a drawing of a rack in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, in FIG. 16 is a drawing of a fastener in the form of a self-tapping screw; in FIG. 17 is an assembly drawing of a first panel detail of an ordinary building block; in FIG. 18 is an assembly drawing of a second panel detail of an ordinary building block; in FIG. 19 is an assembly drawing of an ordinary building block with two uprights; in FIG. 20 shows an assembly drawing of an ordinary building block with four racks; in FIG. 21 is an image of an angular building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 22 is an image of a first modified ordinary building block in an assembly of an angular building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 23 is an image of a second modified ordinary building block in an assembly of an angular building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 24 is an image of a first panel part of a first modified ordinary building block in an angular building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 25 is an image of a second panel part of a first modified ordinary building block in an angular building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 26 is an image of the same first plates of the first and second panel parts of the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 27 is an image of identical second plates of the first and second panel parts of the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 28 is an image of a layer of a panel aggregate of a first modified ordinary building block in an assembly of an angular building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 29 is an image of a first panel detail of a second modified ordinary building block in an angular building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 30 is an image of a second panel part of a second modified ordinary building block in an assembly of an angular building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 31 is an image of the same first plates of the first and second panel parts of the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 32 is an image of the second plate of the first panel part of the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 33 is an image of a second plate of a second panel part of a second modified ordinary building block in an assembly of an angular building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 34 is an image of a panel aggregate layer of a second modified ordinary building block in an angular building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 35 is a drawing of an angular building block assembly with fastening of the first and second modified ordinary building blocks in an assembly with each other using glue; in FIG. 36 is a drawing of a first modified ordinary building block in an assembly of an angular building block with fastening panel parts to each other and the posts with glue; in FIG. 37 is a drawing of a second modified ordinary building block in an assembly of an angular building block with fastening panel parts between themselves and the posts with glue; in FIG. 38 is an image of a T-shaped building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 39 is an image of an ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 40 shows an image of a modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 41 is an image of the first panel detail of an ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 42 is an image of a second panel part of an ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 43 is an image of the same first and second plates of the first and second parts of the panels of an ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 44 is an image of a first panel detail of a modified ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 45 is an image of a second panel detail of a modified ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 46 is an image of identical first plates of the first and second panel parts of a modified ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 47 shows an image of identical second plates of the first and second parts of panels of a modified ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 48 is an image of a core layer of a panel of an ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 49 shows an image of a layer of a panel aggregate of a modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 50 is a drawing of a T-shaped building block assembly with fastening of ordinary and modified ordinary building blocks in an assembly with each other using glue; in FIG. 51 is a drawing of an ordinary building block in an assembly of a T-shaped building block with fastening panel parts to each other and the posts with glue; in FIG. 52 is a drawing of a modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block with fastening panel parts between themselves and the posts with glue; in FIG. 53 shows an image of a cross-shaped building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 54 is an image of a first modified ordinary building block in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 55 is an image of a second modified ordinary building block in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 56 is an image of an ordinary building block in an assembly of a cruciform building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 57 is an image of the same first panel parts of the first and second modified ordinary building blocks in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 58 is an image of identical second panel parts of the first and second modified ordinary building blocks in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 59 is an image of the same first plates of the first and second panel parts of the first modified ordinary building block in the cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 60 is an image of identical second plates of the first and second panel parts of the first ordinary building block in the cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 61 is an image of the same first plates of the first and second panel parts of the second modified ordinary building block in the cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 62 is an image of identical second plates of the first and second panel parts of the second modified ordinary building block in the cross-shaped building block assembly: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 63 is an image of the first panel detail of an ordinary building block in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 64 is an image of a second panel detail of an ordinary building block in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 65 is an image of the same first and second plates of the first and second parts of the panels of an ordinary building block in an assembly of a cross-shaped building block: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 66 is an image of a panel aggregate layer of a first modified ordinary building block in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 67 is an image of a layer of a panel aggregate of a second modified ordinary building block in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) a top view, b) a bottom view; in FIG. 68 is an image of an aggregate layer of a panel of an ordinary building block in a cross-shaped building block assembly: a) top view, b) bottom view; in FIG. 69 is a drawing of a cross-shaped building block assembly with fastening of the first and second modified ordinary building blocks and an ordinary building block in an assembly with each other using glue; in FIG. 70 is a drawing of a first modified ordinary building block in an assembly of a cross-shaped building block with fastening of panel parts to each other and the posts with glue; in FIG. 71 is a drawing of a second modified ordinary building block in an assembly of a cross-shaped building block with fastening panel parts between themselves and the posts with glue; in FIG. 72 is a drawing of an ordinary building block in an assembly of a cruciform building block with fastening panel parts between themselves and the uprights with glue; in FIG. 73 is an image of a set of building blocks for constructing load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings, including a plurality of R ordinary building blocks and a plurality of U corner building blocks (in accordance with paragraph 1 of the claims); in FIG. 74 is an image of a set of building blocks for constructing load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings, including a plurality of R ordinary building blocks, a plurality of U corner building blocks and a plurality of Y T-shaped building blocks (in accordance with paragraph 2 of the claims); in FIG. 75 is an image of a set of building blocks for constructing load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings, including a plurality of R ordinary building blocks, a plurality of U corner building blocks and a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks (in accordance with paragraph 3 of the claims); in FIG. 76 is an image of a set of building blocks for constructing load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings, including a plurality of R ordinary building blocks, a plurality of U corner building blocks, a plurality of Y T-shaped building blocks, and a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks (in accordance with claim 4) ; in FIG. 77 is a drawing in plan of load-bearing walls of a building constructed from a plurality of R ordinary building blocks 10 and a plurality U of corner building blocks 11; in FIG. 78 is a drawing in plan of load-bearing walls and partitions of a building constructed from a plurality R of ordinary building blocks 10, a plurality U of corner building blocks 11 and a plurality Y of T-shaped building blocks 12; in FIG. 79 is a drawing in plan of load-bearing walls and partitions of a building constructed from a plurality of R ordinary building blocks 10, a plurality of U corner building blocks 11 and a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks 13; in FIG. 80 is a drawing in plan of load-bearing walls and partitions of a building constructed from a plurality of R ordinary building blocks 10, a plurality of U corner building blocks 11, a plurality Y of T-shaped building blocks 12 and a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks 13.

All images shown have the following designations:

1 - the first panel detail of an ordinary building block;

2 - the second panel detail of an ordinary building block;

3 - layer aggregate panel ordinary building block;

4 - the first plate of the first panel detail of an ordinary building block;

5 - the second plate of the first panel detail of an ordinary building block;

6 - the first plate of the second panel detail of an ordinary building block;

7 - the second plate of the second panel detail of an ordinary building block;

8 - rack;

9 - fastener;

10 - ordinary building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings;

11 - angular building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings;

12 - T-shaped building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings;

13 - a cross-shaped building block of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings;

14 - the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block;

15 - the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block;

16 - outer plates of the first and second panel parts of the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block;

17 - inner plates of the first and second panel parts of the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block;

18 - the outer plate of the second panel part of the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block;

19 is a modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block;

20 - outer plates of the first and second panel parts of a modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block;

21 - the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a cross-shaped building block;

22 - the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a cross-shaped building block;

23 - outer plates of the first and second parts of the panels of the first and second modified ordinary building blocks in the assembly of a T-shaped building block;

24 is a panel aggregate layer of a first modified ordinary building block in an angular building block assembly;

25 - a layer of aggregate panel of the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block;

26 - layer filler panels modified ordinary building block in the assembly of a T-shaped building block;

27 - layers of filler panels of the first and second modified ordinary building blocks in the assembly of a cross-shaped building block.

A set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings (option 1) includes a plurality of R ordinary building blocks 10 and a plurality of U corner building blocks 11 (Fig. 73).

Each ordinary building block 10 of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings is made in the form of a panel (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and consists of the first panel part 1 fastened to each other at a distance D from each other (Fig. 3) and the second part 2 of the panel (Fig. 4), with a layer of filler 3 panels between them (Fig. 7). Each part 1 and 2 of the panel is made in the form of two identical and symmetrical relative to the horizontal axis of the ordinary building block assemblies (Fig. 3, Fig. 4). Each assembly consists of two identical interconnected by means of glue or fasteners 9 (Fig. 9) in the planes of their largest faces of plates 4, 5, 6, 7 of thickness d, made equally or in different combinations of plywood or metal, or from a corkboard, or from a particleboard, or from plastic (Fig. 5, Fig. 6). One of the plates 4 (6) is offset in the assembly relative to the other plate 5 (7) with its two adjacent sides of the largest face parallel to the corresponding adjacent sides of the largest face of the other plate by distances equal to k and m, respectively. Inside the panel between the opposite plates of the first and second parts of the panel 1 and 2 are fixed with glue or fasteners 9 η spaced identical racks 8 (where n is a natural integer greater than or equal to 2). Each rack 8 is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a width D and a height h = M, or a height of 1,025M> h> M, or a height of 1,05M> h> M. Racks 8 are oriented with their vertical axes parallel to the vertical axis of the building block. Two extreme racks 8 of the entire set of racks 8 having the same height h = M, or height 1,025M> h> M, or height 1,05M> h> M, are fixed along the edges of the opposite sides of the largest faces of the opposite inner plates of the first and second parts panels 1 and 2 are flush with their three outer edges, or flush with their two adjacent outer edges and with a protrusion in height w beyond the third edge of their largest faces, or flush with their outer edge and with identical protrusions in height w behind two other opposite edges their largest faces, respectively. The end faces of all other racks 8 are located at the level of the corresponding end faces of the extreme racks. A layer of filler 3 panels placed between the racks 8.

Each corner building block 11 (Fig. 21) of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings is made in the form of an assembly of the first 14 and second 15 modified ordinary building blocks (Fig. 22 and Fig. 23, respectively) located in mutually perpendicular planes and interconnected. At the first 14 modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block 11, the offset outer plates 16 (Fig. 26) of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk) and are installed flush with the adjacent extreme rack 8 and the outer edges of the inner plates 5 and 7 (Fig. 27) of the first and second panel parts 1 and 2 (Fig. 24 and Fig. 25). The second 15 modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the angular building block 11 outwardly displaced inner plates 17 (Fig. 31) of the first and second panel parts (Fig. 29 and Fig. 30) are made with a length equal to (Lk) and are installed flush with the rack 8 and with the outer edge of the outer plate of the first panel part 1 (FIG. 32). The second 15 modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the angular building block 11, with its stand 8, is attached from the side of its shortened part to the side surface of one of the outer parts of the panel of the first 14 modified ordinary building block with the indentation of the shortened side of the rack 8 from the side of the shortened part. the shortened outer edge of the first 14 modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block 11 equal to 2d. The outer plate 18 of the second panel part of the second 15 modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block 11 (Fig. 33) is made with the length (L + 4d + D) increased in the direction of its shortened part and is additionally attached with glue or fixing elements of its elongated part to the rack 8 and to the outer end edges of the first 14 modified ordinary building block in the assembly of the corner building block from the side of its shortened part. Layers 24 and 25 of the filler panels of the first 14 and second 15 modified ordinary building blocks in the assembly of the corner building block 11 (Fig. 28 and Fig. 34) are placed between the racks 8.

The second embodiment of the invention is characterized by the same set of essential features as the first option, and differs from it in that the set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings includes a plurality of Y T-shaped building blocks 12 (Fig. 74).

Each T-shaped building block 12 (Fig. 38) of a set of building blocks for constructing load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings is made in the form of an assembly of ordinary building block 10 located in mutually perpendicular planes and interconnected (Fig. 39) and a modified ordinary building block 19 (Fig. 40). In a modified ordinary building block 19 in the assembly, the offset outer plates 20 of the first (Fig. 41) and second (Fig. 42) panel parts (Fig. 43) are made with a length equal to (Lk) and are installed flush with the adjacent extreme rack 8 and the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts. A modified ordinary building block 19 in the assembly of its extreme rack 8 and the outer edges of the plates of the first and second panel parts from their shortened side is attached with glue or fasteners to the middle of the side surface of one of the outer plates (Fig. 46) of the panel parts (Fig. 44 and Fig. 45) an ordinary building block 10 in the assembly. Layers 26 and 3 of the filler panels of the modified building block 19 and the ordinary building block 10 in the assembly of the T-shaped building block 12 (Fig. 48 and Fig. 49) are placed between the racks 8.

The third embodiment of the invention is characterized by the same set of essential features as the first option, and differs from it in that the set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings includes a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks 13 (Fig. 75).

Each cross-shaped building block 13 (Fig. 53) of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings is made in the form of an assembly of mutually arranged first perpendicular planes and interconnected modified first 21 and second 22 ordinary building blocks and ordinary building block 10 (Fig. 54, Fig. 55 and Fig. 56). In the first 21 and second 22 modified ordinary building blocks lying in the same plane, the offset outer plates 23 (Fig. 58) of the first and second panel parts (Fig. 57) are shortened and flush with the adjacent extreme rack 8 and the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and second panel details. The first 21 and second 22 modified ordinary building blocks in the assembly with their extreme racks 8 and the outer edges of the plates of the first and second panel parts from their shortened sides are respectively attached with glue or fasteners to the midpoints of the opposite outer side surfaces of the first and second panel parts of the ordinary building block 10 in an assembly lying in a perpendicular plane. Layers 27 and 3 of the filler panels of the first 21 and second 22 of the modified building blocks and the ordinary building block 10 in the assembly of the cross-shaped building block 13 (Fig. 66, Fig. 67 and Fig. 68) are placed between the racks 8.

The fourth embodiment of the invention is characterized by the same set of essential features as the first option, and differs from it in that the set of building blocks for constructing load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings includes a plurality of Y T-shaped building blocks 12 and a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks 13 (Fig. 76).

Racks 8 of all ordinary 10, angular 11, T-shaped 12 and cruciform 13 building blocks of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings are made of wood, or metal, or plastic. The layers of aggregates of all ordinary 10, angular 11, T-shaped 12 and cruciform 13 building blocks of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings are made of foamed polyethylene, or of basalt insulation, or of mineral wool, or of ethylene vinyl acetate, or of polystyrene foam or foam, or in the form of an air gap. Plates 4, 5, 6 and 7 of all parts of the panels of all ordinary 10, angular 11, T-shaped 12 and cruciform 13 building blocks of a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings are made equally or in various combinations of plywood or metal, or from a corkboard, or from a particleboard, or from plastic.

In the proposed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings (option 1), there are two main types of building blocks of the same type: ordinary building blocks 10 and corner building blocks 11 (Fig. 73, Fig. 1 and Fig. 21). The indicated types of building blocks are of the same type and fully ensure the erection of load-bearing walls and the formation of building corners. Each of these types of building blocks has the ability to joint with another type of building block horizontally, while the joint design is unified for both types of building blocks.

In the designs of ordinary 10 and angular 11 building blocks, there are only two types of parts of simple geometric shapes - a plate in the form of a flattened rectangular parallelepiped and a stand in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, which greatly facilitates the technology of their manufacture and allows in-line industrial production of these parts with high accuracy of compliance with them geometric sizes. The high accuracy of the geometric dimensions of the parts of building blocks, respectively, provides high accuracy of the dimensions and the building blocks themselves in assembled form. Due to this, when assembling from the proposed set of building elements of various structures, high accuracy and speed of assembly are ensured, eliminating any additional technological operations for the mutual adjustment of building blocks during their articulation.

The offset plates 4-7 in the parts 1 and 2 of the panel constructively form a multifunctional unified joint unit of the ordinary building block 10, which provides a strong connection of adjacent ordinary building blocks to each other, eliminating “cold bridges” at the joints of adjacent ordinary building blocks and self-centering of ordinary building blocks 10 in two planes during their installation, which, in turn, provides simultaneous centering vertically and uprights 8.

The identical location of the uprights 8 in all ordinary and angular building blocks, either flush with the outer edges of the opposite sides of the panel parts, or with a protrusion for one or both of them at the same time, provides reliable physical contact between the end parts of the vertically stacked racks of all building blocks during the construction of the building and thereby increases the structural strength of the structure as a whole.

The design of each corner 11 building block due to the presence in it of a unified joint unit ensures its simple and reliable articulation between building blocks of its kind vertically, as well as their articulation with ordinary building blocks horizontally with simultaneous self-centering in three planes.

The location of the racks 8 relative to the construction of the building block in all ordinary and angular building blocks is the same for all blocks of its kind, therefore, when assembling a building structure, each rack 8 of each overlying building block of its own type, regardless of the option of placing the racks in the building block used in the manufacture of building blocks - whether it is installed flush with three edges, or on one or both sides protrudes beyond the edges of the internal parts of the panel at distances w - but rests across the support plane on its corresponding location in its rack 8 underlying building block of the same species, thereby forming a single vertical rack multilink resulting assembly. Upon completion of the assembly, an internal frame is formed inside the building structure from many vertical multi-link racks, capable of absorbing a significant vertical load (determined by the material of the racks 8) and having the same high bearing capacity as if the frame of the structure was built separately.

Between the racks 8 there are layers of aggregate, which provide heat and sound insulation of building blocks and, accordingly, structures from them. The light weight of building blocks due to the use of parts having flattened shapes in it allows manual assembly of any structure from such blocks.

When constructing an object from the claimed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings around the entire perimeter of the structure being constructed, to a previously prepared foundation with a lower harness (or to a harness without a foundation, or to a horizontally aligned site) manually, in accordance with the plan of the supporting structures and partitions , the lower row of building blocks of various types is installed in the form of a completed outline of the structure in plan. At the same time, angular building blocks are placed in the corners of the structure, and ordinary building blocks are installed between them. This bottom row is the starting one. Starting from this row and further up, all other building blocks of the structure are installed, while the type of the upper building block must coincide with the type of the lower building block in the entire row vertically: ordinary with ordinary, angular with angular. During the installation of building blocks, the upper parts of the first and second panel parts of the underlying building block are fastened to the lower parts of the uprights 8 of the overlying building block by means of fasteners, so that upon completion of the height assembly, a complex of durable internal multi-link vertical racks is formed, each of which consists of from several parts rigidly interconnected.

By manually joining row and corner building blocks self-centering in three planes successively in rows from bottom to top, the result is a completed construction of the structure, with flat and even walls, with accurate right angles, with finished heat and sound insulation, and with a strong internal supporting frame capable of to perceive a significant vertical load (Fig. 77). Upon completion of the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions, the upper strapping is performed, after which the roof structure is erected and the window openings of the structure are filled.

In the case of using building blocks with an aggregate layer in the form of an air gap inside the assembled structure in the vertical plane, a free space divided by vertical posts is formed, which can be filled with various filling materials to increase the structural strength and stability of the structure being constructed.

The constructive implementation of the building blocks of the claimed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings excludes any irreversible deformation during dismantling of the building structure (in contrast to structures made of concrete, brick or wall blocks made of solid materials). Due to this, a structure assembled from the declared building blocks can also be effectively and quickly disassembled in the reverse order from top to bottom on the original building blocks, which can be stored, transported and from which it will then be possible to assemble exactly the same or different in design layout. The reuse cycles of the assembly-disassembly building blocks can be repeated almost unlimited times, especially when used for frame parts and for aggregate layers of materials of appropriate strength.

If necessary, decorative overlays can be attached (with glue or fasteners in the form of screws) to the outer and (or) to the inner side of one of the parts of the panels of building blocks in the process of their industrial production, which may not give the building being constructed an appropriate aesthetic appearance, requiring additional external and (or) internal decoration upon completion of the construction.

To improve its performance and expand capabilities, the claimed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings has additional options for its implementation.

A set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings (option 2) is similar to a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings according to option 1, except that it includes the same type T-shaped building blocks 12 (Fig. 74, Fig. . 38), self-centered in three planes. T-shaped building blocks 12 (Fig. 38) are the development of ordinary 10 and corner 11 building blocks and have similar unified joints. T-shaped building blocks 12 through standardized joints can be connected both with ordinary building blocks, and with each other to form adjacencies of partitions to the bearing walls of buildings under construction. The presence in the claimed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings of the same type with ordinary and angular building blocks of T-shaped building blocks 12 allows you to form junctions at right angles of partitions to the bearing walls of the building and to each other within the framework of the general assembly technology, without using any or any additional building elements not included in the kit (Fig. 78). The presence of a set of T-shaped building blocks 12 allows the formation of partitions in the same technological order and production rhythm as in the formation of load-bearing walls, which unifies the assembly process as a whole and increases the speed of construction of the object. T-shaped building blocks in the claimed kit open up great opportunities for creating a wide variety of internal layouts of buildings and external adjoining to them, without complicating the process of their construction.

A set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings (option 3) is similar to a set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings according to option 1, except that it includes the same cross-shaped building blocks 13 (Fig. 75, Fig. 53 ), self-centered in three planes. Cross-shaped building blocks 13 (Fig. 53) are the development of ordinary 10 and corner 11 building blocks and have similar unified joints. Cross-shaped building blocks 13 through unified joints of joints can be connected both with ordinary building blocks and with each other and serve to form structures of intersection points of partitions and (or) load-bearing walls of buildings under construction. The presence in the claimed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings of the same type with ordinary and angular building blocks of cross-shaped building blocks 13 allows you to create intersections at right angles of partitions and load-bearing walls of the building within the framework of the general assembly technology, without the use of any additional building elements, not included in the kit (Fig. 79). The presence of a cross-shaped building blocks 13 allows the formation of intersections of partitions (and load-bearing walls) in the same technological order and production rhythm as during the formation of load-bearing walls, which unifies the assembly process as a whole and increases the speed of construction of the object. The cross-shaped building blocks in the claimed set open up great opportunities for creating a wide variety of internal layouts of buildings and external adjoining to them, without complicating the process of their construction.

The set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings (option 4) is similar to the set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings according to option 1, except that it includes the same type T-shaped building blocks 12 and cross-shaped building blocks 13 ( Fig. 76).

T-shaped building blocks 12 and cruciform building blocks 13 are the development of ordinary 10 and corner 11 building blocks and have similar unified joints. T-shaped building blocks 12 and cruciform building blocks 13 through unified articulation units can be connected both with ordinary building blocks and with each other respectively and serve to form junctions at right angles of partitions to the bearing walls of buildings under construction and to form structures of intersection points under straight lines corners of partitions and (or) load-bearing walls of buildings under construction. The presence in the claimed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings of the same type with ordinary and angular building blocks of T-shaped 12 and cruciform building blocks 13 allows you to form junctions and (or) intersections of partitions and load-bearing walls of the building within the framework of the general assembly technology, without application any additional building elements not included in the kit (Fig. 80). The presence of T-shaped 12 and cruciform building blocks 13 in the kit allows the formation of junctions and intersections of partitions (and load-bearing walls) in the same technological order and production rhythm as during the formation of load-bearing walls, which unifies the assembly process as a whole and increases the speed of erection object. T-shaped and cross-shaped building blocks in the claimed set open up wide opportunities for creating a wide variety of internal layouts of buildings and external adjoining to them, without complicating the process of their construction.

Thus, when using the claimed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings during the construction of low-rise objects, manually (including one person), in a very short time a strong and geometrically accurate building structure with high bearing capacity can be erected, with the required level of thermal efficiency, completely ready for exterior and interior decoration (or already with decoration elements) and made entirely of the same building blocks. The assembly of such a structure will not require the use of any binding materials or elements that are not included in the kit, preliminary erection and retention of the frame of the structure, lifting mechanisms or the involvement of a team of qualified builders, and construction work will not be accompanied by noise, pollution of the surrounding area, the formation of construction waste , significant energy consumption, many transport trips to the facility and can be performed at any time of the year and in any climate Sgiach conditions. Through the use of the claimed set of building blocks, the process of building a building is accelerated sharply, the load on the environment of the adjacent land during the construction process is reduced, and significant financial savings are provided to the builder.

Light weight, strength, the ability to maintain its integrity during transportation and unloading, as well as the speed and convenience of assembling structures manually from the proposed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings make it possible to use it:

- for individual housing construction, including for construction on their own, as well as for low-rise construction of residential, public, industrial and social buildings and structures within urban settlements and outside it;

- for the construction and operation of residential, public and utility structures in rural areas, in remote and inaccessible areas;

- for the rapid construction of various structures in response to emergency situations to accommodate injured people, rescuers, doctors, animals and special equipment;

- for the rapid restoration of residential, public and economic buildings lost as a result of natural disasters, fires, industrial accidents or military conflicts;

- for the construction and operation of temporary, including seasonal, facilities for catering, recreation, trade, temporary stay of animals, etc. in various zones of summer, winter and all-weather recreation and leisure of the population.

The property of building structures from the proposed set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings to maintain their integrity under various vibrations, shocks and shakes opens up the possibility of using the proposed set of building blocks for the construction of earthquake-resistant low-rise structures in earthquake-prone areas.

Claims (4)

1. A set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings, including many R ordinary building blocks (where R is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1), each of which is made in the form of a panel in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, consisting of three fastened between layers and containing as opposing largest faces two layers in the form of the first and second panel parts in the form of flattened rectangular parallelepipeds and a layer of panel filler placed between them in the form of a rectangular about the parallelepiped, with the first and second panel parts made in the form of two identical and symmetrical relative to the horizontal axis of the ordinary building block assemblies, each of which consists of two identical interconnected with glue or fasteners in the planes of their largest faces of the plates, made equally in the shape of flattened rectangular parallelepipeds of length L, width M and thickness d, one of which is offset in the assembly relative to the other plate with its two adjacent sides of the greatest wounds parallel to the corresponding adjacent sides of the largest face of the other plate at distances equal to k and m, respectively, while inside the panel between the opposite plates of the first and second parts of the panel are fixed with glue or fasteners n spaced apart racks in the form of identical rectangular parallelepipeds with a width D and height h = M, oriented with their longitudinal axes parallel to the vertical axis of the ordinary building block (where n is a natural integer greater than or equal to 2) made of wood esin, or metal, or plastic, two of which are fixed along the edges of the opposite sides of the largest faces and flush with the three outer edges of the respective opposite plates of the first and second panel parts, and all other racks with their end faces are located at the level of the corresponding end faces of the extreme racks wherein the panel aggregate layer is placed between the uprights and is made of foamed polyethylene, or of basalt insulation, or of mineral wool, or of ethylene vinyl acetate, or of polystyrene foam a, or foam, or in the form of an air gap, and the plates are made equally or in various combinations of plywood, or metal, or cork, or wood-chip board, or plastic, characterized in that it is included a set of U corner building blocks (where U is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1), each of which is made in the form of an assembly of two mutually ordinary building blocks located in mutually perpendicular planes and interconnected, the first of which are external the plates of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk), and are installed with the smaller sides of their largest faces flush with the adjacent extreme stand and with the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts with the formation of a flat outer edge of the first modified ordinary building units in the assembly, in the second of which the inner plates of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk), are installed by the smaller sides of their largest faces flush with the adjacent edge with the stand and the outer edge of the outer plate of the first panel part, and with them are attached with glue or fasteners to the side surface of one of the outer panel parts of the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly with the side edge of the attached pillar indented from the flat external edge of the first modified ordinary building unit in the assembly equal to 2d, while the outer plate of the second panel part of the second modified ordinary building block in the assembly is made with a length equal to (L + 4d + D), moved towards the extreme pillar, flush with the inner plates of the first and second panel parts and with the outer plate of the first panel component, and attached with its protruding inner surface with glue or fasteners to the flat outer edge of the first modified ordinary building block in the assembly, and n spaced apart racks of an ordinary building block are made or with the same height h within 1,025M> h> M and the fastening of two extreme racks along the edges of opposite sides of the largest faces flush with two adjacent outer edges of the respective opposing plates of the first and second panel parts and with a protrusion in height beyond the third edge of the largest faces of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts, or with the same height h within 1.05 M> h> M and fixing the two extreme racks along the edges of the opposite sides of the largest faces flush with the outer edge of the respective opposing plates of the first and second panel parts and with the same protrusions in height for the other two opposite edges of the largest faces of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts. 2. A set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes many Y T-shaped building blocks (where Y is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1), each T-shaped the building block is made in the form of an assembly of ordinary building blocks located in mutually perpendicular planes and interconnected and a modified building block, in which the outer plates of the first and second panel parts are made with a length equal to (Lk), are installed the smaller sides of their largest faces flush with the adjacent extreme pillar and with the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts to form with them a flat outer edge of the modified ordinary building block in the assembly, which is attached with adhesive or fasteners to the middle of the side surface of one from the outer parts of the panel of an ordinary building block in the assembly. 3. A set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks (where X is a natural integer greater than or equal to 1), wherein each cross-shaped building block is made in the form of an assembly of located in mutually perpendicular planes and interconnected by an ordinary building block and two modified building blocks, the first and second of which, lying in the same plane, have the outer plates of the first and second A swarm of panel parts is made with a length equal to (Lk), flush-mounted with the smaller sides of its largest faces flush with the adjacent extreme stand and with the outer edges of the inner plates of the first and second panel parts to form with them a flat outer edge of the first and, accordingly, second modified ordinary building block in the assembly, by which, with glue or fasteners, they are attached respectively to the midpoints of the opposite outer side surfaces of the first and second parts of the ordinary panel, unit in the assembly, lying in a perpendicular plane. 4. A set of building blocks for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a plurality of Y T-shaped building blocks according to claim 2 and a plurality X of cross-shaped building blocks according to claim 3.

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