RU2615544C1 - Vibratory pile driver with changeable distance between axes of misbalances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: vibratory pile driver contains two vibro modules which are connected to opposite ends of the cylinders with the possibility to change the angle and/or linear distance between vibro modules. Each vibro module contains pinned on it shaft with disbalance, drive and motor connected to the disbalance and clamping jaw. Meanwhile disbalances of vibro modules are made with the possibility of simultaneous rotation in opposite directions.

EFFECT: increasing the speed of dipping or retrieve items, increasing the amplitude of the transmitted vibration to the derivable or steep element while enhancing functionality, ensuring the possibility of processing elements with different dimensions.

1 dwg, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to construction equipment, and in particular to a device designed for fastening to a clogged object, immersed in soil of light and medium hardness or removed from the soil by creating vibration. Vibration drivers inform the elements (pile, dowel, pipe) that are immersed (or extracted) into the soil directed along their axis of oscillation, thereby reducing the coefficient of friction between the soil and the surface of the introduced (extracted) element.

The prior art machine for immersion piles or pile foundations under the supports of the contact network, containing the working body, made in the form of interchangeable equipment, mounted on a movable carriage placed on a support-rotary device. The working body is made in the form of a vibro driver with a gripping device that provides lateral clamping of piles or pile foundations. The vibro-driver contains a vibrator with a guide, a gripping device in which four hydraulic cylinders are installed, the rods of which are rigidly connected to the wedges interacting with the clamping crackers. In addition, the clamping crackers are made with replaceable jaws (RU 39614, 08/10/2004).

A vibrator is known, comprising a clamping element for clamping an immersed or removable element, the clamping element consisting of two parts configured to change the distance between them, interconnected by a hydraulic cylinder, which creates a clamping force for the immersed or extracted element (DE 2654995, 06/08/1978) .

The closest analogue is a vibrator for immersion piles, including a vibration exciter with unbalanced shafts, connected to the working body by means of a hinge located at an equal distance from the unbalanced shafts, in order to increase reliability by ensuring stable self-synchronization, the hinge is located in the center of gravity of the vibration exciter parallel to the unbalanced shafts (RU 1150306, 04.15.1985).

In well-known vibration exciters, the clamping device for the workpiece is made in the form of a part separate from the body of the vibration absorber. The disadvantages of the known devices, including the closest analogue, is that the known devices have a high mass, and when using such vibration absorbers, a high speed of extraction or immersion of the element is not provided.

The objective of the invention is the development of a vibratory driver that provides effective vibration processing of an immersed or recoverable element.

The present invention proposes to exclude the clamping device made as a separate element from the traditional design of the vibrator, transferring the functions of the clamping device to the composite body of the vibrator. Moreover, the proposed design uses the principle of self-synchronization of the unbalance of the vibrator. This principle of self-synchronization implies that each unbalance has a separate drive motor and the absence of a mechanical connection between the individual unbalances through gears, chains or belts. The principle of self-synchronization allows you to place each unbalance in a separate part of the composite housing (vibration unit) and use two vibration units as a support for clamping the immersed element.

The technical result of the claimed solution is to increase the speed of immersion or retrieval of the element, which is achieved by increasing the amplitude of the vibrations transmitted to the immersed or retrieved element, while expanding the functionality, which consists in providing the possibility of processing elements with different dimensions.

The technical result is achieved due to the implementation of a vibratory driver containing two vibratory units, pivotally connected to opposite ends of the hydraulic cylinder with the possibility of changing the angular and / or linear distance between the vibratory units, each vibroblock containing a shaft mounted on it with unbalance, a drive and a hydraulic motor connected to the unbalance, and clamping jaw, and unbalances made with the possibility of their synchronous rotation in opposite directions.

When performing vibration units with the same mass, uniformity of vibration transmitted to the element is ensured during operation of the vibro driver. Imbalances can be installed on the shafts symmetrically relative to each other and are made with the same weight.

The imbalances can be symmetrically fixed to the vibration units relative to each other.

At least parts of the vibration units can additionally be pivotally connected to each other.

The vibro-loader may contain an additional hydraulic cylinder pivotally connected to two vibration blocks.

Thus, the vibrator body is made integral, consisting of two parts (vibration units), interconnected by means of a swivel connection to the hydraulic cylinder (i.e., each of which is pivotally connected to the opposite ends of one hydraulic cylinder) with the possibility of clamping between the component parts of the vibrator of the workpiece, those. The function of the clamping device for the workpiece is performed by the vibration absorber body. This design allows you to abandon the additional separate structural element of the vibratory driver - the clamp - and use the immersed element as a support for two independent parts of the body (vibration units) with independent unbalances. The main difference between the design and the previously known is the lack of a single rigid body with two unbalances with fixed rotation axes. The vibrator has two independent housings, each of which contains a fixed unbalance. Both parts of the composite body (vibration blocks), interconnected, fix the immersed element. Due to this, a decrease in the total mass of the device is achieved, which ensures an increase in the amplitude of vibrations of the vibro driver when immersing or removing the element, as a result of which the speed of immersion or extraction of the element increases.

An additional advantage is the ability to install the vibrator on elements of various shapes with different dimensions (flat or volumetric, for example, pipe, pile) by making a movable connection between its parts (two vibratory units) with the possibility of changing the angular and / or linear distance between them, which leads to the absence of the need for each type of processed elements to use its own vibration absorber, which ensures the expansion of the device's functionality.

The oscillation amplitude of system (A) is the main characteristic that affects the process of immersion or extraction of an element. This is described by the formula:

,

,

where mr is the static moment of unbalance;

M ₁ - the mass of the vibration exciter;

M ₂ is the mass of the clamping device;

M ₃ is the mass of the immersed element.

From the above formula it follows that with a constant static moment of unbalance, the amplitude can be increased with a decrease in the total weight of the oscillating system.

The value of the smallest amplitude at which the vibration immersion process (a) can occur is 3 mm. At a lower amplitude, the process of vibration immersion does not occur, since the amplitude of the oscillations is insufficient to break the adhesion of the surface of the immersed element to the ground.

In this case, if the friction force is less than the centrifugal force created by the vibrator, the process of transferring vibration from the vibrator to the element will stop. Thus, the compensated work of all elements of the vibrator is a prerequisite for working on immersion or extraction of elements by the vibration method, which is ensured by the claimed design.

Due to the movable connection between two vibratory units with clamping jaws connected by a hydraulic cylinder, it is possible to reliably clamp an immersed / retrieved element (i.e., to fix it rigidly) while creating the necessary clamping force of such an element. Due to the implementation of the vibrator with two independent unbalances, which are located on both sides of the immersed / removed element, it is possible to evenly transmit vibration to the clamped element on both sides, which increases the processing efficiency.

Further, the solution is illustrated by reference to the drawings, which depict the following.

FIG. 1 - vibration absorber, known from the closest analogue of RU 1150306;

FIG. 2 - the claimed vibrator with an angular distance between the axes of the unbalance, the immersed (removed) element is not clamped, the unbalance is not rotated;

FIG. 3 - the claimed vibrator with the smallest angular distance between the axes of the unbalance, the immersed (retrieved) element is clamped, the unbalance rotates in opposite directions;

FIG. 4 - the claimed vibrator with two hydraulic cylinders;

FIG. 5 is a particular example 1 (comparative) of the implementation of a vibrator;

FIG. 6 is a particular example 2 of the implementation of the claimed vibrator;

FIG. 7 - the claimed vibrator with the element clamped to the upper end;

FIG. 8 - the claimed vibrator with the element clamped to the side surface.

The vibrator, known from the closest analogue (Fig. 1), consists of a vibration exciter (1), a clamping device (2) for clamping the immersed element (3) and two unbalances (4). During operation of the vibro driver (Fig. 1), a disturbing force arises, leading to oscillations. During operation of the device, the clamping device (2) transfers vibrations from the vibration exciter (1) to the immersed element (3) due to the frictional force created by the clamping device (2) and connecting the vibration exciter (1) and the immersed element (3).

The claimed vibro-driver, according to the present invention (Fig. 2-8), is made in the form of a clamping element containing two parts of the housing (two vibro-blocks) interconnected by at least one hydraulic cylinder (5), each vibro-block containing an unbalance attached to it ( 6) and (7), its own drive (8) from its hydraulic motor and clamping jaws (9) and (10) (gripper) for lateral clamping of the element (11) when the distance between the vibration units changes, and the unbalances (6) and ( 7) made with the possibility of their synchronous rotation in the opposite s side. Moreover, the axis of rotation of the unbalances made with the possibility of moving one relative to the other.

In the particular case of the invention, the vibrator contains one hydraulic cylinder, and the angular distance between the axes of rotation of the unbalances can vary (Fig. 2-3).

In another particular case of the invention, the claimed vibrator has two hydraulic cylinders (5) and (12), while the linear distance between the axes of rotation of the unbalances can vary (Fig. 4).

A vibratory loader with a variable distance between the axes of the unbalance allows using one hydraulic cylinder to clamp the element both for the upper surface (Fig. 7) and for the side surface (Fig. 8).

The vibrator is used as follows.

An immersed / retrievable element is clamped between the jaws (9), (10) of the vibration units. In this case, when placing the element between the jaws, the angular distance A3, A4 between the unbalance axes (6) and (7) is changed due to the movement of the vibration units linearly (Fig. 4) or along an arc of a circle (Figs. 2-3).

When the element is not sandwiched between the lips (the distance between the lips and the element B3> 0), the angular velocity of the unbalances w3 are equal to zero, the linear velocity of the unbalances with v3 greater than zero (Fig. 2).

When you install the element between the jaws (the distance between the jaws and the element B4 = 0) and when processing it, the angular velocity of the unbalance w4 is greater than zero, the linear velocity of the unbalance v4 is zero (Fig. 3). The total force of the hydraulic cylinders should be greater than the maximum centrifugal force developed by unbalances (6) and (7), which ensures the transfer of vibration from unbalances to the element and mutual compensation of the horizontal component of the centrifugal unbalance forces (6) and unbalance (7). Imbalances are driven by two electric motors through a belt, chain or gear transmission.

The vibrational force from each of the two parts of the body (vibration units) is transmitted to the immersed element. The horizontal components of the disturbing force are mutually compensated. The remaining vertical component of the disturbing force provides the creation of directional oscillations. Forcing the element held between the vibration blocks to perform directional vibrations, this design allows the use of the immersed element as a support for two independent bodies (vibration blocks) with unbalances.

Example 1

As examples, we consider two vibratory drivers with the same basic characteristics.

The vibratory driver 1 (Fig. 5, the design coincides with the vibration driver of the closest analogue of RU 1150306) with fixed unbalance rotation axes installed in a rigid case and a hydraulic clamp with a clamping jaw moved by the hydraulic cylinder). The vibrator has a fork (13), a shock absorber (14), a vibrator (15), a side clip (16) and a lower clip (17).

The claimed vibrator 2 is made with a variable distance between the axes of rotation of the unbalance (Fig. 6).

The main characteristics of the studied vibration absorbers 1 and 2 are presented in table 1.

During operation, the vibrator 1 with a clamped immersion element develops an oscillation amplitude of 6.45 mm.

During operation, the vibrator 2 with a clamped immersion element develops an oscillation amplitude of 7.15 mm.

Due to the difference in amplitude, the maximum immersion depth of the element in the same soil with a yield index of 0.5 for vibration absorber 1 will be 10 meters, and for vibration vibrator 2-12 meters.

Thus, the design of the proposed vibration absorber 2 with a variable distance between the axes of rotation of the unbalance has higher basic characteristics, namely a significantly larger amplitude and, as a result, a significantly greater depth of immersion or extraction of elements. At the same time, it is the depth of immersion or extraction of elements that is the most basic purpose of such construction machines as a vibrator.

An important consequence of increasing the amplitude of oscillations of the system is an increase in the speed of immersion and extraction of the element.

Based on the studies, the following formula was proposed for the speed of immersion of the element with a vibration absorber:

,

,

where V is the speed of immersion of the element, m / min;

And - the amplitude (range) of vibrations of the vibrosystem, mm;

k1 is an exponent of 1.1;

a is a constant value (smallest amplitude), taken equal to 3 mm;

n is the number of revolutions of unbalances per minute;

k2 - exponent equal to 1;

I - indicator of soil fluidity;

k3 exponent equal to 1.2;

N - immersion depth, m;

k4 is an exponent of -0.95.

For example, for the soil fluidity index I = 0.5, and the number of revolutions revolutions n = 1920, the following values were obtained (see table 2).

As can be seen from table 2, the vibrator 2 with a larger amplitude immerses 1.22 times faster.

Thus, the proposed design of the vibrator with independent unbalances provides a more efficient and faster immersion of the element in the soil and extraction from them.

Claims (5)

1. A vibro-driver, characterized in that it contains two vibro-blocks pivotally connected to opposite ends of the hydraulic cylinder with the possibility of changing the angular and / or linear distance between the vibro-blocks, each vibro-block containing a shaft mounted on it with unbalance, a drive and a hydraulic motor connected to the unbalance, and a clamping jaw, while the unbalances of the vibration units are made with the possibility of their synchronous rotation in opposite directions. 2. The vibrator under item 1, characterized in that the vibration units are made with the same weight. 3. The vibrator under item 1, characterized in that the unbalance is made with the same mass. 4. The vibro-loader according to claim 1, characterized in that the unbalances are symmetrically mounted on the vibration units relative to each other. 5. The vibro-loader according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional hydraulic cylinder pivotally connected to two vibratory units.

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