EA005299B1 - Electronic energy counter and method for information transmission of consumed energy - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An electronic counter for measuring electric energy and information transmission thereof to power network, comprising current and voltage sensors, the information from them is digitized, corrected, multiplied and integrated by a microprocessor, the resulting energy value is recorded in a energy-independent memory and an indicator, transmitted to the power network via a generator of pseudorandom sequence, a modulator, a communication transformer, characterized in that the electric counter comprises a data time scrambler encoding a random moment of an information package output and a pseudorandom character of bit sequence in the information package which allows to increase reliability and transmission range at a limited capacity. 2. A method for data transmission of consumed energy to be paid measured by a counter, a microprocessor of which forms an information package with synchro package, feeder, a main data block, a block of cyclic control check up, a postblock with subsequent modulation of pseudorandom sequence with frequency jump, characterized in that an asynchronous one-way random access for address separation is used for a plurality of electric counters connected to a general power network, continuously changing scrambling order with a cyclic control for true reception in case of signal attenuation and not stable frequency characteristics of the power network.

Description

The invention relates to instruments for metering electricity consumption, automated collection and monitoring of meter readings of electricity consumed and can be used in municipal services for residential consumers in rural areas, large cities, in all industries, enterprises and organizations.

Many electricity providers are currently facing serious difficulties due to lack of accuracy, accuracy of accounting and speed of control in the electricity market. Electricity suppliers attach great importance to operational control and commercial metering of electricity. Creation of an automated system for commercial metering of electricity ensures control of contractual volumes of electrical capacity, storage of the collected information and its transfer in real time to the market infrastructure, prevent commercial losses and theft of electricity.

Creating a system of operational control on the basis of existing metering electricity meters becomes expensive and in many cases is not implemented due to lack of funds from an average and small consumer.

The development of the technical level of electric meters shows that previous efforts did not lead to the creation of a meter with the necessary qualities:

the cost of the electric meter is not reduced from the point of view of the consumer;

a cheaper system of operational control has not been proposed, which would allow a wider market service for tens of millions of consumers;

not secured and long-term storage of the information received.

Prior art

The most well-known single-phase induction counter (Ilyukovich AM, Electric meters, M. Gosenergoizdat, 1963, p. 2327), made of a rotating element containing a voltage and current circuit with a core, which create magnetic fluxes generated by the windings, intersect an aluminum disk, axle-mounted, rotated in supports.

Mechanical rotation of the movable part through a worm gear drive is fed to the counter counting mechanism.

The disadvantages of the known induction meter are the loss of electricity and the possibility of distortion of the readings. Induction meters have no ability to integrate into an information network for operational control.

The Russian patent KP 2144197 applies to electronic meters, but the proposed solution is not cheaper and is justified only for large electricity consumers. In this variant, one analog-to-digital conversion channel is used for the three phases and a high-speed microprocessor and a complex information processing program are used. There is no possibility of integration into the automated control system.

The cost aspect is considered in the Russian patent KP 2139547. This invention achieves the low cost of the device, but has a simplified voltage measurement scheme within four possible levels, which reduces the dynamic range and accuracy of the meter as a whole.

Other disadvantages include the use of short-lived electrolytic capacitors and the inability to remotely read meter readings.

Electronic counters ALPHA А1200 of Elster Metronica company (Measurement.gi, M. Elster Metronica, No. 6, 2002, p. 18-20) are used as part of automated systems for control and metering of electricity through digital interfaces K8 232 and K8 485. The use of these interfaces requires creating an additional information environment and financial costs for the creation of control information networks.

The high cost and complexity of these systems are justified only for large consumers of electricity.

The aim of the present invention is to create an accurate, inexpensive meter with a remote reading system.

The present invention provides a method for remote reading of meter readings, which does not require additional costs for creating an information network.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 1). Shunt 1 and resistive divider 2 are used as current and voltage sensors. After filtering current and voltage signals from overlapping spectra with low-pass filters 3 and 4, the signal is digitized by microprocessor 5 using two built-in 16-bit analog-to-digital converters. In addition, the microprocessor multiplies the current and voltage signal and integrates it, after which the resulting value of the electric power is displayed on the LCD display 6 and is recorded in the electrically erasable permanent memory 7.

In addition, the microprocessor 5 generates an information packet according to FIG. 2. Synchro send 15 consists of alternating zeros and ones and serves to trim the decoder. Header 16 is intended to determine the beginning of the main unit. The main data block 17 contains the measured value of electrical energy and the serial number of the electric meter3. The cyclic control unit 18 contains control codes designed to verify the integrity of information at reception. Post block 19 forms the end of the packet and also balances the receiving decoder. The received information packet is mixed by the scrambler 8 in order to obtain a more uniform spectrum of the transmitted message, which allows it to be decoded more reliably upon reception.

The resulting scrambled code is divided into streams of zeros and ones, which receive additional coding from pseudo-random sequence generators 9 and 10. These signals are sent to modulator 11, which forms a pseudo-random signal with frequency jumps that are different for bit zero and bit one (Fig. 3) . The coding, or the sequence of frequency jumps, is such that when received, bits 0 and bits 1 are as different as possible, orthogonal, or have a minimum value of the mutual correlation function. FIG. 3 shows the possible construction of the frequency grid for bit 0 and bit 1. The generated signal through the coupling capacitor 14 and the communication transformer 12 enters the power grid. The advantage of the invention is that this meter provides reliable transmission of information about the accounting of energy consumed at low cost of transmission power and does not affect the electromagnetic compatibility of devices connected to the power network.

The power supply unit 13 generates the necessary supply voltage + and _p and an additional signal to synchronize with the network frequency, after the loss of which the data on the consumed energy are stored in the electrically erasable permanent storage device 7.

A method of transmitting, collecting and receiving testimony about the consumed electricity, based on the use of many of the above-described electricity meters connected to a common power grid. There are special modems for transferring small amounts of data over power lines, among which there are small-sized with low-voltage power supply, such as MMOIR ¥ M15E of the company ΒΚΑυши Soshshishsayop SShN (1Shr: // sotropey18.agdi88OY.gi / Yip / Ygip_saY.y1t). Unfortunately, none of these modems, as well as information transfer methods, are acceptable for electricity meters for reasons of high cost, increased power consumption, a complex system of interaction and information gathering. In addition, noise immunity and electromagnetic compatibility with other electrical devices are deteriorating, since we are talking about a large number of electricity meters and, therefore, modems connected to the same electrical network. On the other hand, it does not require a high data transfer rate and full duplex operation.

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated in FIG. 4 and consists in one-sided asynchronous random access, interference-free coding and accumulation of readings coming from a variety of meters in a common power network and located in the range of a reading device. Each meter from the group 20, 21, 22 ... Ν shown in FIG. 4, during a predetermined and long interval of time, it issues once a short information packet according to FIG. 2 at a random time. Thus, the separation in time of information packets from each electric meter is guaranteed, which allows the reader and accumulator 24 to alternately receive a package from each electric meter. If there is a random coincidence in time of two or more parcels, this is detected by cyclically monitoring the integrity of the code, and such premises are ignored.

Additionally, it was proposed to change the scrambler code from a limited set of predefined codes with each new transmission of the information packet. This makes it possible to improve the decoding of packets, since the meter readings change slowly, transferring uniform information needs additional pseudo-random scrambling. Reader and accumulator 24, FIG. 4, upon reception, also changes the scrambling order and recognizes the parcel that is cyclically inspected as valid. Such multi-stage scrambling leads to a uniform spectrum of the transmitted signal and provides increased reliability of transmission under conditions of uncertainty and unevenness of the frequency response of the power grid.

Pseudo-random scrambling also provides protection against unauthorized listening and attempts to influence meter readings from an electric meter.

An additional advantage of the method is that another reading and accumulation device can be connected to the same power circuit with its group of electricity meters, which will not have mutual conflicts, and only the intersection and duplication of information is possible.

Information sources

1. Ilyukovich A.M. Electric meters, M. Gosenergoizdat, 1963, p. 23-27.

2. The patent of Russia Ki 2144197 C1.

3. The patent of Russia Ki 2139547 C1.

4. Measurement. Ge, M. Elster Metronika, No. 6, 2002, p. 18-20.

5. LR: // Soshropei18.A1Di88oy.gi/YA1aii/Ygai_SaY1.Ish.

Claims (2)

CLAIM 1. An electronic meter for measuring electric energy and its information transmission to the power network, containing current and voltage sensors, the information from which is sampled, corrected, multiplied and integrated by the microprocessor, the resulting energy value is recorded in non-volatile memory and the indicator is transmitted to the power network through pseudo-random sequence generator, modulator, communication transformer, characterized in that the electric meter contains an information-time scrambler encoding Random release information packet and a pseudo-random nature of the sequence of bits in the information packet that allows for the limited power raise reliability and transmission distance. 2. A method of transmitting information about the energy consumed, payable, measured by an electric meter, the microprocessor of which generates an information packet with a sync packet, a header, a main data block, a cyclic control check block, a post block with the subsequent modulation of a pseudorandom sequence with frequency jumps, characterized in that for the set electricity meters connected to a common power network, asynchronous one-way random access for address separation is used, continuously changing scrambling the order of minutes with a cyclic control for the reliability of reception under fading and frequency characteristic unevenness mains.