RU2616746C2 - Machine for cleaning the internal surface of flue ducts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: machine comprises a frame with running wheels, a cleaning body with a working tool placed on the drum, of translation movement drive of the cleaning body, a rotation drive of the cleaning body around its axis. The cleaning body is placed in the trough secured around the spiral on the outer drum surface, mounted on the supports. One of the supports is adapted to output the cleaning body, extending inside the drum and connected to the rotation drive of the cleaning body. On the other support, a drum rotation drive is placed, wherein the cleaning body is mounted with possibility of simultaneous winding and the translation movement of the drum rotation drive.

EFFECT: increased cleaning efficiency and improved operational characteristics of the device.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for cleaning pipelines, for example, in the metallurgical, chemical industry and other industries where it is necessary to clean pipes from solid sedimentation, in particular, to devices for cleaning gas ducts for exhaust gases from electrolysis cells to produce aluminum.

In the process of aluminum production by electrolysis of a cryolite-alumina melt, anode gases (CO and CO ₂ ) are formed, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and tarry sublimates are emitted, which entrain the dust consisting of alumina and fluorine salts. In electrolysis housings equipped with electrolyzers with an overhead current supply, harmful gases are evacuated from electrolyzers through ground and underground gas ducts and then through a system of gas treatment plants to the atmosphere. Dust contained in gases, for a number of reasons (suction and malfunctioning of gas removal systems) is deposited on the inner surface of the gas ducts, reducing their cross section, thereby disrupting the normal operation of the exhaust gas. The dust settled in the ducts, which can contain up to 35% carbon, is capable of spontaneous combustion, with the secondary formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, the latter of which is a “greenhouse gas”.

The prior art devices for pneumatic cleaning of flues. The known device includes a supply pipe with bends and distribution pipes fixed to the bottom of the gas duct, each of which is sawtooth with holes formed on the sides facing the direction of gas flow in the duct and shut-off devices. Compressed air from the inlet pipe is sent to the corresponding section of the gas duct by alternately opening shut-off devices, dusting the dust deposits in the gas duct, drawing them into the general gas flow, transferring them for some distance and partially taking them to the gas cleaning system. The device is intended for cleaning gas ducts of aluminum electrolytic cells from dust-grinding deposits (copyright certificate SU No. 1081385, microliter F23J 3/02, 1984).

The disadvantage of this device is the large labor costs for purging the flues, irregular purges due to the lack of time control of the process, the shortage of flues cleaners whose labor is unskilled and harmful, as well as a violation of the gas exhaust from the electrolysis cells during purging and, as a result, environmental degradation in the electrolysis case as a whole.

As a prototype, a device was selected for cleaning the inner surface of pipelines (copyright certificate SU No. 1726074, microliter B08B 9/02, 1989). The device comprises a base made in the form of a mobile trolley, a cleaning organ in the form of a flexible shaft, a drive motor placed on the base, a drum with a flexible shaft, a rotation unit made in the form of a collet mechanism, a translational displacement unit made in the form of a planetary gear mechanism with a collet mechanism with the possibility of axial movement of the flexible shaft along its axis. The device is equipped with a guide, which is made in the form of a flexible element, in the cavity of which a flexible shaft is placed and equipped with an abrasive removal plate. A working body is mounted on the flexible shaft, consisting of a cone-shaped drill and brushes, the tufts of which are arranged in a spiral. The flexible shaft is rewound by a reverse device.

In the known design of the device uses a complex kinematic diagram of the drive rotation of the flexible shaft and the feed drive of the working body, in addition, there is a reverse mechanism of the flexible shaft, which complicates the design. The device is characterized by low reliability during operation and maintainability, difficult replacement of parts during repair and maintenance.

The present invention is to provide a highly efficient, economical and easy-to-use device for cleaning the inner surface of pipelines.

The technical result provided in solving this problem consists in increasing the efficiency of cleaning, improving the operational characteristics of the device, providing ease of assembly when replacing parts and repair.

The named technical result is achieved in the invention due to the following set of features. In a machine for cleaning the internal surfaces of the flues, containing a frame with running wheels and technological equipment, including a cleaning organ, equipped with a working tool, located on the drum, a translational movement drive of the cleaning organ, a rotation drive of the cleaning organ around its axis, according to the claimed invention, the cleaning organ is placed in a spiral in a trench made on the outer surface of the drum mounted on the supports, moreover, one of the supports is configured to output a cleaning organ, pass the inside of the drum and the connection to the rotation drive of the cleaning organ, and the drum rotation drive is located on another support, while the cleaning organ is installed with the possibility of simultaneous winding and translational movement from the drum rotation drive.

In addition, the machine is additionally equipped with a control cabin for the operator installed in the front of the frame, and a power plant in the rear of the frame.

In addition, the cleaning organ extending inside the drum from the shaft of the drive of rotation of the cleaning organ prior to laying in the gutter is located in a guide tube rigidly attached to the drum at the outlet of the gutter; the cleaning organ is located outside the drum inside the metal hose.

In addition, the drum is placed in a fixed housing with a groove along the longitudinal side to move the coiler along the guides.

At the same time, the guides of the stacker are equipped with sensors for the initial position and signaling of a given value for moving the working tool.

In addition, the machine is additionally equipped with a positioning mechanism (direction) of the treatment organ in the duct opening.

At the same time, clamps for securing the metal hose are installed on the positioning mechanism and at the exit from the gutter.

In addition, the cleaning body is made in the form of a flexible shaft or spring.

In this case, the working tool is made in the form of a conical cutter with blades mounted on the end of the flexible shaft.

The invention, its features, details and advantages can be understood from the description given with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrating an example embodiment of the invention, which shows:

in FIG. 1 - general view of the machine, left view;

in FIG. 2 is an axonometric image of a drum with a treatment organ; the case is conventionally not shown;

in FIG. 3 - installation of the drum in the housing;

in FIG. 4 - image of the machine, right view;

in FIG. 5 - section of a flexible shaft.

The list of structural elements:

self-propelled wheeled chassis 1;

power unit 2;

operator's cab 3;

technological equipment 4;

machine frame 5;

treatment organ 6;

work tool 7;

drum 8;

drum body 9;

drum flanges 10;

drum support 11 for mounting a rotation drive 12;

drum drive shaft 13;

axle 14 supports;

support 15 for installing the rotation drive of the treatment organ 6;

clutch 16;

rotation drive 17 of the treatment organ;

spiral groove 18;

guide tube 19;

metal sleeve 20;

positioning mechanism 21 of the treatment organ;

clamp 22;

clamp 23;

stacker 24;

restrictive elements 25;

a groove 26 along the longitudinal side of the drum;

guides 27;

home position sensor 28;

displacement sensor 29 of the working tool.

As can be seen from the figures (Fig. 1-5), the machine consists of a self-propelled, wheeled chassis 1, on which a power unit 2, an operator's cab 3 and technological equipment 4 are installed.

The frame of the machine 5 is used for placement in the front of the frame - the control cabin for the operator 3, and in the rear of the frame - power unit 2.

Technological equipment 4 contains a cleaning organ 6, equipped with a working tool 7 and placed on the drum 8. The cleaning organ can be made, for example, in the form of a flexible shaft or spring, for example, in the form of a single-layer spiral winding of a hardened metal wire.

The drum 8 is placed in the housing 9, mounted on the frame of the machine 5. On the drum 8, flanges 10 are made on both sides, with which the drum is fixed in the supports.

A drum rotation drive 12 is fixed on one support. A drum 12 drive shaft 13 is located in the pin 14 of the support 11. From the opposite end of the drum 8, on the support 15, through the clutch 16, a rotation drive 17 of the cleaning organ is fixed 6. Support for output of the cleaning organ and shaft a drum rotation drive is provided with a through hole.

On the outer surface of the drum 8, a chute 18 is mounted in a spiral to accommodate the cleaning organ 6. After laying in the spiral of the chute 18, the cleaning organ 6 passes inside the drum 8 and is connected to the rotational drive motor 17 of the cleaning organ around its axis. Inside the drum 8 from the shaft of the rotation drive 17 of the cleaning body to be laid in the chute 18, the cleaning body 6 is located in the guide tube 19, rigidly mounted on the drum 8. Outside of the drum 8, from the working tool 7 to the entrance to the drum 8, the cleaning body 6 passes inside the metal hose 20. The machine may additionally be equipped with a positioning mechanism 21 (direction) of the cleaning organ located on the front wall of the frame of the machine 5. The metal sleeve 20 is fixed by a clamp 22 installed at the working tool 7 and a clamp 23 - at the coiler 24. To prevent the wrapping and twisting of the metal sleeve 20 in a loop on the frame of the machine 5, restrictive elements 25 are installed.

On the casing 9 of the drum 8 is fixed coiler 24, with the ability to move along the guides, moved by the edges of the gutter. In the drum casing along the longitudinal side, a groove 26 is made for moving the rollers (not shown) of the stacker 24 along the guides 27. The guides 27 of the stacker 24 are equipped with sensors for the initial position 28 and displacement of the working tool 29. The displacement sensors of the working tool control its movement to the required length , for example, from 1 to 4.5 m. The working tool 7 can be made, for example, in the form of a conical cutter with blades mounted on the end of a flexible shaft.

The cleaning of the flue is carried out by the treatment body 6, which operates as follows. By means of the positioning device 21, the working tool is placed opposite the entrance to the gas duct.

The supply of the cleaning organ 6 to the gas duct is carried out by unwinding it from the drum 8 with the drive 12, and the rotation of the working tool 7 is due to the drive 17.

After the working tool 7 is inserted into the gas duct under the influence of a positive impulse of torque and axial force, the cleaning organ 6 with its working tool 7 is screwed into the abrasive (deposits of tar substances), loosens it and the abrasive is removed from the gas duct by the air flow.

After completing the cleaning of the gas duct, the purification organ 6 is rewound onto the drum 8 due to the rotation of the drum by the drive 12.

The above example of a specific implementation according to the invention is not the only one possible. Various modifications and improvements are permitted without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.

The tests of the machine confirmed the performance and reliability of the design. The technical solution is industrially applicable, since it has been manufactured, tested and is supposed to be used at RUSAL plants for cleaning the internal surface of gas ducts.

Claims (9)

1. A machine for cleaning the inner surfaces of the exhaust gas ducts from electrolysis cells for producing aluminum, comprising a frame with running wheels, a cleaning member with a working tool located on the drum, a translational movement drive of the cleaning member, a cleaning member rotation drive around its axis, characterized in that on the outer surface of the drum a spiral is fixed to the gutter with the placement of a cleaning organ passing inside the drum before laying in the spiral of the gutter and connected to the drive a circle of its axis, while the cleaning organ is installed with the possibility of simultaneous translational movement and winding from the drum rotation drive, the drum is mounted on supports, one of the supports being configured to output the cleaning organ, and the drum rotation drive is placed on the other support. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning organ extending inside the drum from the shaft of the drive of rotation of the cleaning organ to be laid in the gutter is located in a guide tube rigidly attached to the drum, and at the outlet of the gutter outside the drum, the cleaning organ is located inside metal hose. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum is placed in a fixed housing, on the longitudinal side of which a groove is made for moving the stacker along the guides. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that sensors of the initial position and movement of the working tool are installed on the guides of the stacker. 5. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for positioning and directing the treatment organ into the gas duct hatch. 6. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that on the positioning mechanism and at the exit of the gutter clamps are installed to secure the metal hose. 7. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the treatment body is made in the form of a flexible shaft or spring. 8. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working tool is made in the form of a conical cutter with blades mounted on the end of a flexible shaft. 9. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a control cabin for the operator installed in the front of the frame and a power unit in the rear of the frame.

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