RU2620316C2 - Automatic machine to bend electro-welded meshes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: machine is provided with a plurality of bending fingers controlled vertically and spaced at a distance equal to the grid pitch and a plurality of bending levers performing a complex movement to bend the wires around the bending fingers. At least, one bending block is mounted on the base and is movable in the direction transverse to the direction of grid movement and rotation in two directions about its vertical axis. The bending fingers are actuated by respective actuators operating selectively and independently one from another in accordance with a previously created program executed by the machine control unit. The bending levers are connected to the bending block by means of the hinged kinematic mechanism and are actuated selectively and independently one from another by the program executed by the control unit, in coordination with the corresponding bending fingers.

EFFECT: continuous production of bent elements with high accuracy and reliability.

7 cl, 9 dwg

Description

Application area

The invention relates to an automatic machine for bending electric welded meshes, such as those used in the manufacture of precast concrete structures or products.

State of the art

In the modern construction industry, automatic manufacturing of prefabricated building elements in the factory is increasingly used to provide the possibility of manufacturing structural elements with very diverse shapes and sizes, suitable for various specific applications.

Elements of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are essentially made by pouring concrete mixture into formwork, with reinforcing steel grids embedded in concrete with mesh shapes and sizes.

The main difficulty for the production is the automatic shaping of reinforcing elements made of prefabricated flat electric-welded steel grids. Bending machines currently in use use fingers or stops located at right angles to the axis of the wire to be bent, and the bending levers are actuated so that the wires are bent around these fingers at a predetermined angle. The fingers are located on the carrier rail forming the bending axis and are manually adjusted. A single bending lever, having a size equal to the maximum width of the mesh, is driven by any known energy source, and describes the corresponding path, while simultaneously bending all the wires protruding from the same side of the mesh.

Of course, it is also possible to bend the wires individually, however, this technical solution is only suitable for the manufacture of nets of very limited sizes, since the productivity of the work is extremely low.

Therefore, automatic bending machines at present can only be used to give simple shapes, and they are unsuitable for meeting the need for the manufacture of elements having complex configurations, such as bevels, cutouts, and also internal holes.

When the wires of electric welded wire mesh have a variable pitch, various lengths, gaps, etc., it is inevitable to use manual operations that are difficult to perform and dangerous, as well as long and expensive.

In practice, long stops of equipment are required to adjust the distance between the fingers to match the variable pitch of the wires in the grid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The main objective of the invention is the creation of an automatic machine for bending electric welded meshes, in which the disadvantages of the known devices are eliminated by the proposal of a technical solution that provides high accuracy and reliability of the results, while at the same time reducing the non-working time of the machine necessary to regulate the working forming elements.

Further, the bending machine of the present invention achieves the goal of increasing productivity and providing high operational flexibility by allowing bending of single wires or several wires at the same time without limiting their position on the plane of the electric-welded mesh.

In particular, another objective of the invention is the manufacture in a continuous mode of bent elements having different heights and made of metal wires or metal rods, fully automatically without the need to readjust the machine by replacing the working forming elements.

Another objective of the invention is the provision of the possibility of manufacturing continuously bent elements having an asymmetric configuration, that is, having alternating inclined and vertical sections, as well as sections having different slopes, and therefore different lengths.

These and other goals are achieved by creating a machine, the features of which are described in the claims attached to the description of the invention.

Description of figures

The objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, given as an example, which does not limit the scope of the invention, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of an electric welded mesh bent in accordance with a known technical solution;

- in FIG. 2 shows a top view and two side views of one example of an electric welded mesh curved by the automatic machine of the present invention;

- in FIG. 3A is a schematic top view of a bending unit in an automatic bending machine of the present invention;

- in FIG. 3B schematically shows a top view of a machine equipped with two bending blocks arranged one opposite the other, similar to the block shown in FIG. 3A;

- in FIG. 3C schematically shows a top view of a machine equipped with two bending blocks arranged one opposite the other, similar to the blocks shown in FIG. 3B, in which the bending units are mounted on a platform that can move in the same feed direction as the mesh;

- in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B shows, respectively, sections AA and BB of the bending unit shown in FIG. 3A;

- in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively shows two details of the technical solution, alternative to the details of the technical solution described with reference to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B;

- in FIG. 6A shows a front view of a bending machine for electrowelded mesh, containing at its right and left ends two mechanisms for changing the position of the bending fingers or stops;

- in FIG. 6B shows a side view of a bending machine for electric welded wire mesh, which shows the position of mechanisms for changing the position of the bending fingers or stops;

- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of mechanisms for changing the position of bending fingers or stops;

- in FIG. 8A shows a mechanism for changing the position of the bending fingers or stops in the idle position;

- in FIG. 8B is a sectional view of the Y-Y mechanism of FIG. 8A;

- in FIG. 9A shows a mechanism for repositioning the bending fingers or stops in the operating position;

- in FIG. 9B is a sectional view of the Y-Y mechanism of FIG. 9A;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of an electric welded mesh bent by a known machine. As you can see, the steel wires or rods 1 are essentially the same length and are arranged at a constant pitch, and the edges of the mesh are made linear and parallel.

In FIG. 2 is a schematic top view and two side views of one example of an electric welded mesh curved using the automatic machine of the present invention. As shown, this mesh comprises steel wires or rods 1 of various lengths arranged at different spacing. In addition, the edges of the mesh are not straight, since they have protruding and recessed portions with different slopes, and the mesh also has an inner hole A.

In FIG. 3A is a schematic top view of the bending unit U in the automatic bending machine of the present invention, which is located below the movable platform for the mesh to be welded.

In FIG. 3A shows a central bending finger or emphasis 2, two bending fingers 2-1 located on the left, and two bending fingers 2-2 located on the right. These bending fingers are controlled selectively and independently from one another by a centralized machine control unit (not shown) in accordance with the program depending on the required shape of the bent mesh. Of course, the number of side fingers is not limiting and depends on the maximum number of wires to be bent.

Also in FIG. 3A shows a central bending lever 3, a right bending lever 4 and a left bending lever 4-1, wherein said bending levers are connected to the bending unit and are selectively and independently controlled so that they move in a complex movement consistent with the proper bending fingers as described below.

In FIG. 3A also shows the central movable support 5 of the fingers, the right side movable support 6 of the fingers and the left side movable support 6-1 of the fingers. These movable finger supports are also controlled independently of one another.

In order to enable the machine to achieve its main goal, that is, to achieve all the bending points or the axes of the mesh, it is necessary that the electric-welded mesh formed by intersecting wires or rods 1 is held stationary, while the bending unit must be designed so that it can move along a straight line in two directions of the horizontal plane along two mutually perpendicular axes X and Y, and should also be made so that it can perform a full revolution in both directions around the axis of rotation W, to to the respective arrows shown in FIG. 3A. These movements are provided by an engine of any known type (not shown in the figures).

In FIG. 3B is a schematic top view of a machine equipped with two bending units U1 and U2 similar to the unit shown in FIG. 3A, and located opposite one another on both sides of the mesh R. In such a technical solution, the mesh is movable in a straight direction, as shown in the figure by an arrow, along a movable platform, driven by any known means suitable for this (not shown in the figure) .

FIG. 3C is a schematic top view of a machine equipped with two bending units U1 and U2, as in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3B, in which the bending units are mounted on a platform P, which is located across the longitudinal axis of the mesh R. The platform P is driven by two guides G mounted on the base 10 of the machine and laid on the side of the mesh R parallel to the longitudinal axis of the latter.

In this embodiment, the electric-welded mesh is supported by the corresponding supports of the base 10 and held in place by them.

In FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B shows, respectively, sections AA and BB of the bending unit shown in FIG. 3A. The figures show the guides 7 of the movable supports 5, 6 and 6-1, as well as actuators 8, which control the vertical lifting of these supports along the Z axis. The control of each actuator 8 is independent and provides the ability to bring into the bending position, using movable supports , only those and precisely those fingers which, according to their position, and / or step, and / or quantity, are set according to the wires to be bent. The operation of each actuator 8 is provided, for example, by a hydraulic cylinder equipped with corresponding electromagnetic valves (not shown) controlled by the control unit of the machine. It is imperative that the raising of the actuators 8 is regulated so that the bending fingers 2, 2-1, 2-2 can extend above the working surface. These features of the present invention in combination with the movements of the bending levers 3, 4 and 4-1, which are discussed below, provide the ability to bend wires 1 in the mesh in the bending mode of a single wire, part of the wires or all wires.

In FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, reference numeral 9 denotes the plane along which the electric-welded mesh moves, and the letter U denotes a structure that contains all the above-mentioned mechanical elements that perform certain functions when bending the mesh. The whole machine can be made mobile or stationary, depending on the type of mesh feeding system or on the shape of the profiled reinforcing steel mesh. If the entire machine is mobile, it can move in the direction of the X, Y, and W axes, as described above.

In FIG. 3A, FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B also shows an actuator 11 driven by any known energy source (not shown), such as an electric motor, hydraulic motor, or the like. The actuator 11 determines the complex movement of each bending lever 3, 4 and 4-1 and rotates the corresponding lever 12, driven by the shaft 13. Each lever 12 is fixedly connected to the said shaft 13 using a connecting pin 14, driven by a switch 15. Connecting the pins 14 and their switches 15 may be omitted, as shown below, if a disconnecting actuator of any type is used to control each lever 12.

Each switch 15 controls the complex movement of the bending levers 3, 4 and 4-1 through a hinged kinematic mechanism that includes a connecting rod 16 pivotally connected to one end of the lever 12 using the axis 18. The connecting rod 16 at its other end is pivotally connected to the opposing lever 17 with the help of the axis 19. The counteracting lever 17 is also pivotally connected to the body of the bending block U with the help of the axis 21. Thus, the counteracting lever 17 connected to the connecting rod 16 by the axis 19 counteracts the force, Braz by reacting a bending finger or abutment 2, 2-1, 2-2 with the corresponding arm 3, 4, 4-1, and causes this lever to make complex motion trajectories corresponding to adhere bending.

In the position in which the bending finger or emphasis 2, 2-1 or 2-2 is in a position suitable for bending, and the lever 3, 4 or 4-1 is in the mating position below the corresponding finger or emphasis, the path described by the bending lever, causes bending of the wire 1 around the cylindrical surface of the stop itself. The bending angle can vary from 0 ° to 180 °.

In FIG. 4B also shows a sectional view of a fixed base plate 20, on which a movable platform 9 for an electrically welded mesh to be bent is supported. The base plate 20 receives the axial force exerted on the wires 1 when they are bent due to movement of the bending arm.

In the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the bending machine comprises a single actuator 11, which selectively controls the movement of various bending levers 3, 4-1, 4-2 in accordance with a predetermined program executed by the control unit. However, it is preferred that the bending arms are individually and independently controlled, as in the alternative technical solutions shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B.

In these technical solutions, connecting pins 14 and switching devices 15 connecting the lever 12 to the shaft 13 are excluded. Each of the kinematic mechanisms, containing bending levers 3, 4, 4-1, corresponding levers 12 and a shaft 13, is actuated by a corresponding actuator 111. The group of actuators 111 replaces and performs the work of a single actuator 11 used in the technical solution described above with reference to FIG. 3A and FIG. 4A-4B.

Another distinctive element of the present invention is a device for automatic positioning on a support 32 (Fig. 6B), in accordance with the aforementioned program of the control unit, kinematic bending mechanisms, in order to quickly, cost-effectively and safely respond to the need to change the configuration of the bending units, if necessary with various steps between the wires 1, which form sections of an electric welded mesh.

The technical solution described below provides the ability to change the configuration of the machine in the period from the moment when the finished panel is removed from the grid after bending, until the new panel is loaded, without the need for operator intervention.

In fact, as can be seen in the front view shown in FIG. 6A, outside the boundaries of the mobile platform S there are two service areas available for the bending units U1 and U2 to perform the operations necessary to reposition the bending stops. In said zones, as shown in FIG. 6B, mechanisms for changing the position of the bending stops are attached to the support 32, described below also with reference to FIG. 7, FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B.

The mentioned mechanisms for positioning the bending stops are attached to the support 32 by means of a fixing holder 33 connected by means of an appropriate number of bolts to the lever mounting plate 28. The end of the locking arm 25 of the stop having a C-shaped cross section is connected to one end of the lever support 28 using an axis 26. One of the ends of the actuator is connected to the other end of the lever mounting plate 28, the rod of which is connected by a finger to the locking lever 25 of the stop. The free end of the locking lever 25 of the emphasis ends with a pusher 24 to release the emphasis.

The element shown in a local view of AX shown in FIG. 8B, illustrates the structure created at the base of the stops 2-1 and 2-2, which comprises a recess needed to accommodate the stop pin 22. In part B of FIG. 8A, it is shown in detail that the stop fixing fingers 22 are held inoperative by the combined action of the axial force of the spring 23 and the opposite action of the finger stops 29. In this position, the locking fingers 22 enter the positioning grooves 30 made in the movable supports 6 and 6.1. In order to displace one of the bending stops 2-1 or 2-2, the bending unit is laterally displaced within the boundaries of the working area so that the stop to be displaced reaches the location of the stop release mechanism. At this location, the actuator 27 actuates the lever 25 in such a way that when rotated in the direction shown in FIG. 8B with an arrow, the pusher 24 for releasing the stop acts on the head of the locking finger 22 with a force sufficient to move it back and release the groove 30 positioning.

In this configuration shown in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B, the upper part of the bending fingers 2-1 and 2-2 is located between the two shelves of the locking lever 25 of the stop having a C-shaped cross-section, and, as shown in detail in a local view of BX shown in FIG. 9B, the locking pin 22 of the stop is in a retracted position and is no longer included in the positioning groove 30.

After that, the bending unit begins to move in a certain direction so that it brings the bending stop to a new position. When the movement necessary to transfer the axis of the stop locking finger 22 relative to the groove 30 is completed, the actuator 27 acts on the commands of the control unit so that the stop locking lever 25 is rotated by an angle necessary to reduce the force acting on the stop locking finger 22, however, in the same time is sufficient to hold the upper part of the bending finger 2-1 or 2-2 between the two shelves of the locking lever 25 of the emphasis having a C-shaped cross section. Thus, the bending finger 2-1 or 2-2, remaining stationary, moves to a new location due to the movement of the bending unit. When this new location has been reached, the axis of the bending finger 2-1 or 2-2 is aligned with the axis of the selected positioning groove 30, and the return spring 23 pushes the stop pin 22 into the locked position. In this case, the control unit controls the actuator 27 so that the locking lever 25 of the emphasis goes into an inoperative position (Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B). This procedure is repeated for each of the positioned stops 2-1 and 2-2.

After the last necessary repositioning is completed, the bending unit returns to the standby position of the next section of the mesh to be bent.

Of course, the technical solution described above represents only one preferred embodiment of the device for positioning the bending stops, and it should be understood that any alternative technical solution can be used to achieve the same result.

From the preceding description, it is understood that the most important result of the innovation of the present invention is the possibility of using, for shaping the electric-welded mesh, a plurality of movable supports of bending fingers and a corresponding plurality of bending levers, which together form separate bending units, independent of one another.

Based on this, the machine of the present invention provides a significant reduction in the time of bending of electric welded grids, since it is possible to control the bending units in a way that provides the greatest choice, that is, individually or in groups.

Claims (8)

1. An automatic machine for bending electric welded nets formed by longitudinal and transverse wires (1) with different lengths and / or different pitch, containing at least one bending unit (U), equipped with many bending fingers (2, 2-1, 2- 2), controlled in a vertical direction, and the said bending fingers are located at a distance equal to the step of the mesh (R) to be bent, and many bending levers (3, 4, 4-1), which carry out movement controlled in two axes for bending wires around the bending fingers, while I mention the fifth bending unit (U) is mounted on the base (10) of the machine and is arranged to move in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the mesh (R), and rotate around its vertical axis (W), characterized in that the bending fingers (2, 2-1, 2-2) are driven by their respective actuators (8) located in the bending unit (U), which are selectively and independently controlled by the control unit in accordance with a predetermined program and said bending levers (3, 4, 4-1) are connected to at least one bending unit (U) via a articulated kinematic mechanism (11-13, 16-19) and are selectively and independently controlled by said control unit in accordance with mentioned task oh program, to ensure interaction with the corresponding bending fingers. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuators (8) are designed to control the bending fingers (2, 2-1, 2-2) in the vertical direction by means of the corresponding supports (5, 6, 6-1) held in their places, with guides (7), the aforementioned vertical movement being adjustable to allow the bending fingers (2, 2-1, 2-2) to be raised above the working surface. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said articulated kinematic mechanism is equipped with an actuator (11), the shaft (13) of which through the lever (12) drives the connecting rod (16), pivotally connected to the opposing lever (17) which is pivotally connected to the bending unit (U). 4. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that each lever (12) is fixedly connected to said shaft (13) by means of a connecting pin (14) driven by a switch (15). 5. The machine according to p. 3, characterized in that it is equipped with an axis (18), which provides the possibility of mutual rotation of the lever (12) and the connecting rod (16), and an axis (19), which provides the possibility of mutual rotation of the connecting rod (16) and counter lever (17). 6. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the supports (6, 6-1) holding the bending fingers (2-1, 2-2) have positioning grooves (30) on their upper surface into which a plurality of selectively inserted into the engagement of the locking fingers (22), are pushed by springs, and engaged by the corresponding bending fingers (2-1, 2-2), and the said locking fingers (22) are controlled by corresponding levers (24-27) equipped with an actuator, pivotally connected to the mounting strap (28) attached to the base (10) of the machine. 7. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two bending units (U1, U2) that are mounted on a platform (P) located across the longitudinal axis of the mesh (R), with the possibility of moving along two guides (G), mounted on the base (10) of the machine, the guides (G) being laid on both sides of the mesh (R) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the mesh (R).

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