RU2622558C2 - Method of determining fire-electric damage and fire hazards by means of the electric meter-detector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: method is based on the use of the aspiration method for detecting the fire and the quality analyzer and the amount of electricity consumed, the joint use of which makes it possible to calculate and visualize the fire and electrical damage in terms of the consumed energy quality, and also to detect the fire hazards at the early stage with high reliability by pumping the air of the protected premises through the aspiration system with the electric meter-detector.

EFFECT: fire detection reliability due to the installation of three sensors in the electric meter-detector, that uses different physical principles of fire hazards recording, as well as the correlation with the calculated value of fire and electrical damage.

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Description

        The present invention relates to the field of electrical and fire safety of premises, buildings and structures, as well as to energy conservation and the quality of electricity consumed.

In some countries (USA, Germany, Poland), autonomous fire detectors (IPA) have recently become widespread. They are intended for use in rooms that emit an intermittent alarm with a sound pressure level of 85-90 dB at a distance of 1 m when detecting signs of fire from the detector. Statistics at the same time indicate that the use of IPA can reduce the death toll by fires in the residential sector by 45% [Boguslavsky EI, Belozerov VV, Boguslavsky N.E. Prediction, analysis and assessment of fire safety / Uch. allowance ed. prof. Boguslavsky E.I. / - Rostov n / A: RGSU, 2004. - 151 p.].

Many methods and devices for detecting fires that implement these methods are known:

Smoke - ionization and optical [Sharovar F.I. Principles of building devices and systems for automatic fire alarms. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983. - 335 p.].

Thermal - threshold and analog [Member A.N. Automatic fire detectors. - M.: Research Center "Protection" VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1997. - 51 p.].

Flame - optical [Patent SU 1795894] and based on the use of ultraviolet [Patent RU 2433424] or infrared radiation [Patent RU No. 2398609]

Gas - for combustion products [Patent RU 2336573], including selective linear fire detectors [Schipitsin S. Development trends of fire detectors - BDI. - 2004, No. 3 (54), p. 38-43].

The most effective of them is a sensor that combines photoelectric and thermal sensing elements. Such types of multisensors have been used for a long time, using a very simple decision-making system "either-or" when the signal is applied, in the event of a photoelectric or thermal sensor.

However, all of the above methods and detectors have a significant drawback - a large inertia, because they detect a dangerous fire factor when it reaches the sensor. And due to the fact that detectors are usually installed on ceilings, the “arrival to them” of smoke, gas or temperature is from several units to tens of minutes [Sharovar F.I. Principles of building devices and systems for automatic fire alarms. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983. - 335 p.]. Therefore, for the early detection of dangerous fire factors, an aspiration method was developed and its system implements, usually called "flow-through".

The essence of this method, which is the prototype of the claimed invention in terms of fire detection, is that the same sensors are used, but they are installed in the pipeline and the air of the protected room is “pumped” through them. In other words, if dangerous fire factors occur, they are “pulled into the sensor” and detected faster by an order of magnitude or more [“Recommendations for the use of VESDA aspiration smoke detectors”, parts 1,2 and 3 - M .: VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia].

It is also known that the low quality of the energy consumed by electrical appliances (for example, low or high voltage, phase shift of current and voltage, etc.) reduces the technical life of electrical appliances and creates the conditions for fire hazardous failures in them [Belozerov VV, Topolsky N .G., Smelkov G.I. A probabilistic-physical method for determining the fire hazard of electronic equipment // Scientific and technical support for fire and emergency rescue operations: Materials of the XII All-Russian Scientific-Practical. conf. - M.: VNIIPO, 1993, p. 23-27], ie increases the likelihood of fires for electrical reasons [GOST 12.1.004 Fire safety. General requirements - M .: Izd.standartov, 1992. - 75 p.].

The simplest and closest, i.e. the prototype in terms of the implementation of the registration of the quality of the received and used electricity is the “Statistical analyzer of the quality and metering of electric energy consumption” [patent RU 2260842], where, when measuring and digitizing the AC voltage curve, deviations from the values established by GOST 13109-97 are stored and after the required time (day, week, month), according to certain algorithms are determined:

W = Wd + Wnd,

where W is the total amount of electricity supplied to the consumer during the time T,

Wd - the amount of consumed electricity with allowable deviations,

Wnd - the amount of consumed electricity with unacceptable deviations.

As a prototype, to implement the registration of the quality of the received and used electricity for industrial enterprises (3-phase ESI), the domestic device LPW-305 or the stationary analyzer of the quantity and quality of electric energy Circutor of the CVM series can be used, which will provide not only the measurement of all SCEs, due to GOST 13109-97, but also additional parameters [GOST R 51317.4.30: 2008 (IEC 61000-4-30: 2008) and GOST R 51317.4.7-2008 (IEC 61000-4-7: 2002)] required to calculate and visualize the share of high-quality electricity:

- the magnitude of the voltage change,

- steady-state voltage deviation,

- dose of flicker,

is the coefficient of the nth harmonic component of the voltage,

is the distortion coefficient of the sinusoidality of the voltage curve,

- coefficient of asymmetry of stresses in the zero sequence,

- coefficient of asymmetry of stresses in the reverse sequence,

- the duration of the voltage dip.

- frequency deviation,

- coefficient of temporary overvoltage,

- pulse voltage

which should be paid by the consumer, as well as the share of “low-quality electricity”, for which producers and suppliers of electricity should be fined, because it increases fire-electrical harm, causing premature failure of electrical appliances, including fire hazardous [Belozerov VV, Bosyi S.I., Motin V.N., Panich A.E. Probabilistic-physical models of reliability, quality and safety in high technology instrumentation // Technosphere Safety. Reliability. Quality. Energy Saving. ": Vseros materials. scientific-practical conf. / Shepsi, September 6-9, 2003, ISBN 5-89071-036-2 /. - Rostov n / a: RGSU (YURO RAASN), 2003.p. 519-530].

Therefore, the introduction of "intelligence" into the electric meter, which allows to register the "poor quality" of electricity, and the change for this reason the probability of fire from electrical appliances, i.e. fire-electric harm, plus a combination of “flow-through” sensors in the meter, in addition to monitoring and the ability to regulate payments in accordance with the quality of electricity, will allow for early detection of fire in the apartment and neighboring rooms, where such a meter is installed, as well as enable sound notification of a fire and transfer a call to the nearest fire station, if there is a radio channel [Belozerov V.V., Boyko S.I., Kolganov V.A. Method for substantiating an automated fire detection and reporting system // "Organizational and managerial problems of the fire brigade": Sat. scientific tr - M .: VNIIPO, 1986, p. 56-63].

Thus, the aim and objective of the present invention is to develop a method for determining fire-electric harm and an electric meter-detector that records and protects against it.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a method has been developed for determining fire-electric harm (SEW) and hazardous fire factors (fire hazard) using an electric meter-detector (ESI), which performs early detection of fire hazard, by pumping the air of the protected premises through an aspiration system with it, synchronously measuring and digitizing the mains voltage and current consumption in real time, with the calculation of standard parameters of the quality of electricity, by which the consumed energy is calculated and separately visualized ektroenergiya with acceptable quality, and unacceptable values are multiplied by the corresponding probabilities are added together and fires, determining and visualizing the SEW. At the same time, early detection of RPP is different in that for reliable detection of RPP in the rooms where the aspiration system is located, at least three different sensors are installed in the ESI, simultaneously implementing three different methods for detecting RPP - heat, smoke and gas, according to correlated values which, taking into account the calculated PEV, false signals or a fire hazard mode are identified, about which an intermittent alarm sound is generated and if there is no reaction to it, the ESI turns off the mains, preventing, thereby , the occurrence of a fire for electrical reasons and continuing to monitor the OFP, turns on a continuous alarm signal in case of a fire, and transmits a radio signal about the fire to the nearest fire station, and data on the consumed electricity with acceptable and unacceptable quality (for example, via the same radio channel) can be transmitted to energy supervision bodies and energy sales organizations.

In the general case, fire-electric harm is defined as the sum of the quantities of “quality” and “low-quality” electricity consumed and converted by the user in their electrical appliances and line-cable structures, multiplied by the corresponding fire probability from them [Belozerov V.V., Oleinikov C.H. To the question of adaptive fire-energy tax in ensuring fire safety // "Improving the theory and methodology of finance and taxation": international materials. scientific and practical. conf. / May 10, 2012, Yoshkar-Ola, ISBN-978-5-905371-29-5 / Volga Research Center-Yoshkar-Ola: “Colloquium”. 2012, p. 106-111].

The indicated probabilities should be received and updated by the energy supervision (during ESI inspections) annually, using data from the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia on statistics of fires at similar facilities for electrical reasons [Dyakonov VP, Isachkov AV, Kabanets E.E., Prisadkov A. AND. An automated system for processing statistical data on fires and sunburns is in the collection: “Application of mathematical research methods in fire protection issues”. - M .: VNIIPO, 1982, p. 83-88].

The seasonal and territorial features in case of fires and socio-economic losses from them, in particular when introducing a fire-electric tax, can be taken into account using a correction factor calculated as the ratio of the total losses during the season (damage, death, injuries, etc. in monetary terms) from fires for electrical reasons at similar facilities in the administrative-territorial unit (ATE) where the facility is located, to the total number of such facilities in this ATE [Belozerov VV, Boguslav sky E.I., Teterin I.M., Topolsky N.G. Possibilities of a special adaptive fire tax // "Technosphere safety. Reliability. Quality. Energy Saving. ”: Proceedings of Vseros. scientific-practical conf. / Shepsi, 09/05/2006, ISBN 5-89071-036-2 /. -Rostov n / A: RGSU (YURO RAASN), 2006, p. 411-420].

The method for determining sew and RPP using an electric meter-detector should be implemented primarily in the residential sector, as it is in it that more than 70% of fires occur, in which more than 75% of all victims of fires die and are injured [Serebrennikov EA The dynamics of the operational situation with fires in the Russian Federation - in Sat Mat XVII Int. scientific-practical conf. "Fires and the environment." - M.: VNIIPO, 2002, p. 3-10].

The proposed method allows for the shortest possible time to implement it using a reinvestment model of the adaptive fire-electric taxation system for individuals and legal entities, not only in the residential sector, but also at all facilities in industry, trade, healthcare, education, science and culture [Belozerov V.V. ., Plahotnikov Yu.G., Afanasyev N.S., Oleinikov CH, Topolsky N.G. To the issue of fire and environmental safety management at the facilities of the fuel and energy complex // Gelendzhik-2012. Actual problems of the development of the fuel and energy complex of the regions of Russia and the ways of their solution ”: materials of the 9th int. conf. on the problem of oil and gas in the Black, Azov and Caspian Seas / Gelendzhik, 05/28/01/2012 / - Gelendzhik: SSC FGUPP “Yuzhmorgeologiya”, 2012, p. 8-16].

Taking into account the foregoing, we believe that the proposed method has a fundamental novelty and significant differences from prototypes.

Claims (2)

1. A method for determining fire-electric harm from consumed electricity using an electric meter-detector, synchronously measuring and digitizing the mains voltage and current consumption in real time, with the calculation of standard parameters of the quality of electricity, which calculates and visualizes the consumed electricity with acceptable and unacceptable quality , and multiplying by the probability constants of fires for electrical reasons, fire-energy damage is calculated and visualized. 2. The method according to claim 1, performing early detection of dangerous fire factors by pumping the air of the protected premises through an aspiration system with an electric meter-detector, characterized in that for reliable detection of dangerous fire factors in the rooms where the aspiration system with an electric meter-detector is located, at least three different sensors are installed in it, simultaneously implementing three different methods for detecting RPPs — heat, smoke, and gas, according to the correlated values of which, taking into account the calculation fire-electric harm, the identification of false signals or fire, which produces an intermittent alarm sound, which can be transmitted to the nearest fire department (for example, over the air), while data on electricity consumed with acceptable and unacceptable quality (for example, to the same radio channel) can be transferred to energy supervision bodies and energy sales organizations.

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