RU2622583C1 - Tethered air helicopter simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: tethered air helicopter simulator (TAHS) includes a fuselage, carrier air screw, a tail boom with steering air screw, an automatic control system, a power plant with a gear and a mooring system. Fuselage of TAHS is made in the form of a truss structure. All on-board equipment is located in the fuselage. The effective scattering surface is formed by carrier and steering air screws, fuselage construction and metallized grid that forms fuselage contours. The carrier and tail screw blades have specially oriented radio-reflecting metal inserts. The control system of said TAHS is made in a spaced apart manner: sensors, actuation devices and a radio modem for receiving control signals and transmitting data from the sensors are placed in the fuselage, and the computer unit, the radio modem for receiving data from the sensors and transmitting control signals, as well as sensors of the coordinate monitoring system are located on the ground mooring device.

EFFECT: imitation of geometric, kinematic, radiative and reflective parameters of helicopter in the modes of vertical take-off and landing, hovering.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and in particular to devices for simulating moving air objects during the training of air defense specialists, tests and evaluating the effectiveness of air defense military equipment.

It is known that during combat training of air defense specialists and when conducting tests of military air defense equipment to simulate air targets, air aerodynamic and target missiles are widely used [1; 2]. The efficiency and feasibility of using an air target is determined by the level of similarity of the air target with respect to geometric (shape, size, characteristic layout decisions), kinematic (motion paths, linear and angular velocity derivatives), radiative (laser, thermal, radio emission) and reflective (effective scattering surface, light absorption) to indicators of a simulated air object: airplane, helicopter, etc.

The horizontal flight of a helicopter, in most cases, can be simulated by airborne aerodynamic targets of an airplane type. However, simulating a helicopter in vertical take-off and landing modes requires the use of a specialized aerial target. An air target, in general, is a disposable technical device or a technical device with a small operational resource. The requirement to reduce the cost of a standard aerial target simulating a helicopter leads to structural, layout, energy and organizational difficulties, which do not allow to increase the level of its suitability for the entire range of air defense combat equipment.

The prior art.

A vertically flying target of a helicopter simulator is known (Patent for utility model 80547. RF, IPC F41J 9/00 [6]), including a lifting device containing shells fastened together, in each of which there is a rotor-motor unit with an electric motor and an air screw, a frame on which power sources, mounted on-board and special equipment are mounted, which ensures the functioning of the target and the simulation of the reflective and radiative characteristics of a simulated helicopter. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the fundamental inability to provide the required level of similarity of an air target in terms of geometric, kinematic, radiative and reflective indicators.

Known target simulator of a helicopter training ground for testing combat equipment of ground forces (Patent for invention 2583864, RF, IPC F41J 2/02 [4]), including a frame, a device for lifting the frame in a plane perpendicular to the direction of fire, a drive, a thermal simulator radiation helicopter, remote control, stabilizing device of longitudinal and lateral stability. The disadvantage of this analogue is the orientation of the application for testing combat equipment, which imposes limitations both on the available height of the target (limited by the size of the structure) and on the ability to simulate the geometric, kinematic and reflective indicators of the helicopter.

The closest analogue is the take-off target of a helicopter simulator (Utility Model Patent 77412, RF, IPC F41J 9/08 [5]), which includes a reusable lifting device, a helicopter simulator target, a launch platform with a winch and a remote control. The disadvantages of this technical solution is the fundamental impossibility to provide the required level of similarity of an air target in geometric, kinematic, radiative and reflective indicators, the high complexity of serial operation. Separation of a helicopter air simulator into a lifting device and a hanging target The helicopter simulator target violates the integrity principle of the visual appearance with the radar, which does not allow the use of this target for the entire range of air defense combat equipment.

The objective of the invention is the development of a tethered air simulator of a helicopter (hereinafter PVIV), which should provide a simulation of the geometric, kinematic, radiative and reflective indicators of the helicopter in the modes of vertical take-off and landing, hovering at a given height within a given area.

The essence of the invention is a tethered air simulator of a helicopter, including a fuselage carrying a propeller, a tail boom with a tail rotor, an automatic control system, a power plant with a gearbox and a mooring system. The fuselage of said tethered aerial helicopter simulator is made in the form of a truss. All airborne equipment is located in the fuselage. The chassis is made in the form of supports that are part of the fuselage truss. The effective scattering surface (EPR, [3]) is formed by the main and tail propellers, the fuselage structure and the metallized mesh that forms the geometric contours of the fuselage. To simulate the EPR of the main and tail rotors, the propeller blades have specially oriented radio-reflecting metal embedded elements. The control system of the aforementioned PVIV is carried out spaced: sensors, actuators and a radio modem for receiving control signals and transmitting data from sensors are located in the fuselage. The computing unit, the radio modem for receiving data from sensors and transmitting control signals, as well as the sensors of the coordinate monitoring system of the said IRF are located on a ground mooring device that holds the said IRF with a cable within a given area.

List of drawings

FIG. 1 - tethered air simulator of a helicopter, view 3/4,

FIG. 2 - layout of a tethered air simulator of a helicopter,

FIG. 3 - the propeller blade of the tethered air simulator of a helicopter,

FIG. 4 - placement of a tethered air simulator of a helicopter when used,

FIG. 5 - mooring device tethered air simulator of a helicopter.

PVIV is made according to a single-screw circuit with a tail rotor (Fig. 1). The fuselage 1 consists of a rod truss, to which the tail boom 2 is pivotally attached, which is held in position by cable extensions 5. A rotor propeller 3 is installed at the top of the truss. The propeller is rotated by a power plant with a gearbox. The tail boom 2 ends with the tail rotor 4. Power for the tail rotor is taken from the power plant. An aerodynamic keel 6 is installed at the bottom of the tail boom 6. The aforementioned aerodynamic keel 6 protects the tail rotor when landing with large positive pitch angles and ensures that the tethered air simulator of the helicopter is oriented towards the wind, reducing the power consumption of the tail rotor 4. Chassis supports 7 are located at the bottom of the rod truss that are a continuation of the fuselage farm. The fuselage farm 1 (Fig. 1, 2) is closed by a grid, which provides the formation of the visual appearance of an aircraft close to the simulated object. This provides an imitation of the geometric characteristics of a simulated airborne object - a helicopter.

To ensure imitation of the reflective characteristics of the simulated air object, the grid 8 covering the farm 1 and the on-board equipment 13 inside it (Fig. 2) is fully or partially metallized. This allows you to generate the necessary EPR diagram according to the angle of the aforementioned tethered air simulator of a helicopter. To adjust the dynamics of changes in the EPR corresponding to a real helicopter, the main and tail propeller blades 3, 4 (Fig. 3) have specially oriented radio-reflecting metal embedded elements in the form of metal corners 11, the spar of the blade 9 and the tip 12, which are connected by force to the ribs blades 10. This technical solution provides a simulation of the reflective characteristics of the propeller of a real helicopter [7].

To simulate emissive indicators: the thermal field of a working power plant, electromagnetic and light radiation of devices operating in active mode, additional equipment is used, which is installed externally on farm 1 (Fig. 1).

The use of the said PVIV is carried out using a special mooring device 14 (Fig. 4). The mooring device is connected to the IRF via a cable 15. It ensures that the aircraft is held within the area 16 with a radius R.

The mooring device 14 is made in the form of a container with equipment 17 (Fig. 5), which is fixed on the head of a hollow screw pile 18. A cable attachment unit is installed on top of the container. In the aforementioned container 17, the ground part of the PVIV control system is installed, receiving electric power and control commands via cables. Cables are connected using special connectors to the container 17. In the same container is the control unit computing unit, a radio modem for receiving data from airborne sensors and transmitting control signals to it, as well as sensors for the control system for coordinates. A response part of the control system is located on board the PVIV: sensors, actuators and a radio modem for receiving control signals and transmitting data from sensors.

Work tethered aerial simulator of a helicopter.

After placing the said IRF on the site: installing the mooring device 14 (Fig. 4) in the ground and connecting the aircraft with the mooring device with a cable 15 via cables, a command is sent to start the power plant. After starting the power plant and turning the propeller 3 (Fig. 1) to idle mode, the flight program of the aforementioned air supply system is introduced into the computing unit of the ground part of the control system: the law of changing the height and duration of hovering in time, the operating modes of additional equipment. On the basis of the introduced program, control signals are generated, which are transmitted via the radio channel from the ground-based radio modem to the airborne. From the on-board radio modem, the control signals arrive at the on-board actuators. Mentioned actuators generate control actions on the controls of the power plant carrying the propeller 4, the tail rotor 4 (Fig. 1). At this time, information is received from the on-board sensors through the on-board and ground-based radio modems to the ground-based part of the control system, which makes it possible to organize feedback. As the thrust of the main rotor increases, the PVIV is separated from the earth's surface and rises to a predetermined height. The coordinates of the PVIV and its angular position are controlled by the ground part of the control system according to signals from airborne and ground sensors. In accordance with the flight program and installed additional equipment, it is switched on and the required complex of emissive indicators is formed: thermal field, radiation from sighting, reconnaissance systems and airborne weapons. After the passage of a predetermined time, the control system puts the IRF into the reduction mode to the next predetermined height or until landing within the area 16 (Fig. 4). After landing, depending on the flight program, the power plant is turned off with the on-board complex switched to standby mode or the power plant is idled until the next take-off. In this way, an imitation of the kinematic parameters of an air object - a helicopter is carried out.

The implementation of the given set of technical solutions in the development of a tethered air simulator of a helicopter allows to achieve the required technical result - to provide a simulation of the geometric, kinematic, radiative and reflective indicators of the helicopter in the modes of vertical take-off and landing, hovering at a given height within a given area

Information sources

1. Aviation: Encyclopedia / ed. G.P. Svishchev. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1994 .-- 736 p. - ISBN 5-85270-086-X.

2. Anti-aircraft gunners ZVO will launch from S-300 at targets of the type "Swift" and "Flight". - March 29, 2016. - URL: http://vpk-news.ru/news/29985 (date of sample 04.06.2016).

3. Lvov L. Radar visibility of aircraft. - Snezhinsk: Publishing House of the RFNC - VNIITF, 2003. - 232 p. - ISBN 5-85165-442-2.

4. Patent for invention 2583864, RF, IPC ⁷ F41J 2/02. Target simulator of a helicopter of a landfill complex for testing combat equipment of ground forces [Text] / Prokuda I.A. (RF); CJSC REINZ. - Declared. 11/21/2014; publ. 05/10/2016.

5. Patent for utility model 77412, RF, IPC ¹¹ F41J 9/08. Take-off target of a helicopter simulator [Text] / Krivonogoe A.V., Salnikov K.V., Sidorov A.N. (RF); 195 TsZPUO MO RF. - Declared. 03/25/2008; publ. 10/20/2008.

6. Patent for utility model 80547, RF, IPC ¹¹ F41J 9100. Vertically soaring target of a helicopter simulator [Text] / Zhuravsky VA, Krivonogov AV, Salnikov KV (RF); 195 TsZPUO MO RF. - Declared. 07/10/2008; publ. 02/10/2009.

7. Scattering of electromagnetic waves by air and ground-based radar objects: monograph / O. Sukharevsky [et al.]; under the editorship of O. Sukharevsky. - Kharkov: HUPS, 2009 .-- 468 p.

Claims (1)

A tethered air simulator of a helicopter, including a fuselage, a propeller, a tail boom with a tail rotor, an automatic control system, a power plant with a gear and a mooring device with a cable, characterized in that the fuselage of the said tethered air simulator of a helicopter is made in the form of a truss airborne equipment is placed in the fuselage, the chassis is made in the form of supports that are part of the fuselage truss, while the effective scattering surface is formed with the propeller and tail rotors, the fuselage structure and a metallized mesh that forms the geometric contours of the fuselage, the rotor and tail rotor blades having specially oriented radio-reflecting metal embedded elements, the control system for the mentioned tethered helicopter air simulator is spaced: sensors, actuators and a receiving radio modem control signals and data transmission from sensors are located in the fuselage, and the computing unit, the radio modem at data from sensors and transmission of control signals, as well as sensors of the coordinate control system of the said tethered helicopter air simulator, are placed on a ground mooring device that holds the said helicopter air simulator with a cable within a given area.

Images