RU2616666C1 - Method of fluid medium filtration and frame filter for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: frame filter comprises two sequentially mounted frames with filter panels, inlet and outlet channels of the processing fluid medium, a washing system, a system of sludge collection and disposal, a drip-proof canopy, a control unit which allows to carry out the liquid filtration process in automatic and/or manual modes. The frames are installed in the U-shaped trusses, upright truss posts are made in the form of plain slideways from the channel, the frames move along them, having the mobility in the vertical plane and alternately operating on the fluid clarification so that a frame lifting for washing of filter panel from adhered sludge becomes possible only after lowering and putting into operation the frame with a clean filter panel. Position of the filter section in the channel or housing relative to the flow can be made perpendicular or diagonal at any angle to the stream or parallel to the stream with overlapping the channel by the end wall, not allowing the passage of the filtered liquid past the panel.

EFFECT: expansed range and simplified design and manufacturing technology.

20 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a filtering technique and can be used as a filter or microfilter for cleaning a fluid, including water for human or animal consumption, for cleaning a fluid - water and / or gases: from litter, oil, oils, dispersed, suspended and / or colloidal particles, plankton, and can be used in agriculture and utilities, aquaculture, in industry.

The known channel rotational belt microfilter of the Danish company Vintek (www.wintec.dk) is installed diagonally in a channel of rectangular cross section, overlapping the entire cross section of the channel from the bottom to the level above the surface of the water. The sediment flushing system is located in the upper part.

The main disadvantage of this filter is that the wide endless filter tape during operation has a different stretch across the width of the filter sheet, caused by exposure to uneven water pressure due to hydraulic resistance during uneven contamination of the working area of the tape, which leads to its uneven deflection, which leads to its sliding to any edge, causing churning and stopping rotation. If the mesh is damaged or ruptured, the entire mesh must be replaced. For these reasons, such filters are not widely used.

The well-known "Self-washing strainer" (patent RU No. 122585 U1), which contains a housing with inlet and outlet pipelines, inside which a filter element is installed, containing at least two mesh sections connected in series with each other. The cell size of each subsequent section is smaller than the cell size of the previous section. The mesh sections are fixed in a frame on which at least one sealed elastic gasket is installed on the side of the fluid flow, while the frame is made of radial grooves in communication with the longitudinal channels.

The disadvantage of this filter is the need to disconnect it from the filtration process during backwashing of the filter panels, which is unacceptable, for example, in fish farming. In addition, the water filtration resource before clogging a particular filter panel depends on the fractional composition of the suspension and colloidal particles in the water, so it can be limited by the throughput of any filter panel in the filter. For example, if the first panel with the largest mesh is clogged, the flush water flow will include flushing all the mud chambers, regardless of clogging of the other panels, which will require a large flush water flow. Therefore, with large volumes of process water flow, such as in fish farming, this filter will be uneconomical in terms of flushing water consumption.

Known drum microfilter manufactured by the Swedish company "Hydrotech" (http://technomaps.veoliawatertechnologies.com/hydrotech/ru/), the filtering section of which contains one frame made in the form of a hollow cylinder made of steel or plastic, on the surface of which are installed rectangular filtering plastic panels.

Known disk microfilter, manufactured by the same company, containing several filter sections, each of which contains two frames mounted in parallel at a small distance, combined into a disk with a surface closed along the edge of the disk, filter panels are installed on / on the outer ends of the disk in the form of sectors. Contaminated water is supplied through the inlet channel (pipe) into the inside of the disk and, passing through the filtering sector panels, is poured out clean. This design has the largest filtration area with the smallest footprint. Disc filters, like drum filters, are available in channel and housing versions, equipped with inlet and outlet channels, a backwash system for filter panels and sediment removal, the upper surface of which, to prevent splashing, is closed by a splash guard.

The disadvantages of these microfilters are that they have high technological complexity in the manufacture of their structures and, consequently, high cost, require mandatory strict adherence to many parameters for installation. These filters do not have mobility, and their drums or discs can theoretically be immersed in water to a depth of a maximum of 0.55 ... 0.65 diameter, because the remaining height is needed to ensure the flushing process.

The closest analogue with respect to the invention is the “Continuous Frame Filter” (AS SU 955579), adopted as a prototype, containing a two-chamber cylindrical housing, in the upper working chamber of which filter sections are radially mounted with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction, while the contaminated filter panel is lowered into the lower part of the housing, which is a washing, it is equipped with a sediment removal pipe. The upper part of the housing is divided into inlet and outlet sections by means of a continuous radial partition.

The disadvantage of this filter is its narrow specialization, because it is capable of filtering only dispersed contaminants with particle sizes exceeding the filter mesh, because washing the filter surface when lowering the panel will create a movement of water parallel to its surface, and such a flow of water will not allow to wash away sticky, for example colloidal or oil, as well as fine particles that have penetrated the structure of the filter material. In addition, when lowering the last dirty filtering panel for washing, the pressure of the dispersed particles against the panel will be weakened by the flow from the pressure side, and a decrease in hydrodynamic resistance due to lowering of the dirty panel will increase the flow velocity above the panel, which will cause swirling behind its upper transverse partition, which in the reverse flow will push dispersion particles into the total filtrate stream, which will lower the quality of the filtrate. Another disadvantage of the filter is the increased consumption of flushing water.

Terms and definitions adopted in the invention.

Filter section - a set of technological systems that allow the process of filtering liquid or gas in automatic and / or manual modes, including at least one spatial and / or three-dimensional structure, consisting of at least two trusses equipped with racks, made in the form of sliding guides, at least two frames equipped with filter panels, moving in the guiding racks of farms, systems: washing contaminated panels, removing sediment, replacing contaminated panel to clean. The sections of the supply channel to the filtering panels of the contaminated and removal of the filtered fluid are conditionally divided into the inlet - to the filter section, after it - the outlet section. It can be installed in the channel or the case.

Fluid - a process fluid in the form of a liquid or gas in which it is contaminated by dispersed, suspended and / or colloidal particles.

Flow - the constant movement of the mass of fluid (liquid or gas) in a certain direction, caused by its different levels or pressure at the beginning and at the end of the process.

Frame - a movable rigid flat or three-dimensional structure, adapted to the shape of the channel, consisting of horizontal, vertical and, possibly, diagonal and / or curly beams, is a supporting structure for attaching at least one filter panel or grille to / on it. The frame can be made integral with the filter panel or it can be.

A truss is a rigid spatial and / or three-dimensional structure, made at least in the surface (for liquids) part, mainly in a U-shape, including vertical racks made in the form of sliding guides equipped with grooves along which the frame moves. With the figured shape of the working part of the channel or the housing in which the truss is installed, its guides in this part can also be made in the shape of the figured surface of the working part of the channel or the housing and can be tightly connected to their surface, while the frame, with its lower edge, can enter grooves in the working part of the guides for better stability and sealing in the joints. For gases, the truss can be installed in the housing radially in any convenient direction.

Filter panel (panel) - a rigid or flexible, flat or three-dimensional structure, mounted or not mounted on / on the frame, designed for filtering a fluid, consisting of a filter cloth and / or mesh cloth connected to at least one flat or volumetric lattice, or sandwiched between two lattices, or stretched on the frame of the frame. The panel can be made of fragments, the composition of which allows you to close the entire working area of the frame, or be made uniform in the form of geometry of the working area of the frame.

A grate is a flat or three-dimensional, rigid or flexible construction, which is the basis for fastening and / or fixing the mesh cloth and / or filter cloth, can act as a straightening device for fluid, and also be an obstacle for sliding off the filtered cloth or mesh cloth substance in the washing process, is a cellular structure made of vertical and / or horizontal and / or diagonal and / or curly rows of rods and / or strips and / or beams and / or pipes or in the form of feathers The braided wire and / or mesh, or in the form of a stamped flat grooved sheet, can be made of any material, and the mesh lattice can have any shape, shape and geometric dimensions of the ribs and the geometry of the holes.

The working part of the channel is the part (for liquid) or all (for gases) of the cross section of the channel along which the flow of fluid moves.

Non-working part of the channel - the surface part (for liquid) or the part of the channel separated from the stream (for gases), intended for washing and / or cleaning the filter panels and not used for the filtering process.

The working surface of the filtering panel is the side of the panel directed towards the flow, on which the technological process of filtering and collecting sediment is carried out.

Work frame - a frame, equipped or not equipped with a filter panel, installed in a fluid stream and filtering this stream.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the frame filter containing a filter section, comprising at least two sequentially installed frames, a drive system for moving the frames, a control unit that performs the filtering process in automatic and / or manual modes, a washing system and / or cleaning, characterized in that the filter section is installed in a housing or channel with a fluid, while the filter section is made in the form of a spatial and / or volumetric truss equipped with sliding guides a frame for moving frames around them when alternately introducing and discharging a fluid into the flow, and each of the frames is equipped with a grill and / or at least one filter panel dividing the channel or housing into the inlet and outlet sections, and the filter includes a collection system and sediment removal, splash guard; the farm of the filtering section in the non-working part is mainly made in a U-shape, the posts of which are made in the form of sliding guides along which the frame moves, while the guides can be continued and installed in the working part of the channel and copy the profile of the working part of the channel or housing, connect with their working surfaces, while the frame, made under the profile of the working part of the channel, is included or not included in the grooves of the guides installed in the working part of the channel; vertical truss racks are attached to the inner walls of the canal or housing by means of eyes welded to them on one or both sides, or through fastening the pins to the wall through the rack, or by welding to the wall and / or embedded parts, or by gluing, or by installing in technological grooves , or in a combination of the listed mounting methods; the frame is made in the form of a movable rigid flat or three-dimensional structure, adapted to the shape of the working part of the channel, consisting of horizontal, vertical or using diagonal and / or curved beams, equipped with sliding elements for movement along the sliding guides of the farm; the frame is a frame for mounting on / on it at least one filter panel, or the frame is made completely as a single filter panel; the filtering panel is made in the form of a rigid or flexible structure, consists of a net cloth or filter cloth connected to at least one grating, or sandwiched between two gratings, or stretched onto a frame; the filter panel is made to fit the size and geometry of the frame, which, in turn, is made to fit the profile of the working part of the channel; the mesh cloth or filter cloth of the filter panel is mechanically attached to the ribs of the grate, mainly from its outer side, by any method: welding, gluing, sewing, pressing with plates, stripes and / or clamping latches, or in a combination of the above fixing methods; the filtering panel is made fragmented and when compiling fragments allows you to close the frame profile; the grill of the filtering panel from the working side facing the flow is equipped with horizontally located ribs and / or mud and / or trash shelves; the cross-sectional mesh of the filtering panel is made in the form of some kind of geometric figure: a tri-, four-, five-, hexagon, rhombus, trapezoid, parallelogram, square, rectangle, or in a combination of the listed figures, with a bias towards the grid and / or installed parallel to the ground with the possibility of holding sediment sliding under its own weight, while the direction of the lattice ribs is oriented in the direction of flow; the location of the filter section in the channel or housing, with respect to the flow, is either perpendicular to it, or diagonally at any angle to the flow, or parallel to the flow with the channel blocking by an end wall that prevents the passage of fluid past the filter panel, or in a combination of the above methods installation; withdrawal from the stream of the frame for washing off the adhering sediment is carried out by raising the frame by a mechanism, for example, on the basis of a hydraulic, pneumatic, electric cylinder, or by flexible connection with an electric drive, or rack or screw transmission, or manually, or in a combination of the listed mechanisms; a signal to flush the panel is provided by a water level sensor installed in front of or after the filter panel; sliding surfaces of the frame and / or rails are equipped with an anti-friction insert; sediment collection during washing of the filter panel is carried out by at least one trough, with the withdrawal of sediment by gravity outside the filter; equipped with at least one washing system of the filter panel with filtrate jets, which is carried out against the direction of flow; contains in the filter section of the frame with filter panels with different degrees of filtration; the filtering section comprises at least one frame equipped with a grill designed to hold and remove trash and / or debris; frames, in relation to one another, are not installed in parallel.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the arsenal of filter designs.

The technical result when implementing the invention consists in:

- expanding the arsenal of filters;

- simplification of the design and manufacturing technology;

- reducing the cost of the filter;

- filter mobility;

- the ability to retrofit filters for an existing channel;

- simplifying maintenance and repair.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, which depict:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a filter.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through a filter.

FIG. 3 - methods of installing filter sections in the channel, top view. FIG. 4 - methods of installing two filter sections in the channel, top view.

The numbers indicate:

1 - concrete channel; 2 - water supply pipe washing system panels; 3 - flushing nozzles; 4 - tray for collecting wash water and sediment; 5 - rack farm; 6 - diagonal farm; 7 - the upper beam of the farm; 8 - chain drive sprockets; 9 - screw transmission nuts; 10 - screws moving the frame with a clean filter panel; 11 - frame with a filter panel cleaned of contamination; 12 - chain drive sprockets; 13 - electric drive of chain drives; 14 - screws for moving the working frame; 15 - working frame; 16 - water level in the channel; 17 - diagonal farm; 18 - level sensor; 19 - eyes securing the truss racks to the channel wall; 20 is a longitudinal arrangement of frames with filter panels in the channel; 21 - diagonal arrangement of frames with filtering panels in the channel; 22 is a transverse arrangement of frames with filter panels in the channel; 23 - trash frames; 24 - flow divider; 25 - guide walls. Arrow “a” is the direction of fluid flow.

The composition and purpose of the elements of the frame filter.

The frame filter contains at least one filter section, which is installed in a sealed housing or in the technological channel 1 (Fig. 1, 2) and contains at least two consecutively installed frames 11, 15, each of which is equipped with its own filter panel. The filtering section divides the channel into inlet and outlet sections. The section is equipped with a flushing or cleaning system for filtering panels, consisting of a pipe 2 equipped with nozzles 3, either one on both frames or one on each frame combined with a sediment collection and removal system 4. When using a filter to purify indoor water, to prevent spraying the washing liquid around the section, it, or the device of the panel washing system and collecting sediment, are closed by a splash guard. The process of filter operation is controlled by a control unit (not shown), which allows for the process of filtering fluid in automatic and / or manual modes. The filter section contains mainly two trusses, made at least out of flow, for example, in the surface part, in the U-shape, the vertical posts of the 5 trusses are made in the form of sliding guides, mainly from the channel, along the grooves of which the frames 11 , 15, the upper beam 7 of the truss, to give it rigidity, can be reinforced with diagonal braces 6, and the drains 5 are reinforced by the braces of truss 17. Since the profile of channel 1 can be outlined in the form of any geometric figure or be shaped, then the guides in the underwater part These trusses (if installed there) can be made in the form of the profile of the working (underwater) part of the channel 1 or the housing and can be tightly connected to the inner surface of the channel to prevent leaks, while the frame 11 or 15, with its lower edge, can enter the grooves in working (underwater) part of the guides. The guides 5 of the truss are fixed to the walls of the (culvert) channel 1 or the sealed enclosure by means of lugs 19 welded to them on one or both sides, or through the fastening of the pins to the wall through rack 5, or by welding to embedded parts, or by installing them in technological grooves , or in any other way, or in a combination of methods, it is advisable to seal and smooth the junction of the guide to the wall, for example, with hydrocement, silicone or other sealants. In this case, the working plane of the filter panel should copy the outlines of the frame, and its individual elements must be made in accordance with its geometry.

Frames 11, 15 are made in the form of a rigid flat or three-dimensional structure, mainly with a horizontal upper beam, their lower working (underwater) part copies the channel profile. The frame is a frame for attaching filter panels to / on it, so the frame structure should contain horizontal, vertical and, possibly, diagonal and / or curly beams or strips, mainly installed by the edge to the flow, to give it the proper shape and rigidity, as well as formation of windows into which filter panels are inserted. The presence of a certain number of beams, in addition to stiffening the frame, will also reduce the area of the panels, which will increase their resistance to fluid pressure.

Frames 11, 15 have mobility in the vertical plane and work on cleaning the fluid in such a way that raising one frame (for example, 11) for washing and / or cleaning the filter panel from adhering sediment becomes possible only after lowering and putting into operation another frame (e.g. 15) with a clean filter panel.

The friction surfaces of the frames 11, 15 in the guides 5, along which they move and to which they are pressed by the pressure of the fluid, can be equipped, mainly in the underwater part, with an insert made of a material having a low coefficient of friction, to reduce the forces on the lifting mechanism of the frames, for example, for water, it’s plastic like caprolon.

The filtering panel can be made as a single panel in the entire area of the frame or fragmented into several smaller panels, forming a single filtering area when installed in / on the frame 11, 15. The panel is made mainly in the form of a rigid or flexible, flat or three-dimensional structure, consisting of a net or filter cloth connected to a three-dimensional or flat grate, but can also be made in the form of a mesh or filter cloth sandwiched between two gratings, or a net cloth tensioned on the frame (on the frame). The panels are made in accordance with the size of the frame windows and the geometry of its working part, which, in turn, is made to the shape of the channel profile.

The filter frames 23 (FIG. 4), designed to remove trash, may not be equipped with a net cloth, but contain only a vertical and / or horizontal bar grate and a similar elevator trash shelf. They must work in accordance with the claimed method.

To comply with the required filtration area, the location of the filter section in channel 1 (Fig. 3) or in the housing, with respect to flow " a ", can be perpendicular to 22, or diagonally 21 at any angle to the flow, or parallel to 20 flow with the end channel overlapping a wall 25 that does not allow filtered fluid to pass past panels 20, or in a combination of methods. The number of filter sections can be any and with a different mesh size of the mesh or filter cloth, and the volumetric grilles of the filter panels are inclined towards the flow, forming a straightening device with their ribs to direct the flow to the filter elements of the filter panel at the desired angle.

When installing in channel 1 (Fig. 4), for example, two filter sections 20, the flow " a ", for load distribution on the panel, can be divided by a flow divider 25. The frames of the filter section can be installed in the stream non-parallel, i.e. from any angle to one another.

The signal for flushing the panel is given by a pressure sensor 18 (Fig. 2) of any type of gas or water level 16, installed in front of or after the filter panel. Since the hydraulic resistance on it increases when the filter panel becomes dirty, either the level (for water) to level H1 or pressure (for gas) increases in front of it, and after it decreases to level H2, which captures the level sensor and the control unit according to a certain program, it begins to change panels from contaminated to clean.

The contaminated frame (for example, 11) is removed from the fluid flow to wash off the adhering sediment by lifting it in any way, for example, by a mechanism based on a hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric cylinder (s), or by means of a flexible connection - a chain, belt, or electric drive , either rack and pinion or helical gears, either manually or in a combination of methods.

For example, when using a helical gear, the frames 11, 15 are equipped with screws 10, 14 that interact with the nuts 9. The nuts are equipped with asterisks 8 and are connected by chains 12 to the sprockets 8 of the electric motor 13 (Fig. 1, 2), during rotation of which the torque is transmitted to the nuts 9, and those, rotating without the possibility of vertical movement, vertically move the screws 10 or 14, which, in turn, move their frames 11 or 15.

When lifting the frame 11, it undergoes washing and / or cleaning, carried out under pressure water, which is supplied through the pipe 2 to the nozzles 3. Sediment is collected during washing and / or cleaning of the filter panel by at least one trough 4 with the withdrawal of sediment by force or by gravity outside the filter.

Water is supplied to the washing nozzle system by an electric pump through a fine filter, mainly from the volume of filtered clean water from the outlet channel, or from the pressure supply network. To clean the trash panels, water can be taken directly from channel 1 without filtering and, after rinsing with a stream of debris from the trash-holding shelf of the elevator, again flow into channel 1.

To protect the working room in which the filter is installed, from splashes and water dust when washing and / or cleaning the panels, a splash guard is provided, made mainly of plastic or metal, and the hood can cover both the washing part of the filter and its entire surface part.

Features of the filtering process.

The frame filter is a continuously operating mechanism consisting of two frames with filter panels installed in them. The purified water passes through the panel, being filtered through its grid. Washing the mesh when lifting the frame 11 is made by the pressure of water from the spray nozzles 3, the jet of which is directed in the opposite direction to the flow side " a ". dirty water and sludge after cleaning the mesh are collected in a special receiver - gutter 4 and then displayed on the sludge dewatering device.

Water filtration technology consists of four or five interconnected alternately carried out processes:

1) filtering the fluid through a filter panel;

2) installation in a stream of frames with a clean panel;

3) when placing a frame with a clean panel in front of a frame with a dirty panel, a certain amount of time is spent waiting for the volume of water to move between the frames to the frame with a dirty panel by means of a flow pressure;

4) withdrawal from the stream of the frame with a dirty panel;

5) washing the contaminated panel from delayed contaminants in the course of its withdrawal from the stream.

The filtering process occurs during the alternation of frames 11, 15, equipped with filtering panels, when the area of the filtering surface of the mesh of one of the panels 11, just washed, with high permeability, is installed in the stream " a ", after installing another frame 15 with a panel clogged with substances , delayed from the filtered fluid, begins to rise and, passing through the washing and removing sediment zone, remains in the upper position in anticipation of replacing the clogged panel with a clean one.

The filtering process should take place at a certain frequency of panel changes, which ensures the functioning of the process.

The frames are sealed in the guides either by means of a tight fit, or by an overlap method on the frame beams or on the guide beams, a tape seal installed along the joint, which is pressed against the joint under the influence of fluid pressure (if there is a leak) and eliminates leakage.

The presence on the frame of individual easily removable filter panels makes it easy to carry out their maintenance, installation and dismantling, changing panels to adapt the filter to the actual flow rate and filtering performance.

The microfilter works as follows.

Consider the filter operation process by the example of fluid filtration in the form of water, because for gas (s) the process is similar. For the filter to work, it is necessary that one of the frames (for example, 15) with the filter panel is lowered into the stream "a", the other (for example, 11) is lifted from the water and cleaned of sediment. Contaminated water, if necessary, passes through at least one frame 23 (Fig. 4), equipped with a filter panel with a grill with a large mesh and wide shelves for collecting large litter and garbage, which is redirected to the designated receiving chamber. Further, the purified water passing through the filter panel leaves dispersion suspensions and colloidal particles on it. The driving force of water is created due to the difference between the water levels before and after the filter panel is installed in the flow and is formed in accordance with the features of the process using a fluid. After raising the HI water level to the frame 15, determined by the level sensor 18, the frame 11 with a clean panel, by controlling the process with the control unit, goes down into the water and is installed at its workplace. If the frame with a clean panel is installed in front of the dirty one, then the flow of water “ a ” passing through the clean panel will quickly press the suspensions and colloidal particles located in the water space between the panels to the frame with a dirty panel, so the frame with a dirty panel can be lifted to flush the panel after a little time. If the frame with a clean panel is installed behind the frame with a dirty panel, then this frame can be lifted for washing immediately after installing the frame with a clean panel. A frame with a dirty panel rises, passing the countercurrent flushing zone. Through the flushing nozzle, water is supplied to the outer surface of the filter panel, washes the precipitate from the filter panel and sends the precipitate together with water by gravity to a special device for collecting and / or dewatering the sediment.

With a high load on the filter, its section can be equipped with three or more frames to increase the speed of replacing the frames.

Depending on the operating mode, the panels may change intermittently or continuously.

Maintenance and repair can be carried out on a working filter, for this work it is necessary to carry out on the frames raised alternately, managing to carry out maintenance before changing the frames.

The proposed filter is designed to handle large volumes of process water, because It has low hydraulic losses due to the fact that filtering is carried out only under the influence of gravity, it has a large filtering surface with a small installation area.

Thus, the design of the frame filter allows you to reduce the price of filters and get a high specific filtration area while maintaining the technological parameters of the filtered medium.

The above design of the frame filter does not exhaust all the options, but is only an illustration of it. In practice, other options can be used without violating the basic idea of a technical solution.

Claims (20)

1. A frame filter comprising a filtering section including at least two sequentially mounted frames, a drive system for moving the frames, a control unit performing the filtering process in automatic and / or manual modes, a washing and / or cleaning system, characterized in that the filtering section is installed in the housing or the channel with the fluid, while the filtering section is made in the form of a spatial and / or volumetric truss equipped with slide rails for moving frames along them input into and out of the fluid stream, and each of the frames is equipped with a grill and / or at least one filter panel that separates the channel or housing into the inlet and outlet sections, and the filter includes a sediment collection and removal system, and a splash guard. 2. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the truss of the filtering section in the non-working part is mainly made in a U-shape, the posts of which are made in the form of sliding guides along which the frame moves, while the guides can be continued and installed in the working part channel and copy the profile of the working part of the channel or housing, connect with their working surfaces, while the frame, made under the profile of the working part of the channel, is included or not included in the grooves of the guides installed in the working part of the channel. 3. The filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the vertical trusses of the truss are attached to the inner walls of the channel or the body by means of eyes welded to them on one or both sides, or through the fastening of the pins to the wall through the rack, or by welding to the wall and / or embedded parts, or gluing, or installation in technological grooves, or in a combination of the above fixing methods. 4. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is made in the form of a movable rigid flat or volumetric structure, fitted to the shape of the working part of the channel, consisting of horizontal, vertical or using diagonal and / or curved beams, equipped with sliding elements for movement on the slide guides of the farm. 5. The filter according to claim 4, characterized in that the frame is a frame for attaching at least one filter panel to / on it or the frame is made completely as a single filter panel. 6. The filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the filtering panel is made in the form of a rigid or flexible structure, consists of a net cloth or filter cloth connected to at least one grating, or sandwiched between two gratings, or stretched onto a frame. 7. The filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the filtering panel is made to fit the size and geometry of the frame, which, in turn, is made to fit the profile of the working part of the channel. 8. The filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the mesh cloth or filter cloth of the filter panel is mechanically attached to the ribs of the grating, mainly from its outside, by any method: welding, gluing, sewing, pressing with plates, stripes and / or clamping latches, or in a combination of the listed mounting methods. 9. The filter according to any one of paragraphs. 6, 7, characterized in that the filtering panel is made fragmented and when compiling fragments allows you to close the frame profile. 10. The filter according to claim 8, characterized in that the grill of the filtering panel from the working side facing the flow is equipped with horizontally spaced ribs and / or mud and / or trash shelves. 11. The filter according to any one of paragraphs. 8, 10, characterized in that the lattice of the filtering panel in cross section is made in the form of any geometric figure: a tri, four, five, hexagon, rhombus, trapezoid, parallelogram, square, rectangle, or a combination of the listed figures , with a slope towards the grid and / or parallel to the ground with the possibility of holding sediment sliding under its own weight, while the direction of the lattice ribs is oriented in the direction of flow. 12. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the location of the filter section in the channel or housing, with respect to the flow, is made either perpendicular to it, or diagonally at any angle to the flow, or parallel to the flow with the channel blocking by an end wall that does not allow the passage of fluid past the filter panel, or in a combination of the above installation methods. 13. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the output from the frame stream for washing off the adhering sludge is carried out by raising the frame by a mechanism, for example, based on a hydraulic, pneumatic, electric cylinder, or by flexible connection with an electric drive, or a rack or screw transmission either manually or in a combination of the listed mechanisms. 14. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal for flushing the panel is provided by a water level sensor installed in front of or after the filter panel. 15. The filter according to any one of paragraphs. 2, 3, 4, characterized in that the sliding surfaces of the frame and / or rails are equipped with an anti-friction insert. 16. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the collection of sediment during the washing of the filter panel is carried out by at least one trough, with the withdrawal of sediment by gravity outside the filter. 17. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one washing system of the filter panel with filtrate jets, which is carried out against the direction of flow. 18. The filter according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, characterized in that it contains in the filter section of the frame with filter panels with different degrees of filtration. 19. The filter according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, 10, characterized in that the filter section contains at least one frame equipped with a grill made to hold and remove trash and / or debris. 20. The filter according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 12, characterized in that the frames, in relation to one another, are not installed in parallel.

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