RU2622328C1 - Monorail transport system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: monorail transport system consists of the vehicle and the track. The vehicle is made in the form of the body with the power drive and the supporting frame, on which at least two pairs of the support wheels are fixed, and at least two axle bridges. In this case at least one axle bridge is provided with the pair of drive wheels, and at least one axle bridge is provided with the pair of guide wheels or the pair of driving wheels. The open track consists of the guide beam and two supporting beams, which are fixed to the earth surface, on the vertical surfaces along the entire length of the guide beam the rubber bands are fixed. At least two pairs of the support wheels interact with the horizontal surfaces of two support beams, and the pair of driving wheels and the pair of guide wheels or two pairs of driving wheels interact with the rubber bands of the guide beam. The pair of driving wheels or the pair of guide wheels are connected through the downward axle shafts with 90-degree laterally mounted axle bridge reducers, which are connected to the main reducer of the axle bridge through the input flanges and hinges of the equal angular velocities. On the vehicle frame, above the pair of driving wheels or the pair of guide wheels, there are the distance sensors, that transmit information about the distance from the sensor to the guide beam to the steering control unit, which with the help of the articulated rods, deflects the wheels proportionally to the distance.

EFFECT: increase of the design manufacturability and expansion of its application range, the noise reduction.

13 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport mechanisms with a given / fixed trajectory and can serve as the basis for creating a new type of transport for mountain conditions or in rough terrain, as well as in low gravity conditions, for example, on large asteroids and small planets.

The prior art Japanese monorail system mounted type or "Monorek", created in 1966. The mounted-type monorail system comprises a vehicle and a square tube (50x50x3 mm) with a gear rack welded to the bottom. The square guide tube with adapters is mounted on vertical inch pipes clogged into the ground in increments of 1-1.5 meters. Along the square guide tube, in engagement with the gear rack, a vehicle with an engine of 6 to 16 hp can move.

Links to open sources:

http://www.nikkari.co.jp/english/products/monorack/index.html; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJP99rmTmUw;

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jL3YFbsEuN8

The disadvantages of Monorek are the low speed of movement, not more than 1 m / s; low payload, not more than 500 kg; instability, possible overturning of the vehicle and loosening of pipes that have to be repaired every 100 walkers; driving noise; the manufacture of gear racks requires factory conditions and is an expensive operation.

Also known from the prior art is the running track for the monorail vehicle RU No. 2264316 of November 20, 2005, adopted as the closest analogue. The running track for a monorail vehicle includes an elastic carrier tape fixed to the supports with stiffeners and has a pair of lower horizontal rolling planes with a relatively low adhesion coefficient for the support rollers and a pair of upper vertical rolling planes with a relatively large adhesion coefficient for the side drive rollers, while previously curved elastic carrier tape is provided with periodically mounted transverse elements.

The disadvantage of the invention is the complexity and cumbersome design, which requires the construction of large time and economic costs. The proposed technical solution is not cost-effective in small and farm enterprises, including military units.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages. Namely:

- noise reduction,

- improving the manufacturability of the construction and operational properties of the monorail transport system,

- increasing the speed of the monorail vehicle,

- expanding the range of application (by increasing the possible angle of inclination of the route),

- the possibility of using a monorail transport system in conditions with low gravity,

- simplifying the design of the monorail transport system, which leads to a reduction in the time and cost of construction.

- improving the manufacturability of the vehicle and the track.

The technical result achieved is achieved by the fact that the monorail transport system comprising a vehicle and a running track, characterized in that the vehicle is made in the form of a housing with a power drive and a supporting frame, on which at least two pairs of support wheels are fixed, according to at least two bridges, wherein at least one bridge is made with a pair of drive wheels, and at least one bridge is made with a pair of guide wheels or a pair of drive wheels; the running path consists of a guide beam and two support beams that are fixed to the surface of the earth; rubber bands are fixed on vertical surfaces along the entire length of the guide beam; at least two pairs of support wheels interact with the horizontal surfaces of the two support beams, and a pair of drive wheels and a pair of guide wheels or two pairs of drive wheels interact with rubber tapes of the guide beam; a pair of drive wheels or a pair of guide wheels are connected through the axles directed downward with lateral gears of the bridge rotated 90 degrees, which are connected to the main gear of the bridge through the input flanges and hinges of equal angular speeds; on the vehicle’s frame, above a pair of driving wheels or a pair of steering wheels, distance sensors are placed that transmit information about the distance from the sensor to the guide beam to the steering gear control unit, which with the help of articulated rods deflects the wheels in proportion to the distance.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that each support wheel is equipped with a brake system.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the pair of drive wheels is combined into a single bridge containing three gearboxes: a main gearbox and two side gearboxes rotated 90 degrees, while the differentials of the side gearboxes are locked.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the components of the bridge, in particular gearboxes, constant velocity joints, axles and brake system, are common automotive components.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the width of the guide beam is determined by the formula

B = S + 5 + 50 * sin (α),

where B is the width of the guide beam, mm;

S is the distance between the treads of a pair of driving wheels, mm;

α is the angle of inclination of the track, degrees.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the pair of guide wheels is located in front of the vehicle in the direction of travel, and the pair of drive wheels is located at the rear of the vehicle, while the distance between the treads of the pair of guide wheels is equal to the width of the guide beam or the maximum width of the guide beams along the length of the track.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that in the case of a difficult track, a pair of steering wheels located in front becomes a driving pair of wheels.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that it has a high coefficient of adhesion of two pairs of support wheels with the horizontal plane of the support beams.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the beams of the track are made of concrete.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the beams of the track are made of metal profile, in particular of square-pipe.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the beams of the track are made of wood, in particular of sleepers.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the fastening of the rubber tape to the side surfaces of the guide beam is carried out in a checkerboard pattern with screws with a density of 10 pieces to 30 pieces per linear meter, the screw heads being made countersunk.

According to the claimed invention, a monorail transport system, characterized in that the fastening of the rubber tape to the side surfaces of the guide beam is staggered with screws with a density of 10 to 30 pieces per linear meter, and the height of the screw head protrudes from 1 to 10 mm above the surface of the rubber tape .

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

in FIG. 1 shows a monorail transport system, side view;

in FIG. 2 shows a monorail transport system, front view;

figure 3 shows a cross section of the running path;

in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the bridge;

in FIG. 5 shows a control circuit for turning the drive wheels;

in FIG. 6 is a schematic view for explaining the values - h, X, B, S.

in FIG. 7 is a schematic view for explaining the values of –S and S ₁ .

The essence of the claimed technical solution is as follows.

The claimed monorail transport system consists of a vehicle (11) and a running track, see figures 1 and 2.

The running path, see Fig. 3, consists of a guide beam (1) and two support beams: the left support beam (4a) and the right support beam (4b), which are fixed to the ground surface (2) using pins (3). To ensure stable adhesion of the wheels of the vehicle (11) on rubber surfaces along the entire length of the guide beam (1), rubber bands (5) are fixed with screws (6). The pins (3) may be metal. Guide beam (1) in height above two support beams (4a and 4b). The support beams (4a) and (4b) are on opposite sides at the same distance from the guide beam (1).

The vehicle (11) is an all-metal body with a supporting frame (not shown). Two pairs of support wheels (22a) and (22b), (23a) and (23b) are attached to the supporting frame. At least two bridges (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) are also placed on the supporting frame. In this case, at least one bridge is made with a pair of driving wheels (9) and (10), and at least one bridge is made with a pair of steering wheels (7) and (8) or a pair of driving wheels (7) and (8 ) A pair of guide wheels (7) and (8) is converted to a pair of drive wheels in the event of a difficult track. The vehicle (11) is driven by a power drive (not shown) mounted on it.

In this case, the support wheel pairs (22a) and (22b), (23a) and (23b) interact with the horizontal surfaces of the support beams (4a) and 4 (b), and the wheel pairs (7) and (8), (9) and (10) the vehicle (11) interact with rubber bands (5) mounted on the vertical surfaces of the guide beam (1).

Bridge, see FIG. 4, contains three gearboxes: the main gearbox (15) and two side gearboxes - (16a) and (16b). Two outputs (17a) and (17b) of the main gearbox of the bridge through the constant velocity joints (CV joints) (18a) and (18b) are connected to the input flanges (19a) and (19b) of the side gears (16a) and (16b) deployed on 90 degrees, and the output of the semi-axis (20a) and (20b) directed downward. The half shafts (20a) and (20b) are connected to the drive wheels (9) and (10). The differentials (not shown) of the side gears (16a) and (16b) are locked (rigidly fixed or “welded”). The pivot pins (not shown) of the drive wheels (9) and (10) are connected to the steering unit (13) via articulated rods (14), see FIG. 5.

On the frame of the vehicle (11), above each pair of wheels (7) and (8), (9) and (10), distance sensors (12) are placed. The distance sensor (12) can be represented, for example, by ultrasonic, infrared, etc. Information (L) from the distance sensor (12) to the guide beam (1) enters the steering gear control unit (13). The latter, in turn, with the help of articulated rods (14) deflect the wheels (7) and (8), (9) and (10) in proportion to the distance. The angle of rotation of the wheels is greater, the greater the deviation of the distance L between the frame and the guide beam (1), while if the distance L becomes less than the normal value, the wheels turn in the direction aimed at increasing the distance between the frame and the guide beam (1) and similarly with the opposite result.

Moreover, each support wheel (22a), (22b), (23a) and (23b) is equipped with a brake system (not shown), and if necessary, can create maximum rolling resistance, which is especially important in the conditions of mountains and small planets.

Thus, the claimed scheme of the bridge and the control circuit for turning the drive wheels allows you to:

- increase the gear ratio on the drive wheels (9) and (10);

- provide the same trajectory of the drive wheels (9) and (10) in the corners;

- ensure that the wheels are held on the guide beam (1) and that they do not come off.

The use of ready-made automotive components for the bridge, in particular gearboxes, CV joints, brake systems, etc., allows us to simplify the design, thereby organizing a relatively cheap and affordable production and repair of the claimed monorail transport system.

Experimental tests of the claimed technical solution showed a direct dependence of the friction force of the traction tires of the driving wheels on the magnitude of their deflection along the guide beam (1), see Table. 1 and FIG. 6.

Table 1

The dependence of the friction force of the adhesion of the tires of the driving wheels on the magnitude of their deflection
along the guide beam

Deflection of the tire of a wheel, mm (h)
(R15, 225/75) Wheel tire deflection chord, mm (X) The friction force of the adhesion of the wheel tire, N
(at a pressure in the tire - 2 atm., rubber on rubber µ = 0,7) 5 123 4,000 10 173 5,000 fifteen 211 6,300 twenty* 243 * 7,600 * Note * - further deflection of the tire is limited to a maximum permissible operating load of 1000 kg.

Figure 6 shows the values of h, X, B, S, where h is the deflection of the tire, X is the size of the chord of deflection of the tire, B is the width of the guide beam, S is the distance between the treads of a pair of wheels.

6, the dashed line shows the imaginary part of the wheel tire arc, in the absence of deflection of the wheel tire under the action of the guide beam (1) or h = 0.

Therefore, in ensuring the movement of the vehicle (11) along an inclined path, the width of the guide beam B and / or the distance between the treads of the pair of driving wheels S is determined by the empirical formula

B = S + 5 + 50 * sin (α),

where B is the width of the guide beam, mm;

S is the distance between the treads of a pair of driving wheels, mm (see Fig.6 and Fig.7);

α is the angle of inclination of the track, degrees.

A pair of guide wheels (7) and (8), see Fig.6 and Fig.7, is located in front of the vehicle (11) in the direction of travel. The distance S ₁ between the treads of the pair of guide wheels (7) and (8) is equal to the width of the guide beam (1), i.e. S ₁ = B. In the case of a varying (unequal) width of the guide beam along the length of the track, S ₁ is defined as the maximum width of the guide beam (1) along the length of the track, i.e. S ₁ = B _max . When operating on small inclined paths, a clearance is allowed between the guide wheels and the guide beam.

If necessary, the distance S ₁ can be adjusted by reducing the internal pressure (clamp) of the tires of the guide wheels.

A pair of drive wheels (9) and (10) is located in the rear of the vehicle (11) in the direction of travel. The distance S between the treads of the pair of driving wheels (9) and (10) is determined by the formula

S = B - 5 - 50 * sin (α),

where S is the distance between the treads of a pair of driving wheels, mm;

B - width of the guide beam, mm;

α is the angle of inclination of the track, degrees.

The claimed arrangement of wheels with a bridge is similar to the design of a rear-wheel drive car, only rotated 90 degrees. This technical solution provides due to gravity to track the contour of the track and not go off the guide beam (1).

With a difficult track, a pair of steering wheels (7) and (8) located in front becomes the leading one, and the distance S ₁ = S is based on the principle of “all-wheel drive”. This approach provides a high coefficient of adhesion of the wheels (7), (8), (9) and (10) with the guide beam (1).

For any route complexity, the technical solution provides a high coefficient of adhesion of two pairs of support wheels (22a) and (22b), (23a) and (23b) with the horizontal plane of the support beams (4a) and (4b).

Track beams (1), (4a) and (4b) can be made of three types of materials.

The first type of material is concrete (Fig. 1). The use of concrete as a material is due to the following characteristics:

- the minimum service life is 30 years;

- availability and low cost (at a price of 1 cubic meter of concrete with reinforcement 3 thousand rubles. The price of the running meter of the running meter will be 450 rubles);

- low requirements for the qualifications of builders;

- applicability in straight sections (not applicable to final turning circles, arrows and bridges through ravines and gorges).

The second type of material is a metal profile, in particular from a square-pipe. It is characterized by:

- minimum service life of 15 years;

- the weight of a running meter of the structure is 30 -35 kg;

- quick installation and dismantling of the structure;

- the average cost of a running meter of a running way of 1000 rubles;

- additional requirements for weld work;

- applicability in any areas.

The third type of material is wood (wood beam). It is characterized by:

- the possibility of using used raw materials, for example, railway sleepers, logs.

- service life: sleepers from 5 to 15 years; logs -1-2 years;

- the average cost of one running meter: used sleepers -150 rubles; new sleepers - 750 rubles.

For any type of material for the beam path (1) requires fastening tape (rubberizing) on vertical surfaces.

The rubber tape (5) is fastened to the side surfaces of the guide beams (1) in a checkerboard pattern with screws (6) with a density of 10 to 30 pieces per linear meter. Moreover, the heads of the retaining screws (6) can be either countersunk to reduce the friction of the wheels on the side surfaces of the beam, or protruding ("studding" of the rubber tape) in order to increase the coupling properties of the wheels in areas with large slopes or subject to icing.

Empirically it was determined the effect of "hissing" of rubber tape (5) of the vertical surfaces of the beam (1) on the coupling properties of the wheels and their condition. Namely, with 5 to 10 mm protruding hexagon heads (8 mm turnkey) above the surface of the rubber band (5) and a density of 20 heads per 1 linear meter of the beam (with a rubber band width of 200 mm), the coupling properties of the wheels increase from 1 , 5 to 2 times in comparison with the non-studded section of the beam. Moreover, such a height of the protruding heads practically does not cause mechanical destruction to the treads of the drive wheels.

The claimed invention is confirmed by a manufactured prototype:

https://cloud.mail.ru/public/MN6K/hbCN7RQRK

https://cloud.mail.ru/public/KuD8/EG58UxTLz

https://cloud.mail.ru/public/AyDS/YY48GKtUw

https://cloud.mail.ru/public/MaeP/Lxt84Dq5y

Characteristics of the manufactured prototype:

Weight - 1200 kg

Length - 4.5 meters

Width - 1.8 meters

Height - 1.8 meters

Engine - AI-92 gasoline, 1.7 l Niva

Transmission - VAZ + UAZ

4 supporting wheels UAZ

4 driving wheels UAZ

Payload - 1000 kg

Traction effort - 1600 kg (which corresponds to the MTZ-82 tractor)

The maximum lifting angle at a payload of 350 kg is 90 degrees (theoretically).

The maximum lifting angle at a payload of 1000 kg is 46 degrees.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed technical solution:

- an object embodying the claimed technical solution, when implemented, is intended as the basis for creating a new type of transport for mountain conditions or in rough terrain, as well as in low gravity conditions, for example, on large asteroids and small planets.

- for the claimed object in the form described in the independent claim, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods known from the prior art as described in the prior art on the priority date has been confirmed;

- the object embodying the claimed technical solution, when implemented, is able to ensure the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant.

Therefore, the claimed subject matter meets the patentability conditions of “novelty”, “inventive step” and “industrial applicability” under applicable law.

Claims (22)

1. Monorail transport system comprising a vehicle and a running track, characterized in that the vehicle is made in the form of a housing with a power drive and a supporting frame on which at least two pairs of support wheels, at least two axles are fixed, while at least one bridge is made with a pair of drive wheels, and at least one bridge is made with a pair of steering wheels or a pair of drive wheels, the running path consists of a guide beam and two support beams that are fixed to the ground, rubber bands are fixed on vertical surfaces along the entire length of the guide beam, at least two pairs of support wheels interact with the horizontal surfaces of two support beams, and a pair of drive wheels and a pair of guide wheels or two pairs of drive wheels interact with rubber bands of the guide beam, a pair of drive wheels or a pair of guide wheels are connected through the axles directed downward with lateral axle gearboxes rotated 90 degrees, which are connected to the main gearbox of the bridge through the input flanges and hinges of equal angular velocities, distance sensors are placed on the vehicle frame, above a pair of driving wheels or a pair of steering wheels, transmitting information about the distance from the sensor to the steering beam to the steering gear control unit, which with the help of articulated rods deflects the wheels in proportion to the distance. 2. The monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that each support wheel is equipped with a brake system. 3. The monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pair of drive wheels is combined into a single bridge containing three gears: the main gearbox and two side gears deployed 90 degrees, while the differentials of the side gears are locked. 4. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the components of the bridge, in particular gearboxes, constant velocity joints, axles and brake system, are common automotive components. 5. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the guide beam is determined by the formula B = S + 5 + 50 * sin (α), where B is the width of the guide beam, mm; S is the distance between the treads of a pair of driving wheels, mm; α is the angle of inclination of the track, degrees. 6. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pair of guide wheels is located in front of the vehicle in the direction of travel, and the pair of drive wheels is located at the rear of the vehicle, while the distance between the treads of the pair of guide wheels is equal to the width of the guide beam or the maximum the width of the guide beam along the length of the track. 7. The monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of a complex track, a pair of steering wheels located in front becomes a driving pair of wheels. 8. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a high coefficient of adhesion of two pairs of support wheels with the horizontal plane of the support beams. 9. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams of the track are made of concrete. 10. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams of the running track are made of metal and have a profile, in particular, square pipes. 11. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams of the running track are made of wood, in particular of sleepers. 12. Monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening of the rubber tape to the side surfaces of the guide beam is staggered with screws with a density of 10 to 30 pieces per linear meter, the screw heads being countersunk. 13. The monorail transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening of the rubber tape to the side surfaces of the guide beam is staggered with screws with a density of 10 to 30 pieces per linear meter, and the height of the screw head protrudes from 1 to 10 mm above the surface rubber tape.

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